Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Training Orthopaedic Residents To Formulate Evidence-Based Questions, Jonathan D. Eldredge

UNM Orthopaedic Research Journal

Background: Formulating questions that are both focused and answerable is an essential clinical skill for evidence-based practice (EBP). Possessing this skill can successfully launch research projects. Yet studies have depicted mixed results pertaining to the teaching of question formulation. This report describes introducing orthopaedic residents to question formulation and showcases an accompanying evaluation rubric originally developed for training second-year medical students.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, a total of 23 orthopaedic residents at The University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center participated in a 1-hour training. The study included application exercises using an evaluation rubric for learners to assess …

Physical Therapy Faculty, Unm Department Of Orthopaedic Surgery

UNM Orthopaedic Research Journal

No abstract provided.

Letter From The Residency Director, Unm Department Of Orthopaedic Surgery

UNM Orthopaedic Research Journal

No abstract provided.

Unmorj Full Instructions For Authors, Unm Department Of Orthopaedic Surgery

UNM Orthopaedic Research Journal

No abstract provided.

Editorial, Sittisak Honsawek

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal, ISSN: 2651-2343, e-ISSN: 2651-0812 is a double-blind, peer-reviewed,open access biomedical journal established in 1954. Our journal is now published and indexed/abstractedin Open J-Gate, Directory of Research Journals Indexing (DRJI), Academic Resource Index/Research Bib, Citefactor, Sherpa Romeo, Publons, Google Scholar, and the Thailand Journal Citation Index (TCI).

Pediatric Respiratory Severity Score Evaluates Disease Severity Of Respiratory Tract Infection In Children, Janjira Thokngaen, Wissaroot Karoonboonyanan

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are commonly found causes of morbidity and mortality inchildren aged below 5 years old. The pediatric respiratory severity (PRESS) score is a simple severity scoringsystem. Healthcare providers can apply it as a preliminary patient assessment for proper treatments.Objective: To evaluate the pediatric respiratory severity score as a severity assessment for pediatric patients with acute respiratory infections.Methods: This is a prospective study from 1st September 2016 to 31st October 2017. The study group includes120 patients aged 3 months to 14 years old. The use of the PRESS score as an assessment tool has 5 parameters: respiratory …

Re-Hospitalization Following Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention In Patients With St-Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Thanachot Chaiphatthananon, Patinya Maneesow, Jarkarpun Chaipromprasit

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background: Re-hospitalizations (RHs) after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (primary PCI) inST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) are not well studied in Thailand. We studied the frequency, causes,and factors that might affect unplanned re-hospitalizations which may be helpful to predict and lead to better effective preventions.Objectives: We aimed to investigate the frequency, causes, and factors that might affect unplanned rehospitalizationsMethods: We collected data from the Cardiac Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital (KCMH) thatincluded all patients with STEMI who underwent primary PCI and followed them for 1 year after the intervention. Unpaired t - tests, Chi-squared tests, Fischer’s exact tests were utilized for data …

Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome With Disappeared Pigmentation On Lips After Operation: A Case Report, Ra Hyoka, Tae Ho Yu

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Peutz-Jeghers polyps are hamartomas of the small bowel which occur as part of the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome,a rare autosomal dominant condition characterized by gastrointestinal polyps and mucocutaneous melanoticpigmentation. We, hereby, report a case of a young female suffering from this syndrome who presented withhyperpigmentation of the lips and acute intestinal obstruction due to intussusception. An exploratory laparotomy was performed which revealed jejuno-jejunal and jejuno-ileal intussusceptions for which resection and anastomosis was done. There were multiple intraluminal polyps in the jejunum which upon histopathological examination, showed features of Peutz-Jeghers polyp. But, on postoperative day 11, we found the pigmentation on her lips …

Track 1.B Introduction: Re-Designing Health: Transforming Systems, Practices And Care, Aidan Rowe, Claudine Jaenichen, Gillian Harvey, Kate Sellen, Stephanie Vandenberg

Art Faculty Articles and Research

The Re-Designing Health: Transforming Systems, Practices and Care track explores the increasing role and possibility for a wide range of design practices and methods to contribute to health care products, provision, and systems.

