Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Comparison Of Post-Activation Potentiation Methods On Power And Sprint Acceleration, Aaron Piper

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Post-activation potentiation (PAP) is a stimulus used to enhance performance by performing specific interventions prior to subsequent explosive movements. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different PAP methods on power and sprint acceleration in resistance trained, college-aged men and women. A total of 13 subjects participated in the study. After determining back squat 1 repetition max, subjects returned for testing on separate days to complete one of four interventions (dynamic resistance, weighted plyometric, isometric, or control) in a randomized order. A standardized warmup was given, followed by a baseline countermovement jump (CMJ) and 20-meter sprint. …

The Concept Of Mania In Traditional Andean Culture, Marucela Juana Uscamayta-Ayvar, Rodolfo Sanchez Garrafa, Javier I. Escobar, Gabriel A. De Erausquin

School of Medicine Publications

No abstract provided.

Minocycline Inhibits Pdgf-Bb-Induced Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation And Migration By Reversing Mir-221- And -222-Mediated Reck Suppression, Yusuke Higashi, Srinivas Mummidi, Sergiy Sukhanov, Tadashi Yoshida, Makoto Noda, Patrice Delafontaine, Bysani Chandrasekar

School of Medicine Publications

Minocycline, a tetracycline antibiotic, is known to exert vasculoprotective effects independent of its anti-bacterial properties; however the underlying molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. Reversion Inducing Cysteine Rich Protein with Kazal Motifs (RECK) is a cell surface expressed, membrane anchored protein, and its overexpression inhibits cancer cell migration. We hypothesized that minocycline inhibits platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced human aortic smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and migration via RECK upregulation. Our data show that the BB homodimer of recombinant PDGF (PDGF-BB) induced SMC migration and proliferation, effects significantly blunted by pre-treatment with minocycline. Further investigations revealed that PDGF-BB induced PI3K-dependent AKT …

Doxycycline Didn’T Cure The Fever! An Interesting Case Of Large Granular Lymphocytic (Lgl) Leukemia With Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (Hlh)., Dayan Ojeda Damas, Ayesha Hamid, Kevin Wu, Michael Lapelusa, Nabeel Sarhill, Henry Kwang

School of Medicine Publications

HLH: A rare association with LGL Leukemia Dayan Ojeda-Damas MD, Ayesha Hamid MD, Kevin Wu MD, Michael Lapelusa MS-3, Nabeel Sarhill MD, Henry Kwang MD University of Texas Rio Grande Valley. Internal Medicine Residency at Valley Baptist Medical Center. Harlingen, TX Introduction Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a potentially fatal syndrome characterized by excessive immune activation. It is diagnosed in patients of all ages and is classified as either primary from gene mutations or secondary from various triggers. We present an interesting case of HLH in a patient with large granular lymphocytic leukemia (LGL). Presentation A 53-year-old female with a questionable …

Recursive Residuals For Linear Mixed Models, Ahmed Bani‑Mustafa, K. M. Matawie, Caroline F. Finch, Amjad Al‑Nasser, Enrico Ciavolino

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

This paper presents and extends the concept of recursive residuals and their estimation to an important class of statistical models, Linear Mixed Models (LMM). Recurrence formulae are developed and recursive residuals are defined. Recursive computable expressions are also developed for the model’s likelihood, together with its derivative and information matrix. The theoretical framework for developing recursive residuals and their estimation for LMM varies with the estimation method used, such as the fitting-of-constants or the Best Linear Unbiased Predictor method. These methods are illustrated through application to an LMM example drawn from a published study. Model fit is assessed through a …

In Vivo Safety Profile And Biodistribution Of Gmp-Manufactured Human Skin-Derived Abcb5-Positive Mesenchymal Stromal Cells For Use In Clinical Trials, Nils Tappenbeck, Hannes M. Schröder, Elke Niebergall-Roth, Fathema Hassinger, Ulf Dehio, Kathrin Dieter, Korinna Kraft, Andreas Kerstan, Jasmina Esterlechner, Natasha Y. Frank, Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek, George F. Murphy, Dennis P. Orgill, Joachim Beck, Markus H. Frank, Christoph Ganss, Mark A. Kluth

