Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Relative Wealth, Subjective Social Status, And Their Associations With Depression: Cross-Sectional, Population-Based Study In Rural Uganda, Meghan L. Smith, Bernard Kakuhikire, C. Baguma, Justin D. Rasmussen, David Bangsberg, Multiple Additional Authors

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide, and has been found to be a consistent correlate of socioeconomic status (SES). The relative deprivation hypothesis proposes that one mechanism linking SES to health involves social comparisons, suggesting that relative SES rather than absolute SES is of primary importance in determining health status. Using data from a whole-population sample of 1,620 participants residing in rural southwestern Uganda, we estimated the independent associations between objective and subjective relative wealth and probable depression, as measured by the depression subscale of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCLD). Objective relative wealth was measured by an asset …

Portrayals Of Mental Illness, Treatment, And Relapse And Their Effects On The Stigma Of Mental Illness: Population-Based, Randomized Survey Experiment In Rural Uganda, Justin D. Rasmussen, Bernard Kakuhikire, C. Baguma, Scholastic Ashaba, Christine E. Cooper-Vince, Jessica M. Perkins, David Bangsberg, Alexander C. Tsai

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background

Mental illness stigma is a fundamental barrier to improving mental health worldwide, but little is known about how to durably reduce it. Understanding of mental illness as a treatable medical condition may influence stigmatizing beliefs, but available evidence to inform this hypothesis has been derived solely from high-income countries. We embedded a randomized survey experiment within a whole-population cohort study in rural southwestern Uganda to assess the extent to which portrayals of mental illness treatment effectiveness influence personal beliefs and perceived norms about mental illness and about persons with mental illness.

Methods and findings

Study participants were randomly assigned …

Protocol For A Longitudinal Study To Evaluate The Use Of Tenofovir-Based Prep For Safer Conception And Pregnancy Among Women In South Africa, Lynn T. Matthews, Manjeetha Jaggernath, Yolandie Kriel, Patricia Smith, Kasey O’Neil, David Bangsberg, Multiple Additional Authors

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Introduction Women who choose to conceive a baby with a partner living with HIV or a partner whose HIV serostatus is unknown in HIV-endemic settings need prevention strategies to mitigate HIV acquisition during conception and pregnancy.

Methods and analysis We are conducting a single-arm longitudinal study offering oral tenofovirdisoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for periconception use to 350 HIV-uninfected women in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. PrEP is offered as part of woman-centred safer conception programme that promotes couples-based HIV counselling and testing, antiretroviral therapy for partners who are HIV-infected, treatment for sexually transmitted infections and safer conception strategies, such …

Digital Monitoring Technologies Could Enhance Tuberculosis Medication Adherence In Uganda: Mixed Methods Study, Angella Musiimenta, Wilson Tumuhimbise, Aaron T. Mugaba, Conrad Muzoora, Mari Armstrong-Hough, David Bangsberg, J. Lucian Davis, Jessica E. Haberer

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Effective administration of tuberculosis therapy remains challenging. The recommended strategy of direct observed therapy is challenging and its implementation has been limited in many settings. Digital adherence technologies could be promising patient-centered strategies for monitoring adherence. However, few quality studies have assessed patients’ experiences with these technologies. Objective: To explore TB patients’ perceptions of a digital adherence intervention composed of a digital adherence monitor and SMS texts. Methods: We purposively sampled TB patients who owned phones, had been taking TB medication for at least a month, and were receiving their treatment from Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital. We interviewed 35 …

Making The Business Case For An Addiction Medicine Consult Service: A Qualitative Analysis, Kelsey C. Priest, Dennis Mccarty

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background

As the drug poisoning crisis worsens in North America and opioid use disorder (OUD)-related hospital admissions increase, policymakers and hospital administrators are beginning to recognize the important role of hospitals in the OUD care continuum. This study explores and describes how U.S. addiction medicine physicians created and presented business propositions to hospital administrators to support the development of addiction medicine consult (AMC) services.

