Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

How Providing Cervical Cancer Screening Results Via Cell Phone Affects Patient Follow-Up Rates In Western Kenya, Megan J. Huchko, Ibrahim Saduma, Cinthia Blat, Sandra Oketch, Elizabeth Bukusi

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Purpose: Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is being more widely used in simplified cervical cancer screening protocols in low-resource settings. One challenge to successful implementation is the multiple visits necessary to provide results and follow-up. mHealth strategies may reduce visit burden by providing information through text message.

Methods: As part of a cluster-randomized trial to compare HPV testing in clinics and community health campaigns in western Kenya, we carried out a mixed-methods study to assess women's preferences and experiences with different strategies to receive their results. Women could opt to receive their HPV results via text message, cell phone call, home …

The Relationship Of An Ipad, A Video Magnifier, And Large Print Text With Oral Reading Outcomes For Children With Low Vision, Rosemary L. Nave Stawasz

Dissertations

Low vision may cause a decrease in visual performance and interfere with daily functioning, especially reading print or text materials. Reading standard text can be particularly challenging for students with low vision in an educational setting and can reduce oral reading rates. Students with low vision may use large print or low vision devices for reading. Limited evidence currently exists to compare oral reading outcomes across various reading media for children with low vision.

The purpose of this exploratory project was to examine oral reading rate, fluency, and comprehension among children with low vision when using an iPad, a video …

Limbic-Predominant Age-Related Tdp-43 Encephalopathy (Late): Consensus Working Group Report, Peter T. Nelson, Dennis W. Dickson, John Q. Trojanowski, Clifford R. Jack, Patricia A. Boyle, Konstantinos Arfanakis, Rosa Rademakers, Irina Alafuzoff, Johannes Attems, Carol Brayne, Ian T. S. Coyle-Gilchrist, Helena C. Chui, David W. Fardo, Margaret E. Flanagan, Glenda Halliday, Suvi R. K. Hokkanen, Sally Hunter, Gregory A. Jicha, Yuriko Katsumata, Claudia H. Kawas, C. Dirk Keene, Gabor G. Kovacs, Walter A. Kukull, Allan I. Levey, Nazanin Makkinejad, Thomas J. Montine, Shigeo Murayama, Melissa E. Murray, Sukriti Nag, Robert A. Rissman, William W. Seeley, Reisa A. Sperling, Charles L. White Iii, Lei Yu, Julie A. Schneider

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

We describe a recently recognized disease entity, limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE). LATE neuropathological change (LATE-NC) is defined by a stereotypical TDP-43 proteinopathy in older adults, with or without coexisting hippocampal sclerosis pathology. LATE-NC is a common TDP-43 proteinopathy, associated with an amnestic dementia syndrome that mimicked Alzheimer’s-type dementia in retrospective autopsy studies. LATE is distinguished from frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 pathology based on its epidemiology (LATE generally affects older subjects), and relatively restricted neuroanatomical distribution of TDP-43 proteinopathy. In community-based autopsy cohorts, ∼25% of brains had sufficient burden of LATE-NC to be associated with discernible cognitive impairment. Many …

Prevalence And Outcome Of Asymptomatic Cryptococcal Antigenemia In Art Naive And Art Experienced Hiv Patients In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Charles Mandela Makakala

Master of Medicine in Internal Medicine

Introduction: Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a highly fatal disease and contributes to about 20% of all-cause mortality in HIV/AIDS. Sub-Saharan Africa is facing substantial challenges in the treatment of the disease; the focus has been shifted towards prevention of the condition in ART-naive patients with CD4 counts of less than 100 cells/μL. Most studies and interventions have been conducted on ART-naive HIV patients despite there being cases and deaths due to cryptococcal meningitis among ART-experienced patients. Recent studies have shown that although there is an increase in ART coverage among HIV patients, this has not affected the incidence of cryptococcal …

Carotid Dosimetry After Re-Irradiation With 131cs Permanent Implant Brachytherapy In Recurrent, Resected Head And Neck Cancer, Amanda Walsh, Emily Hubley, Laura Doyle M, David Cognetti, Joseph Curry, Voichita Bar-Ad, Adam Luginbuhl

Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Faculty Papers

Purpose: Permanent seed implant cesium-131 (¹³¹Cs) brachytherapy provides highly localized radiation for patients with recurrent head and neck cancer (HNC), who may be ineligible for external beam radiation therapy due to a high-risk of toxicity. As carotid blowout is a concern in the setting of re-irradiation, a dose to the carotid artery was examined for ¹³¹Cs brachytherapy implants.