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background aims

Human dermal ABCB5-expressing mesenchymal stromal cells (ABCB5⁺ MSCs) represent a promising candidate for stem cell–based therapy of various currently uncurable diseases in several fields of regenerative medicine. We have developed and validated a method to isolate, from human skin samples, and expand ABCB5⁺ MSCs that meet the guideline criteria of the International Society for Cellular Therapy. We are able to process these cells into a Good Manufacturing Practice–conforming, MSC-based advanced-therapy medicinal product.

Methods

To support the development of ABCB5⁺ MSCs for potential therapeutic topical, intramuscular and intravenous administration, we have tested our product in a …

The Role Of Plasmids And Clones In The Emergence Of Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae In The United Arab Emirates, Shaimaa Fekry Mahmoud Mouftah Ali

Dissertations

Resistance to carbapenems, the ultimate beta-lactam antibiotics used to treat life-threatening Gram-negative infections associates with very high mortality. Consequently, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), which are usually multi- or extremely drug-resistant, is considered a critical pathogen. To help to control their spread, we investigated the molecular epidemiology of CRE in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and its neighboring countries. CRE isolated in the UAE were screened for IncX3 incompatibility type plasmids carrying carbapenemases. The complete sequence of the IncX3 plasmids identified was established. Thirty CRE carried blaNDM-1, blaNDM-4, blaNDM-5, blaNDM-7, blaOXA-181, and blaKPC-2 on IncX3 plasmids. …

Hemodialysis Care Staff Perceptions On Barriers To Optimal Health: Results From A Qualitative Study And National Survey, Daniela A. Gutierrez More

Graduate Theses

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is currently the ninth leading cause of death in the United States, and despite the favorable outcomes reported in previous studies, mortality rates for CKD have yet to show improvement. The purpose of this study was distinguish between the different strategies used to treat CKD as perceived by renal practitioners. It is hypothesized that the lack of improvement in mortality rates may be attributed to the lack of cardiovascular protection.

Analysis Of Injuries And Costs Of Public Safety Occupations: A Systematic Review, Jade Witmer

Graduate Theses

Public safety occupations, such as firefighters and law enforcement, perform physically demanding tasks in unpredictable environments with additional external loads putting them at risk for sustaining a musculoskeletal injury while on duty. The goal of this systematic review was to address the incidence of musculoskeletal injuries and costs related to those in the public safety occupations of firefighting and law enforcement.

Use Of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation For Depression, Sukaina Rizvi, Ali M. Khan

School of Medicine Publications

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), a research tool with various effects on brain cells, can depolarize cerebral neurons noninvasively. This method offers temporal and spatial resolution and can be combined with other neurocognitive and neuro-experimental techniques. Prefrontal TMS therapy repeated daily for four to six weeks is a neuromodulation technique approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in patients resistant to medications. This technique utilizes electromagnetic induction to excite neuronal cells. Several recent studies have enhanced our understanding of this novel treatment intervention. This report reviews recent studies on the mechanism of …

Minocycline Inhibits Pdgf-Bb-Induced Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation And Migration By Reversing Mir-221- And -222-Mediated Reck Suppression, Yusuke Higashi, Srinivas Mummidi, Sergiy Sukhanov, Tadashi Yoshida, Makoto Noda, Patrice Delafontaine, Bysani Chandrasekar

School of Medicine Publications

Minocycline, a tetracycline antibiotic, is known to exert vasculoprotective effects independent of its anti-bacterial properties; however the underlying molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. Reversion Inducing Cysteine Rich Protein with Kazal Motifs (RECK) is a cell surface expressed, membrane anchored protein, and its overexpression inhibits cancer cell migration. We hypothesized that minocycline inhibits platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced human aortic smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and migration via RECK upregulation. Our data show that the BB homodimer of recombinant PDGF (PDGF-BB) induced SMC migration and proliferation, effects significantly blunted by pre-treatment with minocycline. Further investigations revealed that PDGF-BB induced PI3K-dependent AKT …

Automation, Regulation, And Collaboration: Threats And Opportunities For Clinical Medical Physics Careers In Diagnostic Imaging And Nuclear Medicine., David W. Jordan, Eric L. Gingold, Ehsan Samei

Department of Radiology Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.

