Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Patients’ And Caregivers’ Contested Perspectives On Spiritual Care For Those Affected By Advanced Illnesses: A Qualitative Descriptive Study, Clare O'Callaghan, Joanne Brooker, William De Silva, David Glenister, Adelaide Melia, Xavier Symons, David Kissane, Natasha Michael

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Context; Spiritual care refers to practices and rituals addressing spiritual/religious concerns. It supports coping with loss and finding hope, meaning, and peace. Although integral to palliative care, its implementation is challenging.

Objective: To understand an Australian cohort of patients’ and caregivers’ perspectives about experiencing and optimizing spiritual care in the context of advanced illness.

Methods: Patients and caregivers of patients with #12 month prognosis were recruited from a broader spiritual study via criterion sampling and agreed to opt-in interviews. Participants from an Australian, metropolitan health service received a spiritual care definition and were interviewed. Transcripts were analyzed using qualitative description. …

How Does The Duration Of Consults Vary For Upper Respiratory Tract Infections In General Practice Where An Antibiotic Has Been Prescribed?, Phoebe R. Darlison Shepherd, Catherine J. Krejany, Moyez Jiwa

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Background: There is limited data on the duration of consults resulting in the prescription of antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) in general practice.

Objective: To explore how demographic factors influence consult duration where antibiotics have been prescribed for URTI in Australian general practice.

Methods: 2985 URTI-specific presentations were identified from a national study of patients who were prescribed an antibiotic after presenting to general practice between June and September 2017. Consult duration was analysed to assess for any variation in visit length based on demographic factors.

Results: The overall median consult duration was 11.42 minutes [interquartile range (IQR) …

Impulse Control Disorders In Dopamine Agonist-Treated Hyperprolactinemia: Prevalence And Risk Factors, Sunita M.C De Sousa, John Baranoff, R Louise Rushworth, Jessica Butler, Jane Sorbello, Juanita Vorster, Tanya Thompson, Ann I. Mccormack, Warrick J. Inder, David J. Torpy

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Context: There are growing reports of dopamine agonist (DA)-induced impulse control disorders (ICDs) in hyperprolactinemic patients. However, the magnitude of this risk and predictive factors remain uncertain.

Objective: To determine ICD prevalence and risk factors in DA-treated hyperprolactinemic patients compared to community controls.

Design, Setting and Participants: Multicenter cross-sectional analysis of 113 patients and 99 healthy controls.

Main Outcome Measures: Participants completed a neuropsychological questionnaire consisting of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS21), Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson’s disease (QUIP-S), Hypersexual Behavior Inventory (HBI), Hypersexual Behavior Consequences Scale and Social Desirability Response Set Scale. Demographic and clinical data were …

A Sex-Specific Evaluation Of Predicted Lean And Fat Mass Composition And Cardiovascular Disease Onset And Progression: A Combined Analysis Of The Attica And Greecs Prospective Epidemiological Studies, Matina Kouvari, Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos, Christina Chrysohoou, Venetia Notara, Ekavi N. Georgousopoulou, Mary Yannakoulia, Dimitrios Tousoulis, Christos Pitsavos

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Objectives: To evaluate the association of predicted lean and fat mass on 10-year first and recurrent CVD incidence separately for men and women.

Methods: Two prospective studies, ATTICA (2002-2012, n = 3042 subjects free-of-CVD, n = 1514 men (46 ± 13 years) and n = 1528 women (45 ± 14 years)) and GREECS (2004-2014, n = 2172 subjects with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), n = 1649 men (65 ± 13 years) and n = 523 women (62 ± 11 years)) were used. Lean mass index (LMI) and fat mass index (FMI) were created through total body lean and fat mass …

Exposure To Second Hand Smoke And 10-Year (2002–2012) Incidence Of Cardiovascular Disease In Never Smokers: The Attica Cohort Study, Elena Critselis, Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos, Ekavi N. Georgousopoulou, Paraskevi Katsaounou, Christina Chrysohoou, Christos Pitsavos

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Background: Despite WHO Framework Convention of Tobacco Control (FCTC) adoption, effective implementation of national smoking bans remains pending in several countries. This study quantified the association of second hand smoke (SHS) exposure and 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) among never smokers in such settings.

