Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

What's Happening: July 29, 2019, Maine Medical Center

What's Happening

No abstract provided.

Emergency Care Surveillance And Emergency Care Registries In Low-Income And Middle-Income Countries: Conceptual Challenges And Future Directions For Research, Hani Mowaf, Christine Ngaruiya, Gerard O'Reilly, Olive Kobusingye, Vikas Kapil, Andres Rubiano, Marcus Ong, Juan Carlos Puyana, Akm Fazlur Rahman, Rashid Jooma, Blythe Beecrof, Junaid Razzak

Section of Neurosurgery

Despite the fact that the 15 leading causes of global deaths and disability-adjusted life years are from conditions amenable to emergency care, and that this burden is highest in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), there is a paucity of research on LMIC emergency care to guide policy making, resource allocation and service provision. A literature review of the 550 articles on LMIC emergency care published in the 10-year period from 2007 to 2016 yielded 106 articles for LMIC emergency care surveillance and registry research. Few articles were from established longitudinal surveillance or registries and primarily composed of short-term data collection. …

Enabling Global Clinical Collaborations On Identifiable Patient Data: The Minerva Initiative., Christoffer Nellåker, Fowzan S Alkuraya, Gareth Baynam, Raphael A Bernier, Francois P J Bernier, Vanessa Boulanger, Michael Brudno, Han G Brunner, Jill Clayton-Smith, Benjamin Cogné, Hugh J S Dawkins, Bert B A Devries, Sofia Douzgou, Tracy Dudding-Byth, Evan E Eichler, Michael Ferlaino, Karen Fieggen, Helen V Firth, David R Fitzpatrick, Dylan Gration, Tudor Groza, Melissa Haendel, Nina Hallowell, Ada Hamosh, Jayne Hehir-Kwa, Marc-Phillip Hitz, Mark Hughes, Usha Kini, Tjitske Kleefstra, R Frank Kooy, Peter Krawitz, Sébastien Küry, Melissa Lees, Gholson J Lyon, Stanislas Lyonnet, Julien L Marcadier, Stephen Meyn, Veronika Moslerová, Juan M Politei, Cathryn C Poulton, F Lucy Raymond, Margot R F Reijnders, Peter N Robinson, Corrado Romano, Catherine M Rose, David C G Sainsbury, Lyn Schofield, Vernon R Sutton, Marek Turnovec, Anke Van Dijck, Hilde Van Esch, Andrew O M Wilkie

Faculty Research 2019

The clinical utility of computational phenotyping for both genetic and rare diseases is increasingly appreciated; however, its true potential is yet to be fully realized. Alongside the growing clinical and research availability of sequencing technologies, precise deep and scalable phenotyping is required to serve unmet need in genetic and rare diseases. To improve the lives of individuals affected with rare diseases through deep phenotyping, global big data interrogation is necessary to aid our understanding of disease biology, assist diagnosis, and develop targeted treatment strategies. This includes the application of cutting-edge machine learning methods to image data. As with most digital …

Advancing Research On Emergency Care Systems In Low-Income And Middle-Income Countries: Ensuring High-Quality Care Delivery Systems, Rachel T. Moresky, Junaid Razzak, Teri Reynolds, Lee A. Wallis, Benjamin Wachira, Mulinda Nyirenda, Waldemar A. Carlo, Janet Lin, Shama Patel, Sanjeev Bhoi, Nicholas Risko, Lily A. Wendle, Emilie J. Calvello Hynes

Emergency Medicine, East Africa

Emergency care systems (ECS) address a wide range of acute conditions, including emergent conditions from communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases, pregnancy and injury. Together, ECS represent an area of great potential for reducing morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). It is estimated that up to 54% of annual deaths in LMICs could be addressed by improved prehospital and facility-based emergency care. Research is needed to identify strategies for enhancing ECS to optimise prevention and treatment of conditions presenting in this context, yet significant gaps persist in defining critical research questions for ECS studies in LMICs. The Collaborative on …

08-12-19 Hsc Committee Meeting Notice, Hsc Committee

HSC Committee (A subcommittee of the UNM Board of Regents)

No abstract provided.