The Re-Emerging Association Between Tuberculosis And Diabetes: Lessons From Past Centuries, Jose Cadena, Selvalakshmi Rathinavelu, Juan Carlos Lopez Alvarenga, Blanca I. Restrepo

School of Medicine Publications

The association between tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) had a common place in the literature up to the first half of the 20th century, but virtually disappeared with the discovery of insulin to treat DM and antibiotics to cure TB. In the late 1990s the literature began to re-emerge with the worldwide increase in type 2 DM, particularly in TB-endemic countries. Today, type 2 DM is the most prevalent comorbidity among TB patients and the World Health Organization considers it a threat to TB control. We summarize the literature on TB and DM up to the 1960s. Then we …

Heritability Of Fetal Hemoglobin, White Cell Count, And Other Clinical Traits From A Sickle Cell Disease Family Cohort, Erik L. Bao, Caleb A. Lareau, Carlo Brugnara, Isabel Fulcher, Caroline Barau, Stephane Moutereau, Anoosha Habibi, Bouchra Badaoui, Jugurtha Berkenou, Michael Mahaney

School of Medicine Publications

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common monogenic disorder in the world. Notably, there is extensive clinical heterogeneity in SCD that cannot be fully accounted for by known factors, and in particular, the extent to which the phenotypic diversity of SCD can be explained by genetic variation has not been reliably quantified. Here, in a family-based cohort of 449 patients with SCD and 755 relatives, we first show that 5 known modifiers affect 11 adverse outcomes in SCD to varying degrees. We then utilize a restricted maximum likelihood procedure to estimate the heritability of 20 hematologic traits, including fetal …

Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies 30 Loci Associated With Bipolar Disorder, Eli A. Stahl, Gerome Breen, Andreas J. Forstner, Andrew Mcquillin, Stephan Ripke, Vassily Trubetskoy, Manuel Mattheisen, Yunpeng Wang, Jonathan R. I. Coleman, Ney Alliey-Rodriguez

School of Medicine Publications

Bipolar disorder is a highly heritable psychiatric disorder. We performed a genome-wide association study including 20,352 cases and 31,358 controls of European descent, with follow-up analysis of 822 variants with P<1×10−4 in an additional 9,412 cases and 137,760 controls. Eight of the 19 variants that were genome-wide significant (GWS, p < 5×10−8) in the discovery GWAS were not GWS in the combined analysis, consistent with small effect sizes and limited power but also with genetic heterogeneity. In the combined analysis 30 loci were GWS including 20 novel loci. The significant loci contain genes encoding ion channels, neurotransmitter transporters and synaptic components. Pathway analysis revealed nine significantly enriched gene-sets including regulation of insulin secretion and endocannabinoid signaling. BDI is strongly genetically correlated with schizophrenia, driven by psychosis, whereas BDII is more strongly correlated with major depressive disorder. These findings address key clinical questions and provide potential new biological mechanisms for BD.

Use Of Gabapentin In The Treatment Of Substance Use And Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review, Saeed Ahmed, Ramya Bachu, Vijaya P. Kotapati, Mahwish Adnan, Rizwan A. Ahmed, Umer Farooq, Hina Saeed, Ali M. Khan, Aarij Zubair, Iqra Qamar, Gulshan Begum

School of Medicine Publications

Objective: Gabapentin (GBP) is an anticonvulsant medication that is also used to treat restless legs syndrome (RLS) and posttherapeutic neuralgia. GBP is commonly prescribed off-label for psychiatric disorders despite the lack of strong evidence. However, there is growing evidence that GBP may be effective and clinically beneficial in both psychiatric disorders and substance use disorders. This review aimed to perform a systematic analysis of peer-reviewed published literature on the efficacy of GBP in the treatment of psychiatric disorders and substance use disorders.