Methods: In 2001–2002, a sample of 1514 males and 1528 females (range: 18–89 years old) were randomly selected in Greece. Frequency and duration of SHS exposure (i.e. exposure extending >30 min/day) within the home and/or workplace were assessed by interview. Following a 10-year follow-up period (2002–2012), incidence of non-fatal and fatal CVD (ICD-10) was evaluated among n …

Lipoprotein (A) And 10-Year Cardiovascular Disease Incidence In Apparently Healthy Individuals: A Sex-Based Sensitivity Analysis From Attica Cohort Study, Matina Kouvari, Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos, Christina Chrysohoou, Ekavi N. Georgousopoulou, Mary Yannakoulia, Dimitrios Tousoulis, Christos Pitsavos

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

The association between lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) and 10-year first fatal/nonfatal cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in apparently healthy men and women was evaluated. The ATTICA prospective study was conducted during 2001-2012 and included n = 1514 men and n = 1528 women (age >18 years) from the greater Athens area, Greece. Follow-up CVD assessment (2011-2012) was achieved in n = 2020 participants (n = 317 cases); baseline Lp(a) was measured in n = 1890 participants. The recommended threshold of 50 mg/dL was used to define abnormal Lp(a) status. Ten-year CVD-event rate was 14% and 24% in participants with Lp(a)Lp(a) ≥50 mg/dL, …

Investigating Risk Factors And Predicting Complications In Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery With Machine Learning Algorithms, Farrokh Farrokhi, Quinlan D. Buchlak, Matt Sikora, Nazanin Esmaili, Maria Marsans, Pamela Mcleod, Jamie Mark, Emily Cox, Christine Bennett, Jonathan Carlson

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery is an option for patients experiencing medically resistant neurological symptoms. DBS complications are rare; finding significant predictors requires a large number of surgeries. Machine learning algorithms may be used to effectively predict these outcomes. The aims of this study were to (1) investigate preoperative clinical risk factors, and (2) build machine learning models to predict adverse outcomes.

Methods: This multicenter registry collected clinical and demographic characteristics of patients undergoing DBS surgery (n=501) and tabulated occurrence of complications. Logistic regression was used to evaluate risk factors. Supervised learning algorithms were trained and validated on 70% …

Primary Open Abductor Reconstruction - A 5-10 Year Study, Olivia J.K Fox, Graeme Wertheimer, Michael Walsh

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Background: Gluteal tears are recognised as the source of pain over the greater trochanter. We investigated the outcome of primary open abductor tendon reconstruction with a 5 year follow-up.

Methods: 165 consecutive hips underwent an open abductor tendon reconstruction, with all tears confirmed pre-operatively by MRI. Oxford hip scores (OHS) were assessed at the initial visit, and at 5 to 10 years.

Results: The average pre-operative OHS was 22 (r: 7y – 34y) and average post-operative OHS was 40 a difference of 18 (p<0.0001).

Conclusion: Surgical reconstruction of degenerate abductor tendons should be considered in the presence of an MRI …

'Through The Eyes Of The Dying' - Identifying Who May Benefit From Bereavement Follow-Up: A Qualitative Study, Jane L. Phillips, Elizabeth A. Lobb, Francis Bellemore, Terrence Hays, David C. Currow

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Introduction: Bereavement support is an integral element of palliative care. Emerging evidence stipulates that bereavement support should be reserved for those most at risk of poor outcomes. While this evidence makes identifying those at risk of experiencing a complex bereavement a necessary first step, it has been difficult to arrive at a consensus as to whom that should be.

Aim: To explore whether palliative care in-patients with advanced disease are concerned about the bereavement needs of others and, if so, is it their next-of-kin.

Design: A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews, and thematic analysis using a constant comparative method.

Setting/participants: …

My Patients Prepared Me Well, Meagan E. Brennan

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

“When doctors become patients, they shouldn’t be surprised that the experience is frightening, undignified and disempowering.”