Material and methods: Eleven patients were implanted with¹³¹Cs adjacent to carotid at the time of resection for recurrent HNC. Vascularized tissue flaps were used in some patients. The carotid artery was contoured on the post-implant brachytherapy treatment …

Preference And Readiness Of Health Care Students Towards Inter-Professional Education, Mila Nu Nu Htay, Sudipta Pal, Htoo Htoo Kyaw Soe, Soe Moe, Htay Lwin, Adinegara Lutfi Abas

Manipal Journal of Medical Sciences

Background: Globally, the health care delivery system is focusing on the involvement of the inter-professional team. Inter-professional education (IPE) is an important strategy to train the students to be ready for collaborative practice. This study aimed to evaluate the students’ preference and readiness towards IPE. Methods: This crosssectional study was conducted in a private medical institution in Malaysia. A total of 168 medical and 129 dental students were recruited for this study. The demography, readiness of health care students for inter-professional learning scale (RIPLS) and the students’ preference to learn with other health care students were included in the questionnaire. …

Suicides In Aborigines; An Analysis Of The Suicide Prevention Policies Of Australia And New Zealand, Adeeba Khan

Manipal Journal of Medical Sciences

The mounting suicide rates among the youths, specifically targeting the Aborigines have been a major health concern all over the world. Despite of having their suicide prevention policies in place, Australia and New Zealand face the same alarming problem of increasing suicide rates among indigenous people. This paper serves the primary purpose of comparing the suicide prevention policies for the Aborigines in New Zealand and Australia. Additionally, it also explains the reason behind this disproportionality/inclination of the suicidal deaths towards the indigenous people in these two countries which is less established in the existing research literature. Walt and Gibson’s Health …

Dean's Update, June 2019, Jerry L. Nadler

SOM Dean's Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Participant Perspectives On A Phase I/Ii Ocular Gene Therapy Trial (Nct02077361), Stephanie P. Brooks, Shelly Benjaminy, Tania M. Bubela

Office of the Provost

Background: To learn from the experiences of potential clinical trial participants, participants in a Phase 1 ocular gene therapy trial, and their partners to improve communications and trial conduct.
Materials and methods: Primary and secondary qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews of potential participants (n = 20), clinical trial participants (n = 2) and their partners (n = 2) in a gene therapy clinical trial for choroideremia (NCT02077361). Analysis included: 1) thematic analysis of transcribed entrance and exit semi-structured interviews with trial participants and their partners; and 2) secondary qualitative analysis of interviews with potential trial participants, …

Proportion Of Adults Meeting The 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines For Americans According To Accelerometers., Zachary Zenko, Erik A. Willis, David A. White

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

The new 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans provides updated recommendations for physical activity behavior. These guidelines remove the requirement for physical activity to be obtained in bouts of at least 10 min. The purpose of the present study was to provide an updated estimate of the proportion of adults meeting the physical activity guidelines, based on nationally representative data using accelerometers. Data from 6,525 adults were included in this study. The proportion of adults meeting the physical activity guidelines according to the Department of Health and Human Services and according to the American College of Sports Medicine were estimated …

Recommendations For The Design Of Therapeutic Trials For Neonatal Seizures., Janet S. Soul, Ronit Pressler, Marilee Allen, Geraldine Boylan, Heike Rabe, Ron Portman, Pollyanna Hardy, Sarah Zohar, Klaus Romero, Brian Tseng, Varsha Bhatt-Mehta, Cecil Hahn, Scott Denne, Stephane Auvin, Alexander Vinks, John Lantos, Neil Marlow, Jonathan M. Davis, International Neonatal Consortium