Methods: This review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. …

Genetic Analysis Localizes A Novel Locus On Chromosome 4q For The Glaucoma Endophenotype, Cup-To-Disc Ratio: The Jiri Eye Study, Sarah E. Miller, Nicholas B. Blackburn, Suman S. Thapa, Sandra Laston, Satish Kumar, Juan M. Peralta, Janardan Subedi, John Blangero, Sarah Williams-Blangero, Matthew P. Johnson

School of Medicine Publications

Purpose: Glaucoma is a heterogeneous disease influenced by genetic risk factors. However, not all genetic risk factors have been identified. The aim of this project is to localize genetic factors influencing known glaucoma endophenotypes: intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT), and vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR).

Methods: This family-based study design utilizes phenotypic and genomic data from a single well-characterized pedigree residing in the Jiri region of Nepal. Measures of IOP, CCT and VCDR were obtained by Goldmann applanation tonometry, OCT, and slit lamp biomicroscopy, respectively. Using a genome-wide genotype data set (~550,000 SNPs), we performed a genome-wide linkage scan …

Genomic Analysis Of Circulating Tumor Dna Using A Melanoma-Specific Ultraseek Oncogene Panel, Elin S. Gray, Tom Witkowski, Michelle Pereira, Leslie Calapre, Karl Herron, Darryl Irwin, Brett Chapman, Muhammad A. Khattak, Jeanette Raleigh, Athena Hatzimihalis, Jonathan Cebon, Shahneen Sandhu, Grant A. Mcarthur, Michael Millward, Melanie Ziman, Alexander Dobrovic, Stephen Q. Wong

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The analysis of circulating tumor DNA provides a minimally invasive molecular interrogation that has the potential to guide treatment selection and disease monitoring. Here, the authors evaluated a custom UltraSEEK melanoma panel for the MassARRAY system, probing for 61 mutations over 13 genes. The analytical sensitivity and clinical accuracy of the UltraSEEK melanoma panel was compared with droplet digital PCR. The blinded analysis of 68 mutations detected in 48 plasma samples from stage IV melanoma patients revealed a concordance of 88% between the two platforms. Further comparison of both methods for the detection of BRAF V600E mutations in 77 plasma …

A Core Genome Approach That Enables Prospective And Dynamic Monitoring Of Infectious Outbreaks, Helen Van Aggelen, John T. Fallon, Weihua Huang, Guiqing Wang, Brian D. Gross

NYMC Faculty Publications

Whole-genome sequencing is increasingly adopted in clinical settings to identify pathogen transmissions, though largely as a retrospective tool. Prospective monitoring, in which samples are continuously added and compared to previous samples, can generate more actionable information. To enable prospective pathogen comparison, genomic relatedness metrics based on single-nucleotide differences must be consistent across time, efficient to compute and reliable for a large variety of samples. The choice of genomic regions to compare, i.e., the core genome, is critical to obtain a good metric. We propose a novel core genome method that selects conserved sequences in the reference genome by comparing its …

A 2-Year Prospective Study Of Injury Epidemiology In Elite Australian Rugby Sevens: Exploration Of Incidence Rates, Severity, Injury Type, And Subsequent Injury In Men And Women, Liam A. Toohey, Michael K. Drew, Caroline F. Finch, Jill L. Cook, Lauren V. Fortington

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background:

Injuries are common in rugby sevens, but studies to date have been limited to short, noncontinuous periods and reporting of match injuries only.

Purpose:

To report the injury incidence rate (IIR), severity, and burden of injuries sustained by men and women in the Australian rugby sevens program and to provide the first longitudinal investigation of subsequent injury occurrence in rugby sevens looking beyond tournament injuries only.