A Hybrid Gis/In Situ Analysis Of Aed Coverage On The Unm Central Campus, Ian T. Hill

Geography ETDs

Automated External Defibrillators (AED’s) are lifesaving devices that can greatly improve the survival rates of cardiac arrest when used quickly. There are publicly accessible AED’s on the UNM campus, and each device has an effective range based on how quickly a responder can retrieve the AED and return it to the site of the cardiac emergency. The ranges of the AED’s on UNM central campus are analyzed using GIS, interior building measurements, and various retrieval speeds. This helps evaluate the current placement of AED’s on campus and helps reveal where future coverage is needed. This focus on the combined navigation …

Short Amylin Receptor Antagonist Peptides Improve Memory Deficits In Alzheimer’S Disease Mouse Model, Rania Soudy, Ryoichi Kimura, Aarti Patel, Wen Fu, Kamaljit Kaur, David Westaway, Jing Yang, Jack Jhamandas

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Recent evidence supports involvement of amylin and the amylin receptor in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We have previously shown that amylin receptor antagonist, AC253, improves spatial memory in AD mouse models. Herein, we generated and screened a peptide library and identified two short sequence amylin peptides (12–14 aa) that are proteolytically stable, brain penetrant when administered intraperitoneally, neuroprotective against Aβ toxicity and restore diminished levels of hippocampal long term potentiation in AD mice. Systemic administration of the peptides for five weeks in aged 5XFAD mice improved spatial memory, reduced amyloid plaque burden, and neuroinflammation. The common residue SQELHRLQTY …

Equine Arteritis Virus Long-Term Persistence Is Orchestrated By Cd8+ T Lymphocyte Transcription Factors, Inhibitory Receptors, And The Cxcl16/Cxcr6 Axis, Mariano Carossino, Pouya Dini, Theodore S. Kalbfleisch, Alan T. Loynachan, Igor F. Canisso, R. Frank Cook, Peter J. Timoney, Udeni B. R. Balasuriya

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Equine arteritis virus (EAV) has the unique ability to establish long-term persistent infection in the reproductive tract of stallions and be sexually transmitted. Previous studies showed that long-term persistent infection is associated with a specific allele of the CXCL16 gene (CXCL16S) and that persistence is maintained despite the presence of local inflammatory and humoral and mucosal antibody responses. Here, we performed transcriptomic analysis of the ampullae, the primary site of EAV persistence in long-term EAV carrier stallions, to understand the molecular signatures of viral persistence. We demonstrated that the local CD8⁺ T lymphocyte response is predominantly orchestrated …

Reliability Of Squat Kinetics In Well-Trained Rugby Players: Implications For Monitoring Training, Brendyn B. Appleby, Stuart J. Cormack, Robert U. Newton

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the within-session reliability in kinetic variables of the squat in well-trained athletes during a typical resistance training protocol. Fifteen subjects completed 2 testing sessions. Session 1 was establishment of 1 repetition maximum (1RM) squat, and session 2 involved 2 sets of 2 maximal effort repetitions of the squat at 70, 80, and 90% of 1RM with 3D motion analysis and ground reaction force (GRF) measurement using 2 in-ground triaxial force plates. Reliability was calculated using typical error ± 90% confidence limits, expressed as the coefficient of variation and intraclass correlation coefficient. The …

A Qualitative Examination Of Prostate Cancer Treatment Decision-Making Among Black Men, Linda Ottley

Nursing ETDs

This ethnographic study explored the experience of treatment decision-making among urban Black men who were diagnosed with prostate cancer in San Diego, California. Specifically, this research was conducted to further understand the decision-making process among Black men and the barriers they face when making treatment decisions about prostate cancer. The study is important because prostate cancer disproportionately affects Black men in the United States, and yet they are underrepresented in research studies (Randolph, Coakley, & Shears, 2018). These inequities are poorly understood and need considerable analysis and exploration. Still unclear is the possible effect of historical trauma or negative healthcare …