Methods

Fifteen qualitative interviews were completed with board-certified or board-eligible addiction medicine physicians from 14 U.S. hospitals. The interviews occurred as part of a broader mixed methods study exploring hospital service delivery for patients admitted with …

Patients With Flt3-Mutant Aml Needed To Enroll On Flt3-Targeted Therapeutic Clinical Trials, Taylor Bucy, John M. Zoscak, Motomi Mori, Uma Borate

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

We sought to identify the total number of therapeutic trials targeting FLT3-mutant acute myeloid leukemia (AML) to estimate the number of patients needed to satisfy recruitment when compared with the incidence of this mutation in the US AML population. A systematic review of all therapeutic clinical trials focusing on adult FLT3-mutated AML was conducted from 2000 to 2017. An updated search was performed using ClinicalTrials.gov for trials added between October 2017 and December 2018. Analysis was performed for ClinicalTrials.gov search results from 2000 to 2017 to provide descriptive estimates of discrepancies between anticipated clinical trial enrollment using consistently cited rates …

Alternative Payment Models And Hospital Engagement In Health Information Exchange, Sunny C. Lin, John M. Hollingsworth, Julia Adler-Milstein

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Objectives:

To assess whether hospital participation in alternative payment models (APMs) is associated with greater engagement in health information exchange (HIE) along 4 dimensions: volume of patients for whom information is exchanged, diversity of information types, breadth of partner types, and depth of technical approach.

Study Design:

Pooled, cross-sectional analysis of data on US hospitals from 2014–2015.

Methods:

APM participation came from Leavitt Partners data, Medicare public use files, and the American Hospital Association (AHA) Annual Survey. We used Medicare data to measure HIE volume for 798 hospitals attesting to stage 2 Meaningful Use and the AHA Information Technology Supplement …

Barriers And Facilitators To Recruitment And Enrollment Of Hiv-Infected Individuals With Opioid Use Disorder In A Clinical Trial, Kim Hoffman, Robin Baker, Lynn Elizabeth Kunkel, Elizabeth Needham Waddell, Paula J. Lum, Dennis Mccarty, P. Todd Korthuis

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background

The CTN-0067 CHOICES trial tests implementation of extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) versus treatment-as-usual (TAU) for opioid use disorders (OUD) in HIV clinics to improve HIV viral suppression. The study team investigated recruitment strategies to elucidate the barriers and facilitators to recruitment and enrollment in the study.

Main text

Methods: Semi-structured, in-depth, digitally recorded interviews were completed with study recruitment-related staff and medical providers (n = 26) from six participating HIV clinics in the fall of 2018. Interviews probed 1) factors that might prevent prospective participants from engaging in study recruitment and enrollment procedures and 2) strategies used by study …

Trace Amine-Associated Receptor Gene Polymorphism Increases Drug Craving In Individuals With Methamphetamine Dependence, Jennifer M. Loftis, Michael Lasarev, Xiao Shi, Jodi Lapidus, Aaron Janowsky, William Hoffman, Marilyn Huckans

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Methamphetamine (MA) is a potent agonist at the trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1). This study evaluated a common variant (CV) in the human TAAR1 gene, synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) V288V, to determine the involvement of TAAR1 in MA dependence.

Methods: Participants (n = 106) with active MA dependence (MA-ACT), in remission from MA dependence (MA-REM), with active polysubstance dependence, in remission from polysubstance dependence, and with no history of substance dependence completed neuropsychiatric symptom questionnaires and provided blood samples. In vitro expression and function of CV and wild type TAAR1 receptors were also measured.

Results: The V288V polymorphism …

Learners With Disabilities Can Contribute To Waste Management, Arvie S. Andal, Maria Corazon C. Colendrino, Monaliza U. Guce-Vinas

Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies (AKI)

Encouraging the community to shift into a more environmentally friendly practice would entail a consideration of several factors, more so if it includes the participation of individuals with disabilities. The result of the study highlights several actions needed to maximize the potential of the program: 1) the continuous training of learners with disabilities to build capacity and capability; and continuous funding for such; 2) the continuous improvement of product quality to meet specific market needs; and 3) the development of programs to increase the community’s awareness, understanding, and appreciation of the benefits of recycling.