Stories of doctors experiencing illness are common. Major illness is life-changing for most people, and the impact on doctors can be particularly profound.1–5 But why do so many doctors seemingly have to experience a life-threatening illness before they truly develop empathy? Despite years spent caring for patients, why is it that it takes their own illness to realise that being unwell can be frightening and demoralising for the soul as well as wreaking havoc on the body?

P450 Oxidoreductase Deficiency: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Of Genotypes, Phenotypes And Their Relationships, Benjamin Dean, Georgina L. Chrisp, Maria Quartararo, Ann M. Maguire, Shihab Hameed, Bruce R. King, Craig F. Munns, David J. Torpy, Henrik Falhammar, R Louise Rushworth

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Context: P450 oxidoreductase deficiency (PORD) is a rare genetic disorder that is associated with significant morbidity. However there has been limited analysis of reported PORD cases.

Objective: To determine, based on the cohort of reported PORD cases, genotype-phenotype relationships for skeletal malformations, maternal virilisation in pregnancy, adrenal insufficiency and disorders of sexual development (DSD).

Data Sources: PubMed and Web of Science from January 2004 to February 2018.

Study Selection: Published case reports/series of patients with PORD. Eligible patients were unique, had biallelic mutations and their clinical features reported.

Data Extraction: Patient data were manually extracted from the text of case …

Combining Unassisted And Robot-Guided Practice Benefits Motor Learning For A Golf Putting Task, Stephen R. Bested, Gerome A. Manson, Luc Tremblay

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Robotic guidance has been employed with limited effectiveness in neurologically intact and patient populations. For example, our lab has effectively used robotic guidance to acutely improve movement smoothness of a discrete trajectory without influencing movement endpoint distributions. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the efficacy of combining robotic guidance and unassisted trials in the learning of a golf putting task. Participants completed a pre-test, an acquisition phase, and an immediate and delayed (24-hour) post-test. During the pre-test, kinematic data from the putter was converted into highly accurate, consistent, and smooth trajectories delivered by a robot arm. During …

Familial Hypercholesterolaemia In 2020: A Leading Tier 1 Genomic Application, Jing Pang, David R. Sullivan, Tom Brett, Karam M. Kostner, David L. Hare, Gerald F. Watts

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is caused by a major genetic defect in the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) clearance pathway. Characterised by LDL-cholesterol elevation from birth, FH confers a significant risk for premature coronary artery disease (CAD) if overlooked and untreated. With risk exposure beginning at birth, early detection and intervention is crucial for the prevention of CAD. Lowering LDL-cholesterol with lifestyle and statin therapy can reduce the risk of CAD. However, most individuals with FH will not reach guideline recommended LDL-cholesterol targets. FH has an estimated prevalence of approximately 1:250 in the community. Multiple strategies are required for screening, diagnosing and treating …

Eliminating Hepatitis C: Part 2. Assessing Your Patient For Antiviral Treatment, Chloe Layton, Jacqui Richmond, David Baker, Louise Owen, Gail Matthews, Erin Oliver-Landry, Jessica Howell, Joseph Doyle

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

With the introduction of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in Australia in 2016, most people with chronic hepatitis C can be cured of this infection. GPs and suitably qualified nurse practitioners working in all areas of primary care have a key role in identifying, testing and treating their patients with hepatitis C. The previous article in this series discussed how to identify your patients with hepatitis C. This article provides practical advice on assessing a patient after diagnosis in preparation for DAA therapy. This includes determining whether they can be safely treated in general practice or require specialist referral.

Managing Anxiety Disorders In Adults, Gregory Wilkins, Gavin Andrews, Caroline Bell, Philip Boyce, Christopher Gale, Ronald Rapee, Lisa Lampe

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

The GP has a key role in identifying patients presenting with anxiety symptoms and ensuring appropriate acute and long-term management. There are two key messages for GPs to follow: once you have made a diagnosis of an anxiety disorder, tell the patient you have a treatment for it. Second, do not let your anxiety lead you to prescribe inappropriately or overinvestigate for all possible differential diagnoses.