Study design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

Ninety international rugby sevens players (55 men and 35 women) were prospectively followed over 2 consecutive seasons (2015-2016 and 2016-2017). All medical attention injuries were reported irrespective …

Re-Code Dcm (Research Objectives And Common Data Elements For Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy): A Consensus Process To Improve Research Efficiency In Dcm, Through Establishment Of A Standardized Dataset For Clinical Research And The Definition Of The Research Priorities, Benjamin M. Davies, Danyal Z. Khan, Oliver D. Mowforth, Angus G.K. Mcnair, Toto Gronlund, Angelos G. Kolias, Lindsay Tetreault, Michelle L. Starkey, Iwan Sadler, Ellen Sarewitz, Delphine Houlton, Julia Carter, Sukhvinder Kalsi-Ryan, Bizhan Aarabi, Brian K. Kwon, Shekar N. Kurpad, James Harrop, Jefferson R. Wilson, Robert Grossman, Armin Curt, Michael G. Fehlings, Mark R.N. Kotter

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

Study Design: Mixed-method consensus process.

Objectives: Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is a common and disabling condition that arises when mechanical stress damages the spinal cord as a result of degenerative changes in the surrounding spinal structures. RECODE-DCM (REsearch Objectives and Common Data Elements for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy) aims to improve efficient use of health care resources within the field of DCM by using a multi-stakeholder partnership to define the DCM research priorities, to develop a minimum dataset for DCM clinical studies, and confirm a definition of DCM.

Methods: This requires a multi-stakeholder partnership and multiple parallel consensus development processes. It …

Arterial Stiffness During Whole-Body Passive Heat Stress In Healthy Older Adults, Zachary J. Schlader, Yoshiyuki Okada, Stuart A. Best, Qi Fu, Craig G. Crandall

Kinesiology and Health Promotion Faculty Publications

We tested the hypothesis that whole‐body passive heat stress reduces arterial stiffness in older adults. At preheat stress (baseline) and when core temperature was elevated by 0.6 ± 0.2°C (mild) and 1.2 ± 0.3°C (moderate), arterial stiffness was measured in eight healthy younger (26 ± 5 years) and eight healthy older (70 ± 4 years) adults in the supine position. Arterial stiffness was estimated from carotid‐to‐femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV, applanation tonometry). cfPWV was higher at baseline in older adults (8.8 ± 2.3 m/sec vs. 5.6 ± 0.9 m/sec, P < 0.01) and this difference was maintained throughout passive heat stress (P < 0.01). cfPWV did not change (P ≥ 0.49) with passive heat stress in either …

The Relationship Between Spiritual Intelligence And Job Performance Among Clinical Nurses, Maryam Keramati, Hosein Ebrahimi, Asma Bameri, Mohammad Hasan Basirinezhad, Seyed Mohammad Mirhoseini, Reza Mohammadpourhodki

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Nurses are among the most important human resources of hospitals. Nurses’ performance is affected by several factors including their spiritual intelligence. Spirituality can lead to higher commitment, productivity, and quality improvement in health services. This study aimed to determine the relationship between spiritual intelligence and job performance among nurses in southeast of Iran in 2017. In this cross-sectional study, 204 nurses working in teaching hospitals of Zabol city were assessed. The nurses were randomly selected by cluster sampling. The demographic characteristics were obtained by a checklist. The Job performance Scale and Spiritual Intelligence Scale were further used to assess the …

Does Ownership Make A Difference In Primary Care Practice?, Stephan Lindner, Leif I. Solberg, William L. Miller, Bijal A. Balasubramanian, Miguel Marino, K. John Mcconnell, Samuel T. Edwards, Kurt C. Stange, Rachel J. Springer, Deborah J. Cohen

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Purpose: We assessed differences in structural characteristics, quality improvement processes, and cardiovascular preventive care by ownership type among 989 small to medium primary care practices.