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Although seizures have a higher incidence in neonates than any other age group and are associated with significant mortality and neurodevelopmental disability, treatment is largely guided by physician preference and tradition, due to a lack of data from well-designed clinical trials. There is increasing interest in conducting trials of novel drugs to treat neonatal seizures, but the unique characteristics of this disorder and patient population require special consideration with regard to trial design. The Critical Path Institute formed a global working group of experts and key stakeholders from academia, the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory agencies, neonatal nurse associations, and patient advocacy …

Qualitative Methods Of Road Traffic Crash Research In Low- And Middle-Income Countries: A Review, Benjamin D. Holmes, Kristin Haglund, Kirsten M.M. Beyer, Laura D. Cassidy

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Road traffic crashes are rapidly becoming one of the leading causes of injury and death globally. It is predicted that by 2030 crashes will become the fourth leading cause of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) (Mathers & Loncar, [11]) and the seventh leading global cause of death (World Health Organization [WHO], [26]). The global death toll due to crashes has already escalated by 46% over the past two decades (The World Bank, [21]).

Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are acutely affected by this 'hidden epidemic' (Balch, [ 1]). Ninety per cent of the world's crash-related deaths occur in LMICs where only …

Himmelfarb Library Liaison Letter - June 2019, George Washington University, Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library

Himmelfarb Library Liaison Letters

No abstract provided.

Comt Val158met Is Not Associated With Aβ-Amyloid And Apoe Ε4 Related Cognitive Decline In Cognitively Normal Older Adults, Tenielle Porter, Samantha C. Burnham, Lidija Milicic, Greg Savage, Paul Maruff, Hamid R. Sohrabi, Madeline Peretti, Yen Ying Lim, Michael Weinborn, David Ames, Colin L. Masters, Ralph N. Martins, Stephanie Rainey-Smith, Christopher C. Rowe, Olivier Salvado, David Groth, Giuseppe Verdile, Victor L. Villemagne, Simon M. Laws

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), Val158Met within the Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene has been associated with altered levels of cognition and memory performance in cognitively normal adults. This study aimed to investigate the independent and interactional effects of COMT Val158Met on cognitive performance. In particular, it was hypothesised that COMT Val158Met would modify the effect of neocortical Aβ-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation and carriage of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele on cognition in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In 598 cognitively normal older adults with known neocortical Aβ levels, linear mixed modelling revealed no significant independent or …

Dietary Nitrate Intake Is Associated With Muscle Function In Older Women, Marc Sim, Joshua R. Lewis, Lauren C. Blekkenhorst, Catherine P. Bondonno, Amanda Devine, Kun Zhu, Peter Peeling, Richard L. Prince, Jonathan M. Hodgson

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background

In younger individuals, dietary nitrate supplementation has been shown to improve short‐term vascular and muscle function. The role of higher habitual nitrate intake as part of a typical diet on muscle function in ageing has not been investigated. A cross‐sectional study of relationships between dietary nitrate and measures of muscle function in older community‐dwelling Australian women (n = 1420, ≥70 years) was undertaken.

Methods

Participants completed a semi‐quantitative food frequency questionnaire assessing dietary intake over the previous year. Total nitrate from vegetables and non‐vegetable sources was calculated from a validated instrument that quantified the nitrate content of food …

Using Heart Rate Profiles During Sleep As A Biomarker Of Depression, Mysa Saad, Laura B. Ray, Brad Bujaki, Amir Parvaresh, Iryna Palamarchuk, Joseph De Koninck, Alan Douglass, Elliott K. Lee, Louis J. Soucy, Zul Merali

Brain and Mind Institute

Background: Abnormalities in heart rate during sleep linked to impaired neuro-cardiac modulation may provide new information about physiological sleep signatures of depression. This study assessed the validity of an algorithm using patterns of heart rate changes during sleep to discriminate between individuals with depression and healthy controls.

Methods: A heart rate profiling algorithm was modeled using machine-learning based on 1203 polysomnograms from individuals with depression referred to a sleep clinic for the assessment of sleep abnormalities, including insomnia, excessive daytime fatigue, and sleep-related breathing disturbances (n = 664) and mentally healthy controls (n = 529). The final algorithm …

Volume 3, Issue 1

be Still

No abstract provided.

Editor's Introduction

be Still

No abstract provided.