Assessment Of Attitude Of Postgraduate Pediatric Nursing Students’ Toward The Academic Integrity, Asmaa Khamis

Nursing

The present study was a descriptive study that aimed to assess the attitude of postgraduate pediatric nursing students toward the academic integrity in their nursing learning experience. A convenient sample that consisted of 100 postgraduate pediatric nursing students enrolled in academic year (2016-2017) in both two semesters, 80 students enrolled in master program while 20 students enrolled in PhD program. Data were collected using a structured questionner sheet, in addition to Likert - type scale to assess the attitude of the studied students about academic integrity. The results of this study revealed that more than three quarters of the studies …

Bone Mineral Density, Energy Availability, And Dietary Restraint In Collegiate Cross-Country Runners And Non-Running Controls, Hawley Almstedt, William Mccormack, Todd Shoepe, Joseph W. Labrie

Health and Human Sciences Faculty Works

Purpose: Weight-bearing activities such as running have been shown to be osteogenic. However, investigations have also shown that running may lead to site-specific deficiencies in bone mineral density (BMD) as well as overall low BMD. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate and compare the BMD of female and male collegiate cross-country runners with non-running controls. In addition, energy availability and disordered eating attitudes and behaviors were assessed. Methods: BMD of 60 collegiate cross-country runners and 47 BMI and age-matched non-running controls were measured via DXA scans. Participants completed a Block 2014 Food Frequency Questionnaire and Eating Disorder Examination …

Loading Patterns Of Rubber-Based Resistance Bands Across Distributors, Alex D. Fuentes, Connor J. Smith, Todd Shoepe

Health and Human Sciences Faculty Works

Variable resistance implemented through concurrent use of rubber-based resistance bands and free weights is commonly used in training athletes. The purpose of this study was to examine the consistency of rubber-based resistance (RBR) band loading patterns across four distributors. Bands (n = 141) were obtained from online distributors (Rogue Fitness, EliteFTS, RubberBanditz, and Power Systems) across a spectrum of available widths (0.635, 1.270, 2.860, 4.450, 6.350, and 10.160 cm). At least five bands for each width were stretched in 5 cm increments from resting (100 cm) to twice resting length (200 cm) while tensile resistance was measured using a load …

Systematic Review: The Effects Of Nonpharmacological And Pharmacological Measures In Neonates With Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome, Hannah R. Magyar, Laura D. Metzger, Ariel N. Schrage

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

With the increasing incidence of drug addiction among pregnant women, neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) has become a significant problem in the United States and has led to increased hospital costs, longer lengths of stay, and more serious health problems in neonates. This systematic review will explore the evidence about outcome differences for neonates with NAS that receive breastfeeding, rooming-in, and acupuncture in addition to pharmacological agents when compared to infants only receiving pharmacological agents. Twenty-one articles, retrieved from the databases PubMed and CINAHL and published between the years 2000-2017, were described in an integrated review, analyzed with critical appraisal, and …

Effectiveness Of Alternative Cerebral Palsy Treatments In Pediatrics: Systematic Review, Olivia Doria, Emily Fricker, Katrina Beery

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Abstract

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a multi-faceted movement disorder that affects the lives of approximately 500,000 children in America and millions across the globe. Traditional treatment involves physical and occupational therapies. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify, describe, and critically appraise the evidence about the effectiveness of alternative therapies including hippotherapy, aquatic therapy, and robotic gait training in children with CP. Researchers have found that these therapies improve gross motor function and balance. This review focuses on determining which age subpopulation would benefit most. A critical appraisal of studies is conducted and followed by recommendations for practice …

Systematic Review Of Sensory Integrations With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Cierra Simmons

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Autism Spectrum Disorder is a developmental disorder that can affect communication and behavior. In children a sensory diet is utilized in order to address these issues. Research has been completed over the years looking into the effects of different sensory integrations on classroom behavior and participation. This is a comparison study of various integrations including, but not limited to, vestibular swinging, therapy balls, and therapy cushions. It is often up to an Occupational Therapist to create a sensory diet for each student on a caseload. The purpose of this study was to discover if there is one treatment that can …

