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2019

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Articles 14791 - 14820 of 16114

Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

Modulation Of Klotho Affects Dendritic Spine Remodeling And Neuronal Network Activity, Hai T. Vo Jan 2019

Modulation Of Klotho Affects Dendritic Spine Remodeling And Neuronal Network Activity, Hai T. Vo

All ETDs from UAB

Klotho protein expression has profound effects on lifespan where klotho-deficient mice exhibit premature aging phenotypes and live only to ~8 weeks of age while klotho-overexpressing mice have lifespans that are at least 20% longer than wild-type mice. Klotho expression also has similar effects on cognitive function as klotho-deficient mice develop cognitive impairment by 7 weeks of age and klotho-overexpressing mice show enhanced cognitive function. These effects also extend to humans as polymorphisms that alter circulating levels of klotho have likewise effects on lifespan and brain function. Despite the fact that modulation of klotho expression has reciprocal effects on cognitive function, …

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Novel Biomarkers For Parkinson Disease, Shijie Wang Jan 2019

Novel Biomarkers For Parkinson Disease, Shijie Wang

All ETDs from UAB

Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder with no reliable biochemical biomarkers for disease prediction or progression, nor disease-modifying treatments to slow the relentless progression. Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are known to increase LRRK2 kinase activity and increase the risk for late-onset PD. In this thesis, I discovered that LRRK2 is secreted into exosomes in urine and CSF, where LRRK2 kinase activity, reflected by autophosphorylation at pS1292 site, is preserved and reflective of cytosolic LRRK2 levels. In a cohort of biosamples from LRRK2 mutation carriers and matched controls, with and without PD, …

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Using Peptide Mimetics To Probe Protein-Protein Interactions Significant In Cancers, Robert H. Whitaker Jan 2019

Using Peptide Mimetics To Probe Protein-Protein Interactions Significant In Cancers, Robert H. Whitaker

All ETDs from UAB

Protein-protein interactions are critical for cell life. One aspect of cellular regulation where such protein-protein interactions occur is in the highly regulated process of programmed cell death (or apoptosis). Apoptosis is critical for normal tissue homeostasis, differentiation, and if dysregulated is a driver of disease including cancers. At the center of apoptotic regulation is the BCL2 protein family whose intra-familial protein-protein interactions balance cell stress signaling either allowing the cell to survive or inducing mitochondrial cell death. These BCL2 protein interactions are accomplished through the BH3 motif. While unique to the BCL2 family, a similar motif, the reverse BH3, has …

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A Crisis In Care: Evaluating The Causes And Consequences Of Burnout Among Emergency Physicians, Michael Allyn Wiechart Jan 2019

A Crisis In Care: Evaluating The Causes And Consequences Of Burnout Among Emergency Physicians, Michael Allyn Wiechart

All ETDs from UAB

For many physicians, the growing list of mandates and the unrelenting pace of change in today’s health care have taken a toll, leading to burnout. The consequences of burnout extend well beyond the impact on the individual provider, with physician burnout linked to a decrease in patient satisfaction, an increase in preventable medical errors, and increased levels of staff turnover. Consequently, the high rates of burnout reported among U.S. physicians might be considered not only as a symptom of dysfunction in the health care delivery system but also as a factor contributing to the dysfunction. While burnout exists to a …

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Examining Web-Based Lifestyle Interventions For Cancer Survivors, Victoria Williams Jan 2019

Examining Web-Based Lifestyle Interventions For Cancer Survivors, Victoria Williams

All ETDs from UAB

Diet, physical activity, and body weight status are important modifiable risk factors for many health outcomes among cancer survivors, including cancer recurrence. Face-to-face, print, and mailed lifestyle interventions have been used to promote behavior change in cancer survivors successfully. However, such approaches are costly and have limited reach. Web-based lifestyle interventions represent a promising solution to this public health concern. Therefore, this project involved first reviewing and identifying gaps in the existing literature in this area and then developing and pilot testing a web-based lifestyle intervention for cancer survivors. For this three-part dissertation, study 1 was a narrative review of …

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Occupational Health Outcomes In Women Living With And At Risk For Hiv, Jenni Wise Jan 2019

Occupational Health Outcomes In Women Living With And At Risk For Hiv, Jenni Wise