The Potential Therapeutic Effects Of Creatine Supplementation On Body Composition And Muscle Function In Cancer, C M. Fairman, K L. Kendall, Nicolas H. Hart, D R. Taaffe, D A. Galvao, R U. Newton

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

Low muscle mass in individuals with cancer has a profound impact on quality of life and independence and is associated with greater treatment toxicity and poorer prognosis. Exercise interventions are regularly being investigated as a means to ameliorate treatment-related adverse effects, and nutritional/supplementation strategies to augment adaptations to exercise are highly valuable. Creatine (Cr) is a naturally-occurring substance in the human body that plays a critical role in energy provision during muscle contraction. Given the beneficial effects of Cr supplementation on lean body mass, strength, and physical function in a variety of clinical populations, there is therapeutic potential in individuals …

Vitamin D Enzymes (Cyp27a1, Cyp27b1 And Cyp24a1) And Receptor Expression In Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer, Natalie Nemazannikova, Gregory L. Blatch, Crispin R. Dass, Rodney Sinclair, Vasso Apostolopoulos

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

No abstract available for this paper.

Treatment, Prevention And Public Health Management Of Impetigo, Scabies, Crusted Scabies And Fungal Skin Infections In Endemic Populations: A Systematic Review, Philippa J. May, Steven Y.C Tong, Andrew C. Steer, Bart J. Currie, Ross M. Andrews, Jonathan R. Carapetis, Asha C. Bowen

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

We conducted a systematic review of the treatment, prevention and public health control of skin infections including impetigo, scabies, crusted scabies and tinea in resource-limited settings where skin infections are endemic. The aim is to inform strategies, guidelines and research to improve skin health in populations that are inequitably affected by infections of the skin and the downstream consequences of these. The systematic review is reported according to the PRISMA statement. From

1759 titles identified, 81 full text studies were reviewed and key findings outlined for impetigo, scabies, crusted scabies and tinea. Improvements in primary care and public health management …

In Their Own Words: A Qualitative Study Exploring Influences On The Food Choices Of University Students, Michelle Lambert, Paola Chivers, Fiona Farringdon

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

Issue addressed: University students generally make independent decisions regarding food choices. Current research about knowledge of Australian Dietary Guidelines (ADG), sources of nutrition information and influences on food choices for this group is scarce.

Methods: Qualitative data were collected from gender‐separated focus groups comprising four female (n = 31) and four male (n = 18) to identify: knowledge of ADG; sources of nutrition information; factors that influence food choices; perceived relevant nutrition messages and how best to deliver them.

Results: Gaps in knowledge were identified particularly regarding number of serves and serving size for food groups. Social media was the …

Elevated Serum Homocysteine Levels Have Differential Gender-Specific Associations With Motor And Cognitive States In Parkinson’S Disease, Megan C. Bakeberg, Alexa Jefferson, Maddeson Riley, Michelle Byrnes, Soumya Ghosh, Frank L. Mastaglia, Malcom K. Horne, Sarah Mcgregor, Rick Stell, Jade Kenna, Sue Walters, Dana Hince, Ryan S. Anderton

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

Background: Studies attempting to elucidate an association between homocysteine and symptom progression in Parkinson’s disease (PD) have had largely discrepant findings. This study aimed to investigate elevated serum homocysteine levels and symptom progression in a cohort of PD patients.

Methods: Serum homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B12 levels were measured in 205 people with PD and 78 age-matched healthy controls. People with Parkinson’s disease underwent a battery of clinical assessments to evaluate symptom severity, including motor (MDS-UPDRS) and cognitive (ACE-R) assessments. Multivariate generalized linear models were created, controlling for confounding variables, and were used to determine whether serum markers are associated …

Clinical Specialty Training In Uk Undergraduate Medical Schools: A Retrospective Observational Study, Hrisheekesh J. Vaidya, Alexander W. Emery, Emma C. Alexander, Angus J. Mcdonnell, Charlotte Burford, Max Bulsara

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

Objectives: To determine if increased exposure to clinical specialties at medical school is associated with increased interest in pursuing that specialty as a career after foundation training.

Design: A retrospective observational study.