Kangaroo Mother Care And Traditional Care, Arianna Smola, Kirsten Lawson

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Prematurity and low birth weight are leading causes of infant death. Throughout recent years care methods for this population have evolved from incubator care to Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC). The purpose of this systematic review was to answer the following PICO question: in the case of preterm and low birth weight (LBW) infants, how does the technique of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) compare to traditional incubator use, regarding long and short-term outcomes of preterm and LBW infant recovery. Methods of this study included the selection of twenty peer-reviewed articles that studied the effect of incubators and KMC on premature and …

Voice Therapy Techniques In Combination With The Group Therapy Setting For Individuals With Parkinson’S Disease, Zoë E. Sommers

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

This report aims to provide background information related to voicing in Parkinson’s Disease (PD), review the various therapeutic approaches used to benefit individuals diagnosed with PD, and examine how voice impairments affect the lives of individuals with PD. Specifically, therapy techniques focusing on voice and techniques applied in the group therapy setting will be reviewed. PD has a multitude of consequences on an individual’s life, and speech is an area that is greatly affected. This project will highlight some of the interventions that can positively impact the lives of those with Parkinson’s Disease and reflect on how the group therapy …

Comparison Of Blindfolded Vs. Non Blindfolded Vertical Jump Tests, Christian Thomas Evans

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The purpose of this study was to compare test results between blindfolded and non- blindfolded male and female participants during the vertical jump test. We hypothesized that non-blindfolded participants will score higher than blindfolded participants, and males will have higher test scores than females, though no research currently exists comparing these conditions. The study population consisted of 40 apparently healthy individuals ages 18-45, lacking any physical limitations that prevented them from being able to perform a vertical jump test. Participants were recruited from The University of Akron campus by word of mouth in the classes held in InfoCision Stadium. Each …

The Effect Of Swimming Exercise On Amount And Quality Of Sleep For Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Kayla E. Wilson

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) may alter not only cognitive but also physical aspects of individuals. One physical element that is commonly impacted by ASD is sleep pattern. In fact, there is a large margin of sleep disturbances in the ASD population compared to typically functioning individuals. PURPOSE: To examine the effect of various levels of physical activity intensity in an aquatic setting and the impact on sleep quality. The question in focus is simply, “What is the effect of swimming exercise on quality and amount of sleep for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder?” METHODS: Guardians of children with Autism Spectrum …

Understanding Access To Menstrual Hygiene Products In The Akron Area, Corinne Plas

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Abstract

The purpose of this project is to contribute to the understanding of the nature of access to menstrual hygiene products in the Akron area. Questions being researched are “Do Akron area residents need better access to menstrual hygiene products?”, “What is the nature of current access to products in the Akron area?”, “What influences a lack of access to products, if anything?”, and “What kinds of products are preferred and actually used?” The project consists of a 30-question survey, which was taken online by 51 participants. Completed analyses were cross tabulation analyses using Qualtrics and IBM SPSS programs and …

The Effects Of Sports Specialization And Injury Rates In Collegiate Athletes, Brianne Heydinger

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

BACKGROUND: Sport specialization has been thought to cause burnout, overuse injuries, and isolation within a pediatric population. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of sports specialization in collegiate athletes. METHODS: Twenty fourth-year athletes at The University of Akron (age 22.1 ±.72 yrs.) chose to participate in the study. Athletes were provided with a survey regarding high school sport participation, and informed consent was obtained to access their collegiate medical records. NExTT© database was used to collect data on the number of injuries each participant sustained while in collegiate athletics. The number of sports played in …

Measuring Nutrition Literacy Among Participants Enrolled In A Weight Management And Chronic Disease Prevention Program, Abby Perkins

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Title: Measuring Nutrition Literacy Among Participants Enrolled in a Weight Management and Chronic Disease Prevention Program

Purpose: Type II diabetes, hypertension, and overweight/obesity are three of the most common diet-related health conditions and are closely linked to negative health outcomes. Limited nutrition knowledge is associated with inadequate preventative care and poor diet quality, which may exacerbate the development of these conditions. Research suggests that targeted nutrition education increases nutrition literacy and thus is an important component of diet-related chronic disease prevention programs. Despite its importance, nutrition literacy tools are not widely available and/or routinely used in practice. Program/Participants: A total …