Musings From The Dean, Elaine Wallace

be Still

No abstract provided.

Fairy Tale, Divya Pandya

be Still

The imagination of a child- one of the most fantastic things.

A Child's Curiosity, Quynh-Nhu Tran

be Still

A curious 5-year-old girl placed a stethoscope against her chest in St. James, Jamaica on the December 2018 medical outreach trip. Even though this was my second time returning to Jamaica, I remained amazed at the fearless children not cringing and even smiling during the physical exam. I recalled a brave 10-year-old girl seeing the medical and optometry teams by herself as her father volunteered on-site. Such positive attitudes were reflected among numerous community members through their great respect and continuous gratitude towards healthcare professionals. They touched my life as I touched theirs.

A Warm Ode To Children, Sean A. Friefeld

be Still

A poem encouraging children to embrace the world that they create every day and to live with a sense of wonder.

The Gift Of A Stranger, Angel Mauricio Marquez

be Still

As we are taught in our physics classes, energy is neither created nor destroyed it is simply transferred. Whether that energy manifests itself as power to fuel an engine or as knowledge to fuel a life of passion and intimacies, the energy influences one in the same. I simply seek one thing out of life, that those who come into contact with my energy find themselves transformed in the subtlest of ways so that they may, in turn, inspire another so that the cycle continues on and on.

Her Son, His Mom, Hytham Rashid

be Still

This short narrative hopes to provide a perspective on why children and parents struggle to discuss their health, often masking their shame with modesty.

A Child’S Innocence In Healthcare, Alicia L. Kilian

be Still

A child’s innocence can be deceiving. Their beauty, laughter, and carefree nature can easily blind anyone from seeing and understanding a childs true reality. On my first pediatrics rotation as a third year medical student, I met a little girl with Ebstein’s Anomaly, a rare and serious heart condition. A condition that can present with bluish discoloration to the lips and skin due to lack of oxygen. When this little girl first walked into the examination room, her smile lit up the room and her laughter instantly made me forget why she was even there. After getting lost in her …

War And Climate Refugees In Lesvos, Greece, Zachary Burns

be Still

No abstract provided.

My Future Patients, Peter S. Troccoli

be Still

No abstract provided.

Exercise In Circles And Lines, Lori L. Gregory, Laura Kirkpatrick

be Still

No abstract provided.

Across The Fence, Alex Waziry

be Still

ARTIST ALEX WAZIRY inspired by the movie, “The BOY IN THE STRIPED PAJAMAS”. Having Jewish roots, it deeply touched the Waziry family.

A Prospective, Population-Based Study Of Trends In Operative Vaginal Delivery Compared To Cesarean Delivery Rates In Low- And Middle-Income Countries, 2010-2016., Margo S. Harrison, Sarah Saleem, Sumera Ali, Omrana Pasha, Elwyn Chomba, Waldemar A. Carlo, Ana L. Garces, Nancy F. Krebs, K. Michael Hambidge, Shivaprasad S. Goudar, S. M. Dhaded, Bhala Kodkany, Richard J. Derman, Archana Patel, Patricia L. Hibberd, Fabian Esamai, Edward A. Liechty, Antoinette Tshefu, Adrien Lokangaka, Melissa Bauserman, Carl L. Bose, Fernando Althabe, Jose M. Belizan, Pierre Buekens, Janet L. Moore, Dennis D. Wallace, Menachem Miodovnik, Marion Koso-Thomas, Elizabeth M. Mcclure, Robert L. Goldenberg

Global Health Articles

OBJECTIVE: Few data are available on cesarean delivery and operative vaginal delivery trends in low- and middle-income countries. Our objective was to analyze a prospective population-based registry including eight sites in seven low- and middle-income countries to observe trends in operative vaginal delivery versus cesarean delivery rates over time, across sites.

STUDY DESIGN: A prospective population-based study, including home and facility births among women enrolled from 2010 to 2016, was performed in communities in Argentina, Democratic Republic of Congo, Guatemala, India, Kenya, Pakistan, and Zambia. Women were enrolled during pregnancy and delivery outcome data were collected.

RESULTS: We analyzed 354,287 …