All ETDs from UAB

Women living with HIV (WLWH) are now able to work and need to work to attain the fruitful benefits of employment. Regardless of the need for income, employment provides esteem, confidence, structure, social support, and is associated with improved physical and psychological outcomes. Yet, in spite of the documented benefits associated with employment, an estimated 60% of WLWH are not employed. Thus, occupational disparities among WLWH contribute to disparities in health and quality of life among this population. While the historical trajectory of HIV is unique compared to other populations with chronic disease, evidence suggests that gender-specific difference in socioeconomic, …

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Ventral Hippocampal Input To The Medial Prefrontal Cortex Regulates Social Memory, Mary Leann Phillips Jan 2019

Ventral Hippocampal Input To The Medial Prefrontal Cortex Regulates Social Memory, Mary Leann Phillips

All ETDs from UAB

Both the ventral hippocampus (vHIP) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are active participants in the neural circuitry activated by social interaction, and are both necessary for certain aspects of social behavior. Additionally, synaptic projections from the ventral hippocampus (vHIP) to the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are implicated in several neuropsychiatric disorders. Using the Mecp2 knockout (KO) mouse model of Rett syndrome, an autism-associated disorder with network level deficits in the vHIP and mPFC as well as aberrant social behavior, we strove to determine the role of vHIP-mPFC in social behavior. Here, we show that the vHIP-mPFC projection is hyperactive in …

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Investigating The Relationship Between Nurse Burnout And Self-Reported Medication Administration Errors In Alabama Hospitals, Aoyjai Prapanjaroensin Jan 2019

Investigating The Relationship Between Nurse Burnout And Self-Reported Medication Administration Errors In Alabama Hospitals, Aoyjai Prapanjaroensin

All ETDs from UAB

Background: Approximately 30% to 60% of nurses report high levels of burnout worldwide. Nurse burnout may impact vigilance and job performance. Nursing job performance may decrease due to lowered alertness if nurses have high levels of burnout, and this issue may be related to the act of committing a medication error. Of the very few studies exploring the relationship between nurse burnout and medication errors, the findings are conflicting. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between nurse work environment characteristics, burnout levels and self-reported medication administration errors as well as patient safety grades among nursing staff …

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The Closed Eye As A Model For Dry Eye Disease, Cameron Kenneth Postnikoff Jan 2019

The Closed Eye As A Model For Dry Eye Disease, Cameron Kenneth Postnikoff

All ETDs from UAB

Every night, during sleep, the tears of the closed eye become significantly more inflammatory, with a notable influx of neutrophils. Preliminary studies suggested that these neutrophils were significantly different than blood-isolated neutrophils, with an increased concentration, upregulated surface expression of inflammatory membrane receptors, but inability to respond to inflammatory stimuli. The purpose of this dissertation was to better understand the contribution of this neutrophil population to ocular surface homeostasis and dry eye disease. Chapter One presents an introduction to the tear film and ocular surface, along with an introduction to dry eye disease and neutrophil biology. Chapter One also discusses …

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Impact Of Environmental Exposures On Respiratory Health, Lawrence Rasmussen Jan 2019

Impact Of Environmental Exposures On Respiratory Health, Lawrence Rasmussen

All ETDs from UAB

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Cigarette smoking is a leading cause of COPD; similarly, individuals exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS) are also vulnerable to COPD and other airway diseases; however, distinct molecular mechanisms involved in SHS-induced lung effects that result in COPD are poorly understood. Mucociliary clearance (MCC) is a primary lung defense against inhaled particulate matter and pathogens. Thus, understanding how inhaled irritants such as SHS disrupt MCC will promote improved scientific understanding and better public health initiatives to prevent respiratory illnesses. Using a variety of in vitro …

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Pannexin 1 Channel Inhibition To Prevent Triggered Arrhythmia, Grace Elizabeth Salzer Jan 2019

Pannexin 1 Channel Inhibition To Prevent Triggered Arrhythmia, Grace Elizabeth Salzer

All ETDs from UAB

The mechanism of triggered arrhythmia generation involves inappropriate diastolic calcium (Ca2+) releases from the sarcoplasmic reticulum that promote membrane depolarization when the released Ca2+ is transported out of the cardiomyocyte via the sodium Ca2+ exchanger (NCX). If membrane depolarization is large enough, these events can trigger an ectopic action potential. However, it is not fully understood what physiological factors facilitate triggered events at the tissue level. Pannexin 1 (Px1), a large transmembrane conductance channel, can be activated by various stimuli including increases in intracellular Ca2+. We predict that during diastolic Ca2+ releases, Px1 becomes activated and together with the NCX, …