Quickcough: An Instrumentational Proximal Airway Clearance Technique (Act) For Select Patients With Neuromuscular Disease (Nmd), Sean X. Sullivan, Russell K. Catania, Madison K. Plaster, Sydney E. Kandray, Mariah Costa

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Patients with neuromuscular disease (NMD) requiring tracheostomy and mechanical ventilation secondary to respiratory failure encounter increased difficulty in removing pulmonary secretions from the airways. To combat issues associated with current treatment modalities for insufficient cough efficacy (cost, poor mobility, discomfort, lack of evidence), we have developed an instrumentational proximal airway clearance technique (ACT) which augments a manual proximal ACT developed by a client with NMD. QuickCough is a 3D-printed PLA attachment to the tracheostomy apparatus which has demonstrated its ability to facilitate pressure changes necessary to increase patient’s peak cough flow (PCF) by providing a stronger exsufflation for the patient. …

Multidimensional Mass Spectrometry Of Chemonic™ Ccg-6 Nonionic Surfactant With Separation By Polarity And Shape, Charles Johnson

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Chemonic™ CCG-6 surfactant is a water-soluble poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) conjugated alkyl glyceride emollient. This surfactant exists as a complex mixture of a glycerol cores conjugated with poly(ethylene glycol) branches (PEGylation) that were partially esterified with caprylic (C8) and capric (C10) acids. These may be esterified on one, two, or all three arms of the glyceride. The architecture of the structures in this mixture was studied using multidimensional mass spectrometry (MS). Mass spectrometry was interfaced with ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and ion mobility (IM) separation. The mixture was separated by reversed-phase LC, oligomers of the star-branched polymer were separated according to …

Development And Exploration Of A Z-Shaped Foot And Ankle Internal Fixation Plate, Rhaz Shaghaghi Paul, Ian Hames, Sean Rich

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

This paper will detail the design process of developing a Z-shaped foot and ankle internal fixation plating system. Group 6: Plates for the Sole was made up of 5 team members, who worked together to accommodate their client’s request to complete a biomechanical analysis of a Z-Plate design and a construct a prototype. The Z-Plate’s purpose is to provide podiatrists with a new solution that can fit nicely on the small, irregular bones of the foot, while also remaining strong enough to withstand the forces and torques of the foot.

Exploring The Utility Of Muac In Classifying Adult Metabolic Syndrome Using Nhanes 2015-16, Hayley Boucher

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

INTRODUCTION: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of cardiometabolic risk factors that, when presented in tandem, increases the risk of heart disease and insulin resistance. Finding a simple and validated screening method is critical to proactively intervene and attenuate the development of cardiometabolic diseases and improving healthcare outcomes. PURPOSE: This study defined and validated a risk criterion for MetS using MUAC as an alternative criterion for MetS classification risk. METHODS: The sample was derived from National Health & Nutrition Examination Survey 2015-2016 data of adults over 18 years (N = 9,971). MetS was defined using the NCEP ATP III 2005 …

Females, Perceptions, And Strength Training, Victoria Kanel, Alexandria Rellinger

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Performing a regular strength training routine leads to a plethora of beneficial physiological and psychological changes. A gender disparity exists with participation rates of strength training. There is a possible discrepancy in knowledge and education provided to males and females based on their physical activity and exercise backgrounds. The design of this study is an effort to better understand potential barriers females may experience and serve as a needs-assessment tool to identify females’ views of strength training participation. This study sought to explore views of strength training among females and to determine if consensus exists and how views may aid …

Advanced Practice Nursing In Nigerian Healthcare: Prospects And Challenges, Raymond O. Chimezie, Sally N. Ibe

Journal of Sustainable Social Impact

This study explored the prospects and challenges of introducing advanced practice nursing (APN) in the Nigerian health system. It sought to address the following: career pathways for registered nurses and midwives, advanced duties performed by them and the circumstances, their views and willingness for autonomous practice, and doctors’ degree of acceptance. Research population composed of registered nurses, midwives and medical doctors in primary healthcare. The conceptual framework for this study was based on the scope of practice, standards and competencies of the APN established by the International Council of Nurses (2008). A 12-item checklist of typical duties of APN from …

Department Of Education: Fy2019 Annual Report, Lehigh Valley Health Network

Department of Education

No abstract provided.