Relationship Of Patient Self-Administered Copd Assessment Test To Physician Standard Assessment Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease In A Family Medicine Residency Training Program, Jessica E. Burchette, Ivy A. Click, Leigh Johnson, Sandra Alicia Williams, Brett Tyler Morgan

ETSU Faculty Works

Assessing the global impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on a patient’s life can be difficult to perform in the clinical setting due to time constraints and workflow challenges. The primary objective of this study was to compare disease impact ratings between patient selfadministered COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and physician standard office assessment. This prospective study was conducted at a family medicine residency clinic in northeast Tennessee. The study included two study groups: 1) adult patients seen at the clinic during the 3-month study period with an active diagnosis of COPD, and 2) their physicians. Physicians’ assessment of the …

Wearable Sensors For Monitoring The Internal And External Workload Of The Athlete, Dhruv R. Seshadri, James R. Rowbottom, Celeste Marie Alfes, Christian A. Zorman, Colin K. Drummond

Faculty Scholarship

The convergence of semiconductor technology, physiology, and predictive health analytics from wearable devices has advanced its clinical and translational utility for sports. The detection and subsequent application of metrics pertinent to and indicative of the physical performance, physiological status, biochemical composition, and mental alertness of the athlete has been shown to reduce the risk of injuries and improve performance and has enabled the development of athlete-centered protocols and treatment plans by team physicians and trainers. Our discussions in this review include commercially available devices, as well as those described in scientific literature to provide an understanding of wearable sensors for …

Implementation Of An Evidence-Based, Electronic Clinical Algorithm To Improve Screening, Evaluation, And Referral Of College Students For Depressive Symptoms And An Evaluation Of Differences Based On Sexual Orientation And Gender Identity Data, Chris Webb

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Capstones

The purpose of this project was to improve the screening, evaluation, and referral of college students (LGBTQ+/Heterosexual) for depressive symptoms through the implementation of an evidence-based, electronic clinical algorithm. There is evidence in the literature indicating that there are increased mental health disparities among college students and the LGBTQ+ population. The prevalence of depressive symptoms among university students is higher than the general population, requiring university student health centers to implement enhanced screenings for depressive symptoms and identification of depression predictors. Prior to implementation of this project, a student health clinic in the Southeastern part of the United States used …

Type X Strains Of Toxoplasma Gondii Are Virulent For Southern Sea Otters (Enhydra Lutris Nereis) And Present In Felids From Nearby Watersheds, Karen Shapiro, Elizabeth Vanwormer, Andrea Packham, Erin Dodd, Patricia A. Conrad, Melissa Miller

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Why some Toxoplasma gondii-infected southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) develop fatal toxoplasmosis while others have incidental or mild chronic infections has long puzzled the scientific community. We assessed robust datasets on T. gondii molecular characterization in relation to detailed necropsy and histopathology results to evaluate whether parasite genotype influences pathological outcomes in sea otters that stranded along the central California coast. Genotypes isolated from sea otters were also compared with T. gondii strains circulating in felids from nearby coastal regions to assess land-to-sea parasite transmission. The predominant T. gondii genotypes isolated from 135 necropsied sea otters were atypical Type …

House Calls Are Reaching The Tipping Point — Now We Need The Workforce, Thomas Cornwell

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Home-based primary care (HBPC) improves the lives of high-cost, frail, homebound patients and their caregivers while reducing costs by keeping patients at home and reducing the use of hospitals and nursing homes. Several forces are behind the resurgence of HBPC, including the rapidly aging population, advancements in portable medical technology, evidence showing the value of HBPC, and improved payments for HBPC. There are 2 million to 4 million patients who could benefit from HBPC, but only 12% are receiving it. The number of these patients is expected to double over the next two decades. This requires a larger and better …

Incorporating Home Visits In A Primary Care Residency Clinic: The Patient And Physician Experience, Mary Caitlin St. Clair, Jessica J. F. Kram, Glenda Sundberg

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: Home visits, once a popular but now uncommon form of health care delivery, are on the rise. Few studies have focused on the value the experience brings to resident physicians and their patients.