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Transcriptional Dynamics Of Dopaminergic Signaling, Katherine Elizabeth Savell Jan 2019

Transcriptional Dynamics Of Dopaminergic Signaling, Katherine Elizabeth Savell

All ETDs from UAB

Drugs of abuse increase dopamine concentrations in the nucleus accumbens, a key reward structure that integrates contextual and cue-related information and regulates motivated behavior. This surge of dopamine triggers cell signaling cascades that converge in the nucleus to cause changes in gene expression, which are thought to lead to the observed functional and structural alterations in the reward circuit after exposure to drugs of abuse. However, while various drugs of abuse cause transcriptional changes, previously available tools have not had the capacity to deeply characterize these gene programs. Therefore, we optimized a dual lentivirus CRISPR system for targeted gene modulation …

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Intracellular Compartment-Specific Abnormalities In Proteasome Expression And Activity In The Superior Temporal Gyrus In Schizophrenia, Madeline R. Scott Jan 2019

Intracellular Compartment-Specific Abnormalities In Proteasome Expression And Activity In The Superior Temporal Gyrus In Schizophrenia, Madeline R. Scott

All ETDs from UAB

Protein homeostasis is an emerging component of schizophrenia (SZ) pathophysiology. Proteomic alterations in SZ are well-documented; however the underlying mechanism driving these changes remains unknown. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is fundamental to protein homeostasis regulation, and UPS transcript abnormalities in both blood and brain have been observed in SZ. Supporting a role for UPS dysfunction in SZ, we have reported decreased protein expression of ubiquitin-associated proteins in SZ brain. However, previous work on the proteasome has been limited to transcript expression. In the following studies we sought to address this gap in knowledge by characterizing proteasome dysfunction in the …

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Novel Approaches To Enhance Translational Readthrough Efficacy For Cystic Fibrosis Nonsense Mutations, Jyoti Sharma Jan 2019

Novel Approaches To Enhance Translational Readthrough Efficacy For Cystic Fibrosis Nonsense Mutations, Jyoti Sharma

All ETDs from UAB

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic autosomal recessive disease caused by over 1,900 naturally occurring variants in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). CFTR is an epithelial anion channel which regulates the movement of chloride and bicarbonate ions. Mutations in the CFTR causes diminished CFTR protein and/or reduced CFTR function that lead to clinical manifestations. These include severe epithelial dysfunction of multiple tissues, including the lungs, intestine, pancreas, and reproductive organs. Premature termination codons (PTC), or nonsense mutations, are among the most severe CFTR variants and occur in ~11% of the CF population. PTCs are caused by the presence of …

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Using Real-Time Visual Biofeedback For Second Language Instruction, Shawn L. Nissen, Rebecca Nissen Jan 2019

Using Real-Time Visual Biofeedback For Second Language Instruction, Shawn L. Nissen, Rebecca Nissen

Faculty Publications

This demonstration will illustrate how using real-time visual biofeedback, through a relatively new type of electropalatographic (EPG) sensor, might facilitate improved pronunciation for learners of a second language (L2). The manner in which the EPG sensor is created and its use to track lingua-palatal articulation patterns will be described to individuals. This presentation will also include an explanation of how a student can visualize the contact patterns of their speech using the associated instructional software. A brief tutorial on the features of the instructional software will also be explained during the “show and tell” presentation.

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Designing And Implementing Inclusive Community-Based Health Promotion Intiatives, Cassandra Herman Jan 2019

Designing And Implementing Inclusive Community-Based Health Promotion Intiatives, Cassandra Herman

All ETDs from UAB

Background: People with disabilities (PWDs) have poorer health outcomes, yet are they are underserved by public health initiatives. PWDs face numerous barriers to participation in community-based health programs despite mounting evidence about these barriers along with recommendations and guidelines to become more inclusive of disability. Policy, system, and environmental (PSE) changes that are inclusive of PWDs can help create access to health promotion programs for PWDs. Systematically implementing inclusive PSE changes using implementation science principles can support effective and sustainable changes are implemented for each unique community context. The purpose of this dissertation is to explore the experiences of public …