Setting: 31 UK medical schools were asked how much time students spend in each of the clinical specialties. We excluded two schools that were solely Graduate Entry, and two schools were excluded for insufficient information.

Main outcome measures: Time spent on clinical placement from UK undergraduate medical schools, and the training destinations of graduates from each school. A general linear model was used to …

Morbidity After Surgical Management Of Cervical Cancer In Low And Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Emma R. Allanson, Aime Powell, Max Bulsara, Hong Lim Lee, Lynette Denny, Yee Leung, Paul Cohen

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

Objective: To investigate morbidity for patients after the primary surgical management of cervical cancer in low and middle-income countries (LMIC).

Methods: The Pubmed, Cochrane, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, LILACS and CINAHL were searched for published studies from 1st Jan 2000 to 30th June 2017 reporting outcomes of surgical management of cervical cancer in LMIC. Randomeffects meta-analytical models were used to calculate pooled estimates of surgical complications including blood transfusions, ureteric, bladder, bowel, vascular and nerve injury, fistulae and thromboembolic events. Secondary outcomes included five-year progression free (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Findings: Data were available …

Microglia Are Both A Source And Target Of Extracellular Cyclophilin A, Gurkiran Kaur Flora, Ryan S. Anderton, Bruno P. Meloni, Gilles J. Guillemin, Neville W. Knuckey, Gabriella Macdougall, Vance Matthews, Sherif Boulos

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

Glioblastoma (GBM) are lethal primary brain tumours whose pathogenesis is aided, at least partly, via a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment. This study investigated whether microglia, a cell component of the GBM microenvironment, mediates pro-tumorigenic properties via the action of cyclophilin A (CypA), a potent secretable chemokine and cytoprotectant that signals via the cell surface receptor, CD147. To this end, intracellular and secreted CypA expression was assessed in human primary microglia and BV2 microglial cells treated with the endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the oxidative stress inducer, LY83583. We report that human primary microglia and BV2 microglia both express CypA and CD147, and that …

Increased Risk Of Blood Transfusion In Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Sustaining Non-Major Burn Injury, Linda Mai, Katrina Spilsbury, Dale W. Edgar, Aaron Berghuber, Fiona M. Wood

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

Background: Due to the increased mortality and morbidity associated with blood transfusion, identifying modifiable predictors of transfusion are vital to prevent or minimise blood use. We hypothesised that burn patients with diabetes mellitus were more likely to be prescribed a transfusion. These patients tend to have increased age, number of comorbidities, infection risk and need for surgery which are all factors reported previously to be associated with blood use.

Objective: To determine whether patients with diabetes mellitus who have sustained a burn ≤20% total body surface area (TBSA) are at higher risk of receiving red blood cell transfusion compared to …

Proteomic Analysis Of Cortical Neuronal Cultures Treated With Poly-Arginine Peptide-18 (R18) And Exposed To Glutamic Acid Excitotoxicity, Gabriella Macdougall, Ryan S. Anderton, Frank L. Mastaglia, Neville W. Knuckey, Bruno P. Meloni

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

Poly-arginine peptide-18 (R18) has recently emerged as a highly effective neuroprotective agent in experimental stroke models, and is particularly efficacious in protecting cortical neurons against glutamic acid excitotoxicity. While we have previously demonstrated that R18 can reduce excitotoxicity-induced neuronal calcium influx, other molecular events associated with R18 neuroprotection are yet to investigated. Therefore, in this study we were particularly interested in protein expression changes in R18 treated neurons subjected to excitotoxicity. Proteomic analysis was used to compare protein expression patterns in primary cortical neuronal cultures subjected to: (i) R18-treatment alone (R18); (ii) glutamic acid excitotoxic injury (Glut); (iii) R18-treatment and …

Altered Gut Microbiome In Parkinson's Disease And The Influence Of Lipopolysaccharide In A Human Α-Synuclein Over-Expressing Mouse Model, Anastazja M. Gorecki, Leah Preskey, Megan C. Bakeberg, Jade E. Kenna, Christi Gildenhuys, Gabriella Macdougall, Sarah A. Dunlop, Frank L. Mastaglia, P Anthony Akkari, Frank Koengten, Ryan S. Anderton