Methods: A 6-month pilot was conducted with 11 residents who participated in 32 home visits with 11 patients. Patient and resident experiences were captured through a survey following the home visits.

Results: In all, 100% of patients and a majority of residents were very interested in being a part of and incorporating future home visits, respectively. Every patient in the survey said that the visits resulted …

Relationship Of Patient Self-Administered Copd Assessment Test To Physician Standard Assessment Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease In A Family Medicine Residency Training Program, Jessica E. Burchette, Ivy A. Click, Leigh Johnson, S. Alicia Williams, Brett Tyler Morgan

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Assessing the global impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on a patient’s life can be difficult to perform in the clinical setting due to time constraints and workflow challenges. The primary objective of this study was to compare disease impact ratings between patient self-administered COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and physician standard office assessment. This prospective study was conducted at a family medicine residency clinic in northeast Tennessee. The study included two study groups: 1) adult patients seen at the clinic during the 3-month study period with an active diagnosis of COPD, and 2) their physicians. Physicians’ assessment of the …

Celebrating A Quarter-Century Of Public Domain Research: 25th Annual Conference Of The Health Care Systems Research Network, Sarah M. Greene, Carolyn A. Taylor, Suma Vupputuri

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

The 25th annual conference of the Health Care Systems Research Network (HCSRN) was held April 10–12 in Portland, Oregon, attracting 420 attendees. The HCSRN, a consortium of 18 community-based research organizations embedded in or affiliated with large health care delivery systems, has hosted annual research conferences since 1994. The primary objective of the conference is to convene researchers, project staff, funders, and other stakeholders to share latest scientific findings and cultivate new partnerships among research teams, patients, and clinicians. Collaboration is the cornerstone of the HCSRN’s success; the conference serves as a catalyst for a variety of collaborative ventures as …

Cultural Factors Affecting Resilience Of Filipino Immigrant Women, Andrew Reyes

Nursing Faculty Research

This presentation describes the results of a descriptive study exploring the relationship between resilience, acculturative stress, and cultural family beliefs about disclosing mental health problems among Filipino immigrant women living in the United States.

Measuring Patients’ Perceptions Of Health Care Encounters: Examining The Factor Structure Of The Revised Patient Perception Of Patient-Centeredness (Pppc-R) Questionnaire, Bridget L. Ryan, Judith Belle Brown, Paul F. Tremblay, Moira Stewart

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: Given the ongoing desire to make health care more patient-centered and growing evidence supporting the provision of patient-centered care, it is important to have valid tools for measuring patient-centered care. The patient-centered clinical method (PCCM) is a conceptual framework for providing patient-centered care. A revision to the PCCM framework led to a corresponding need to enhance the Patient Perception of Patient-Centeredness (PPPC) questionnaire. The original PPPC was aligned with the components of the PCCM conceptual framework and developed to measure patient-centeredness from the patient’s perspective. The purpose of this study was to examine the factor structure of a revised …

A Letter To My Departed Niece, * Anonymous *

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

The following piece was written in the weeks following the death of the author’s niece. It is an attempt to explore how we as a society handle health crises differently for medical versus mental health diagnoses.

Fetal Fibronectin Testing For Reducing The Risk Of Preterm Birth., Vincenzo Berghella, Gabriele Saccone

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Fetal fibronectin (FFN) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein localized at the maternal-fetal interface of the amniotic membranes, between chorion and decidua, where it is concentrated in this area between decidua and trophoblast. In normal conditions, FFN is found at very low levels in cervicovaginal secretions. Levels greater than or equal to 50 ng/mL at or after 22 weeks have been associated with an increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth. In fact, FFN is one of the best predictors of preterm birth in all populations studied so far, and can help in selecting which women are at significant risk for …

Medical School Watercooler Newsletter - July 28, 2019, Lindsey Lyle

Watercooler Newsletter

This is the July 28, 2019 edition of the Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine's Newsletter - Watercooler.