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Beyond English Only: Addressing Language Interpretation In Professional Psychology Training, Timothy B. Smith, Clay A. Frandsen, Derek Griner, Domenech Rodriguez, Guillermo Bernal Jan 2019

Beyond English Only: Addressing Language Interpretation In Professional Psychology Training, Timothy B. Smith, Clay A. Frandsen, Derek Griner, Domenech Rodriguez, Guillermo Bernal

Faculty Publications

Professional guidelines direct that psychologists working with clients with limited English proficiency should involve an interpreter if a mental health professional fluent in the client’s language is unavailable. However, complexities of interpreted therapy require training. We describe nine relevant areas of trainee skill acquisition and also surveyed 102 multicultural course instructors in APA-accredited psychology programs regarding current professional training. Only 55 (54%) instructors reported providing any training on working with language interpreters, with 16 (16%) providing more than 2 hours of training. Instructors ranked nine proposed skill areas and gave recommendations for over coming barriers and working with interpreters to …

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Structural And Functional Insights Into Influenza A Virus Ns1-Mediated Rig-I Antagonism, Alexander Jureka Jan 2019

Structural And Functional Insights Into Influenza A Virus Ns1-Mediated Rig-I Antagonism, Alexander Jureka

All ETDs from UAB

The influenza virus non-structural protein 1 is well known to antagonize the host innate immune response through its interaction with the innate immune sensor, retinoic acid induc-ible gene I (RIG-I). While the complete mechanism of the NS1:RIG-I interaction remains unclear, we were the first to demonstrate a direct interaction between the NS1 RNA-binding domain (NS1RBD) from the 1918H1N1 influenza virus and the second caspase activa-tion and recruitment domain (CARD2) of RIG-I using NMR. In addition, we also identi-fied that mutation of Arg 21 in the 1918H1N1 NS1RBD to Gln (R21Q) completely abrogated the NS1:CARD2 interaction. Given that CARD2 plays a …

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Marcks Effector Domain: Functions In Glioblastoma Progression And Novel Cytolytic Therapy, Nicholas James Eustace Jan 2019

Marcks Effector Domain: Functions In Glioblastoma Progression And Novel Cytolytic Therapy, Nicholas James Eustace

All ETDs from UAB

Glioblastoma (GBM; grade IV astrocytoma) is the most common primary adult brain malignancy and remains incurable despite tremendous advances in our understanding of this heterogeneous disease. In this dissertation, we explore the challenges encountered in the treatment of GBM and discuss a promising new therapeutic approach gleaned from studies of the phospholipid binding “effector” domain (ED) of the protein Myristoylated alanine-rich protein C kinase substrate (MARCKS). Following an introduction to central nervous system (CNS) tumors and the grading of diffuse gliomas, we explain how recent advancements to our understanding of the cellular and molecular composition of CNS tu-mors, and the …

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Wear Of Orthodontic Bite Turbos And Opposing Enamel, Kyle Feagin Jan 2019

Wear Of Orthodontic Bite Turbos And Opposing Enamel, Kyle Feagin

All ETDs from UAB

Orthodontic bite turbos are used to separate the maxillary and mandibular arches when disocclusion is needed for facial placement of orthodontic brackets or extrusion of teeth. The bite turbo should have adequate wear resistance to maintain the disocclusion but also avoid abrasion of the opposing enamel. The objective of this study was to measure the wear and opposing enamel wear of three materials used as bite turbos. 8 specimens (10x8x4 mm) each of Transbond LR (3M), Transbond Plus (3M) and Triad gel (Dentsply) were prepared in silicone molds and light cured for 30 seconds using an Acteon Satelec Blue Ray …

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A Study Of Enamel Thickness Of Permanent Maxillary Canines, Daniel Diaz Rubayo Jan 2019

A Study Of Enamel Thickness Of Permanent Maxillary Canines, Daniel Diaz Rubayo

All ETDs from UAB

Introduction: Tooth agenesis is defined as the lack of development of a tooth. Maxillary lateral incisors have been reported to be missing in 2.2% of the population in the United States of America. Two treatment options are available: opening the space to restore the missing tooth with a dental prosthesis; or close the space by moving the adjacent teeth into the space and substituting the missing lateral incisor with the maxillary canine. With a wider crown and a more convex labial surface than lateral incisors, canines require a significant amount of reduction in order to achieve an adequate occlusion and …