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

The interaction between the gut microbiota and alpha-synuclein (αSyn) aggregation in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is receiving increasing attention. The objective of this study was to investigate gut microbiota, and effects of an inflammatory lipopolysaccharide (LPS) trigger in a human αSyn over-expressing mouse model of PD (Thy1-αSyn). Stool samples from patients with confirmed PD and Thy1-αSyn mice were analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Compared to healthy controls, the relative abundance of mucin-degrading Verrucomicrobiae and LPS-producing Gammaproteobacteria were greater in PD patients. In mice, the abundance of Gammaproteobacteria was negligible in both Thy1-αSyn and wild-type (WT) animals, while Verrucomicrobiae were reduced …

Value Of Dedicated Research Time For Imgs In Obtaining Surgical Residency Training Positions: A 10-Year Review Of Applicants From A Medical College In Pakistan, Mohammad Raheel Jajja, Marvi Tariq, Salila Shoaib Hashmi, Thomas F. Dodson, Rashida Ahmed

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Objective: International Medical Graduates (IMGs) secured greater than 10% of all general surgery (GS) residency positions in the US during the past decade. The Match process remains competitive, with a significant number of IMGs performing dedicated research before residency application. The impact of such research remains largely unknown. We aimed to provide an objective analysis of the impact of dedicated research time on obtaining a categorical GS residency position.
Design: Data for National Resident Matching Program Match results from 2008-2017 was compiled from annual Match lists of the Aga Khan University, Medical College (Karachi, Pakistan). Medical graduates provided this information …

Plastome-Wide Rearrangements And Gene Losses In Carnivorous Droseraceae, Paul G. Nevill, Katharine A. Howell, Adam T. Cross, Anna V. Williams, Xiao Zhong, Julian Tonti-Filippini, Laura M. Boykin, Kingsley W. Dixon, Ian Small

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

The plastid genomes of four related carnivorous plants (Drosera regia, Drosera erythrorhiza, Aldrovanda vesiculosa and Dionaea muscipula) were sequenced to examine changes potentially induced by the transition to carnivory. The plastid genomes of the Droseraceae show multiple rearrangements, gene losses and large expansions or contractions of the inverted repeat. All the ndh genes are lost or non-functional, as well as in some of the species, clpP1, ycf1, ycf2 and some tRNA genes. Uniquely amongst land plants, the trnK gene has no intron. Carnivory in the Droseraceae coincides with changes in plastid gene content similar …

The Relationship Between Physical Activity And Cardiorespiratory Fitness Among People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Throughout The Life Span, Allison R. Webel, Joseph Perazzo, J. Craig Phillips, Kathleen M. Nokes, Cynthia Rentrope, Rebecca Schnall, Rita Musanti, Kimberly Adams Tufts, Elizabeth Sefcik, Mary Jane Hamilton, Carmen Portillo, Puangtip Chaiphibalsarisdi, Penelope Orton, Liana Davis, Carol Dawson Rose

Ellmer School of Nursing Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: People living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) are at an increased risk for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in PLHIV are poorly understood.

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to describe physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness by sex and age and to examine the association between physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in PLHIV, controlling for covariates.

METHODS: Seven hundred two PLHIV participated in a cross-sectional study and completed validated measures of self-reported physical activity (7-day Physical Activity Recall) and cardiorespiratory fitness (6-minute walk test). Participants were recruited from 7 diverse sites in the United …

Predictors Of Experimental And Control Group Attendance: Findings From An Hiv/Std Prevention Rct With Pregnant Women At Risk For Substance Use, Jaclyn S. Sadicario

Theses and Dissertations

Efforts to improve inclusion in research have included mandating the recruitment of ethnic minorities and women into NIH funded studies. However, little research has been completed on who attends such interventions. This is particularly worrisome in populations for which attendance to interventions can have dire consequences. HIV is a public health concern for pregnant women in substance using communities, as pregnant women are much less likely to use condoms during intercourse to prevent HIV. Group modular HIV prevention interventions have long been the standard for HIV prevention. However, little attention in research on HIV prevention interventions RCTs has been focused …