Contents Include:

Medical diagnosis led to life’s work for USA Health gastroenterologist

USA Health welcomes new interventional radiologist

Research study focuses on precision medicine, prevention

Atrial Fibrillation, Taffiney Adams

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Atrial fibrillation is one of the most common cardiac arrhythmias. From diagnosis to treatment, some risk factors are left unnoticed. Patients need the knowledge to know the signs and symptoms of atrial fibrillation. Nurse Practitioners are in an excellent position to help patients recognize and when to seek medical attention with this cardiac arrhythmia and other disease processes.

Human Papillomavirus (Hpv) And Cervical Cancer, Stephanie Gregorc

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases with more than 100 types. The American Cancer Society (2019) reports, “Most men and women who have ever had sexual contact will get HPV at some time in their lives.” Certain strands are more detrimental than others, however it is important to understand how it spreads and ways to minimize its occurrence. Preventative actions are available to women, such as pap smear screenings, which can allow for early identification and treatment of abnormalities. As an advanced practicing nurse, it is essential to provide education to women surrounding HPV, …

Male Breast Cancer, Angie Blose

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Male breast cancer (MBC) is a disease that claims the lives of many unsuspecting men. MBC affects less than 1% of men only one out of a thousand will be diagnosed with the disease. According to the American Cancer Society (2019) this year, 2,670 men will be diagnosed with breast cancer (MBC) and at least 500 of them will loose their lives to this disease. Most breast cancers in males are diagnosed as ductal carcinomas (Chalasani, 2019). This poster provides insight about risk factors, diagnosis, testing, staging, and signs and symptoms of this disease.

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Erin Branfield

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Abstract

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in females of reproductive age, affecting up to twenty percent of females (McEwen & Hartmann, 2018). Though the pathophysiology of PCOS is not fully understood, several factors such as insulin resistance and increased testosterone levels are prevalent and play a major role in PCOS. PCOS is a complex disease and encompasses many different metabolic, endocrine and reproductive conditions. Common signs and symptoms of PCOS include but are not limited to menstrual cycle disturbances, acne, alopecia and fertility problems (Balen, 2017).

Keywords: PCOS, Polycystic ovarian syndrome, insulin resistance

Alzheimer's Disease, Lisa Cantrell

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Alzheimer’s is a degenerative disease of the brain which affects tens of millions of people around the world. It is estimated to include over 5 million patients in the United States. Over 200,000 patients with Alzheimer’s disease live in Ohio (2019 Alzheimers disease facts and figures, 2019). Treatments are available to slow the devastating effects of the disease. However, there is currently no cure.

Nephrolithiasis, Erin Layton

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Nephrolithiasis, also known as kidney stones and calculi, pose a significant health and financial burden in the United States and worldwide. With the increasing incidence and prevalence of pediatric and adult nephrolithiasis, health care costs and morbidity are expected to rise (Batavia & Tasian, 2016). Once thought to be an isolated condition, nephrolithiasis is now considered to be a systemic disease and a marker for other systemic diseases like cardiovascular disease and hypertension. Furthermore, there is a correlation between nephrolithiasis and obesity, fractures, and chronic kidney disease (Ziemba & Matlaga, 2017). In the case of obstruction of an infected kidney, …

Multiple Sclerosis Pathophysiology, Carolyn Ricketts

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Abstract

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation in the central nervous system and demyelination of the white matter in the brain and spinal cord, leading to lesions and axonal damage, possibly followed by relapse. It is a progressively debilitating disease with a variety of symptoms that mimic other diseases, such as blurred vision, nerve pain, fatigue, weakness, paresthesia, and unsteady gait. It occurs more frequently further from the equator. The pathophysiology of MS is unknown. Several new research theories are emerging which include innate and adaptive immunity playing a role (TH1 and TH17 specifically), infection …