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Regulation Of St6gal-I In Cancer: Sox2 Identified As Novel Driver Of St6gal-I Expression, Kaitlyn Alexandra Dorsett Jan 2019

Regulation Of St6gal-I In Cancer: Sox2 Identified As Novel Driver Of St6gal-I Expression, Kaitlyn Alexandra Dorsett

All ETDs from UAB

ST6Gal-I is a sialyltransferase that functions to add an 2-6 linked sialic acid to N-linked glycoproteins. The expression of ST6Gal-I is upregulated in many cancers at both the mRNA and protein levels. ST6Gal-I has also been shown to promote cancer stem cell (CSC) characteristics including chemoresistance, tumor-initiating potential, and spheroid growth. However, the transcriptional drivers of ST6Gal-I expression in stem-like cells remain largely unknown. Herein we highlight that SOX2 and ST6GAL1 are both located on one of the most commonly amplified chromosomal segments in cancer, amplicon 3q26. Copy number gains in both SOX2 and ST6GAL1 are observed in roughly 25% …

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Identification Of Two Spop-Mediated Pathways In Prostate Cancer Progression, Joshua Fried Jan 2019

Identification Of Two Spop-Mediated Pathways In Prostate Cancer Progression, Joshua Fried

All ETDs from UAB

Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies and causes of cancer related death in men. Morbidity is primarily attributed to late-stage and metastatic disease. Re-cent genomic screening studies have revealed that the Speckle type Poz Protein (SPOP) is the most frequently altered gene by missense mutations in prostate cancer. Interestingly, all of the identified mutations were located in the substrate binding domain of SPOP. Here, two pathways highlighting the impact of SPOP mutation on prostate cancer are pre-sented. First, evidence showing that one of the naturally occurring SPOP mutations, ser-ine 119 to asparagine (S119N), induces radiosensitivity and an …

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The Role Of Nudc In Rod Photoreceptor Cell Maintenance: A New Function For An Old Protein, Evan Boitet Jan 2019

The Role Of Nudc In Rod Photoreceptor Cell Maintenance: A New Function For An Old Protein, Evan Boitet

All ETDs from UAB

The overall health and maintenance of rod photoreceptors depends on directed vectorial transport of rhodopsin from its synthesis within the inner segment to its target destination the outer segment disk membranes. Numerous proteins are known to be involved in molecular interactions with rhodopsin during transport, including the interaction of nuclear distribution protein C (nudC) with rhodopsin that was first described in Xenopus laevis. We found that the interaction of nudC and rhodopsin is conserved in mammalian retina. This interaction is direct and aberrant expression of nudC results in subcellular localization of rhodopsin. We show for the first time that nudC …

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Non-Surgical Correction Of Anterior Open Bites Using Temporary Anchorage Devices, Kimberly Spencer Butts Jan 2019

Non-Surgical Correction Of Anterior Open Bites Using Temporary Anchorage Devices, Kimberly Spencer Butts

All ETDs from UAB

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the skeletal, dental and soft tissue effects that occur as a result of maxillary posterior TAD intrusion; to compare treatment outcomes of growing patients to a growing matched control group; and to present a simplified TAD intrusion technique. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study using lateral cephalometric radiographs of 16 (5 male, 11 female, average age 38y 4m) non-growing patients and 16 (5 male, 11 female, average age 13y 11m) growing patients with anterior open bite malocclusions treated with temporary anchorage devices (TADs) to intrude the maxillary posterior segments. Growing …

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Bioactive Materials: Ion Release & Recharge, Wear, Gloss & Hydroxyapatite Formation, Mohammed Badahman Jan 2019

Bioactive Materials: Ion Release & Recharge, Wear, Gloss & Hydroxyapatite Formation, Mohammed Badahman

All ETDs from UAB

Introduction : Dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases 1. Unfortunately, there have been numerous failures with the treatment rendered, the materials used and how they are used. One significant cause for dental restoration failure is secondary caries and the need to replace the existing restoration. It has been reported that more than half of the restorations placed have been replaced because of recurrent caries. New materials and techniques have been developed to enhance adhesives in dentistry and improve the bonded interface however that interface still remains the weakest component of composite restorations. Marginal degradation and the …

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Role Of Developmental Protein, Nudc, In The Retina, Skyler Boehm Jan 2019