Methods: This cross-sectional analysis used electronic health record and survey data collected between September 2015 and April 2017 as part of an evaluation of the EvidenceNOW: Advancing Heart Health in Primary Care Initiative by the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality. We compared physician-owned practices, health system or medical group practices, and Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHC) by using 15 survey-based practice characteristic measures, 9 survey-based quality improvement process measures, and 4 …

An Integrative Review: Maternal Engagement In The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit And Health Outcomes For U.S.-Born Preterm Infants And Their Parents, Susanne Klawetter, Jennifer C. Greenfield, Stephanie Rachel Speer, Kyria Brown, Sunah S. Hwang

School of Social Work Faculty Publications and Presentations

Hospitals and perinatal organizations recognize the importance of family engagement in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) defines family engagement as “A set of behaviors by patients, family members, and health professionals and a set of organizational policies and procedures that foster both the inclusion of patients and family members as active members of the health care team and collaborative partnerships with providers and provider organizations.” In-unit barriers and facilitators to enhance family engagement are well studied; however, less is known specifically about maternal engagement’s influence in the NICU on the health …

Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis: Synchronous Upper And Lower Gastrointestinal Bleed, Muhammad Usman Mirza, John Van Taunay, Muhammad Waleed, Shiva Shankar Vangimalla, Sharana Hegde, Muhamad Alhaj Moustafa

Medical College Documents

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a rare chronic granulomatous destructive process of the renal parenchyma. It is caused by a chronic inflammatory process due to recurrent urinary tract infections and/or obstructing renal calculi. Rarely, it presents with advanced complications including abscesses and fistula formations. In this article, we report a unique presentation of XGP with simultaneous upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding in the setting of XGP with reno-gastric and reno-colic fistulas.

Dusty Shoes: Appalachia Wisdom Fertilizing The Future Of Religious Leadership, Jill Crainshaw

Journal of Appalachian Health

Dust from their journeys through the hills and hollows of Appalachia clings to their shoes and has forever shaped their vocational journeys. This is a refrain I have distilled from the reflections of students who have participated in Wake Forest University School of Divinity’s multicultural contexts course that includes a 10-day sojourn in the mountains of North Carolina.

Identifying Priority And “Bright-Spot” Counties For Diabetes Preventive Care In Appalachia: An Exploratory Analysis, Peter J. Mallow, Michael Topmiller, Jennifer Rankin, Jene Grandmont, David Grolling, Jessica L. Mccann, Mark Carrozza

Journal of Appalachian Health

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence and mortality in Appalachian counties is substantially higher when compared to non-Appalachian counties, although there is significant variation within Appalachia.

Purpose: The objectives of this research were to identify low-performing (priority) and high-performing (bright spot) counties with respect to improving T2DM preventive care.

Methods: Using data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS), the Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care, and the Appalachia Regional Commission, conditional maps were created using county-level estimates for T2DM prevalence, mortality, and annual hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) testing rates. Priority counties were identified using the following criteria: top 33rd …

Serum Cotinine Versus Parent Reported Measures Of Secondhand Smoke Exposure In Rural Appalachian Children, Samrat Yeramaneni, Kimberly Yolton, Kurunthachalam Kannan, Kim N. Dietrich, Erin N. Haynes

Journal of Appalachian Health

Background: Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in Appalachian children and associated adverse effects is understudied and not well documented. This study assessed the prevalence of SHS exposure in Appalachian children by parental self-report and internal biological measure.

Methods: SHS exposure was determined in children residing in rural Appalachian communities during their participation in the Communities Actively Researching Exposure Study between 2009 and 2013. Parents reported the number of smokers in the household and number of cigarettes smoked/day. Children ages 7-9 provided a serum sample for cotinine analysis. Parent reported measures and child serum cotinine measures of SHS exposure were compared with …

The Social Determinants Of Health And The Decline In U.S. Life Expectancy: Implications For Appalachia, Steven H. Woolf, Heidi Schoomaker, Latoya Hill, Christine M. Orndahl

Journal of Appalachian Health

For the past century, life expectancy in industrialized countries has increased, and the U.S. has shared in that progress. However, beginning in the 1980s, advances in U.S. life expectancy began to lose pace with peer countries. By 1998, U.S. life expectancy had fallen below the average for Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development nations. U.S. life expectancy peaked in 2014 and has been decreasing for three consecutive years, a trend not been seen since the influenza pandemic a century ago. Put simply, U.S. health is in decline.