Role Of Developmental Protein, Nudc, In The Retina, Skyler Boehm

All ETDs from UAB

Rod photoreceptors are the most prominent light sensitive cell in the retina of most mammals. The outer segments of photoreceptors contain the cellular machinery necessary for phototransduction to occur. The process of generating the phototransduction components occurs in the inner segment before being trafficked to the outer segment. These processes are highly regulated and require many different trafficking proteins and chaperones. The developmental protein nuclear distribution gene C (nudC) was found to be present in the photoreceptor, but its function is yet to be determined. Here we confirm that nudC is present in the retina and necessary in the photoreceptors. …

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Vagal Mediated Heart Rate Variability And Cognitive Impairments In Hiv-Seropositive Women, William C. Nicholson Jan 2019

Vagal Mediated Heart Rate Variability And Cognitive Impairments In Hiv-Seropositive Women, William C. Nicholson

All ETDs from UAB

Regardless of sufficient viral suppression, HIV exerts an ongoing inflammatory process that promotes chronic autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction, accelerates physiological aging, and increases the risk of developing a spectrum of cognitive disorders (known as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders [HAND]). Given this, identifying pathological mediators of this inflammatory response could provide insight into the mechanisms driving HAND. The vagus nerve (indexed by vagal-mediated heart rate variability [vmHRV]) could provide such a mediator as it regulates ANS activity via reciprocal cardio-neural pathways, which regulate inflammation and homeostasis. Vagal dysfunction is associated with persistent inflammatory signaling (e.g., stress or inflammatory-based disorders [such as …

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Early Life Stress And Immune Responses In Adult Rat Kidneys, Ijeoma E. Obi Jan 2019

Early Life Stress And Immune Responses In Adult Rat Kidneys, Ijeoma E. Obi

All ETDs from UAB

Globally, human studies show overwhelming associations between adverse childhood experiences and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD risks throughout adult life. As early as 6 years old, there are significant associations between childhood adversity and inflammation, and those association are observed throughout adult life as well. Over a decade ago, rodent models were used to establish the importance of the immune cells in hypertension, which is the major risk factor in developing CVD. Although these associations in humans are important, they pose several limitations that can be overcome by the use of animal models to study the molecular mechanisms that are …

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Associations Between Dietary Fat Intake And Waist Circumference, Phonchit Teng Soukhamneut Jan 2019

Associations Between Dietary Fat Intake And Waist Circumference, Phonchit Teng Soukhamneut

All ETDs from UAB

The objective of this study was to assess: 1) trends in dietary fat intake from 2003-2016 2) the association between type of dietary fat intake and waist circumference (WC), 3) the association between type of dietary fat intake and body shape, and 4) whether these associations vary by sex and race/ethnicity. This secondary data analysis included 27,057 adults aged 19 to 65 from the National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2016. For WC, participants were categorized into high-risk (men: WC ≥ 40 in; women: WC ≥ 35 in) and low-risk (men: WC < 40 in; women: WC < 35 in). Total fat intake was categorized as high (TOTFAT ≥ 35%) and low (TOTFAT< 35%). Saturated fat intake was categorized into high (SATFAT ≥ 10%) and low (SATFAT < 10%). Unsaturated fat intake was categorized into high (UNSATFAT ≥ 25%) and low (UNSATFAT < 25%). Logistic regression was performed to assess the associations between DFI and WC and DFI and body shape, controlling for age, BMI, and total caloric intake. NHW men with high TOTFAT were found to have 1.41 (OR: 1.41, 1.19 – 1.68) times the odds of having a high-risk WC compared to men with a diet low in TOTFAT, controlling for age, BMI, and total caloric intake. NHW men with a diet high in SATFAT were at increased odds of having a high-risk WC compared to men with a diet low in SATFAT, after controlling for covariates (OR: 1.49, 1.21 -1.84). NHW men with a diet high in UNSATFAT were at increased odds of having a high-risk WC compared to men with a diet low in UNSATFAT after controlling for covariates (OR: 1.375, 1.09 – 1.74). There were no significant associations found among NWB and MA men for any type of dietary fat intake. For women, no associations were found between type of dietary fat and WC by race/ethnicity. There were no associations between DFI and body shape by race/ethnicity groups and sex. Future studies are needed to further investigate the body shape cut-off points for increased risk associated with chronic disease.

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