There is growing recognition of the increasing complexity faced by healthcare systems; critical issues and challenges include ageing populations, chronic diseases, growing drug ineffectiveness, and lack of access to comprehensive services (to name only a few examples). Concurrently design thinking, methods and practices are increasingly recognized as means of addressing complex, multi-levelled and systemic problems.

The track session brought together design academics, researchers and practitioners that are …

Improving Access To Clean Water In Rural Ecuador: The Connection Between Willingness To Pay And Population Health, Micalea Leaska

Capstone Collection

Climate change is affecting social and environmental determinants of health through access to safe drinking water, safely managed sanitation systems, and access to health care services and the ability for individuals to break free from unsuitable circumstances. Ecological disturbances such as those caused by climate change can cause a shift in host vectors or a change in habitat that results in a greater likelihood of the pathogen coming in contact with humans. Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services and their accessibility to populations can directly impact a community’s vulnerability to diseases and limiting factors to increase economic growth. If rural …

Occupational Health And Safety Implementation Issues In Egypt / مشكلات تطبيق الصحة والسلامة المهنية في مصر, Nihal Hatem Said, Nourhan Fahmy, Ossama Hanafy

Papers, Posters, and Presentations

This policy paper addresses the current OHS implementation issues in Egypt and situates them within a global context that comprises agreed upon international safety regulations, conventions and management systems as well as international certification such as the ISO. Through a review of the implementation process of OHS in Egypt, complex legal, institutional and technical issues arise, illuminating the deficiencies present in the current OHS policy framework. This paper delves into the shortcomings present in the documentation and inspection processes that represent a cornerstone of the overall implementation of OHS standards whether by the government or the private sector.

Vulnerable Older Populations Without Special Health Care In Egypt: A Need For Assessment & Reform / كبار السن الذين يفتقرون إلى الرعاية الصحية المتخصصة في مصر: متطلبات التقييم والإصلاح, Mahmoud Nassar, Sally Islam, Shaimaa Sabbah, Sondos Said Mubarak

Papers, Posters, and Presentations

The older population in Egypt needs a special healthcare system to fulfill its needs and expectations. Nowadays, the older people live longer than before due to the improvement of healthcare services. That leads to an increase in the number of older people and creates a pressure on resources especially with the limited resources in Egypt. Urbanization and the change in the Egyptian demographics is exacerbating the problem. Egypt now is becoming a nation of dignified older citizens that need additional care and special attention. A number of policies and reforms have already been discussed but never thoroughly analyzed. Some policies …

Relationship Between Gestational Diabetes And A Positive Depression Screen, Onegarach Herbert Ozelle

Master of Medicine in Obstetrics and Gynecology

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and its treatment have a marked effect on women’s lives consequently aggravating psychosocial disruptions of a normal pregnancy. The demand for behavioural adaptation as well as postulated biological interactions are likely to increase the risk of maternal depression in GDM patients. There is however inadequate literature concerning the relationship between GDM and depression. Objective: To compare the proportion of women with GDM who screen positive for depression and the proportion of women without GDM who screen positive for depression at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi. Socio-demographic factors associated with a positive depression screen were …

Comparison Of Vaginal Microbiota In Women With Spontaneous Preterm Labour Versus Those With Term Labour, Edgar Gulavi

Master of Medicine in Obstetrics and Gynecology

Background: Preterm birth presents a challenge on a global scale with a disease burden that is on the rise. It is a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide with approximately 15 million preterm births every year. Kenya has a 12% preterm birth rate with about 190,000 babies born preterm every year. The female lower genital tract bacterial community plays a vital role in maternal and neonatal health. An association between altered vaginal microbial composition and preterm birth has been demonstrated in previous studies. However, findings in terms of composition and diversity of these bacteria across the few studies …

Therapeutic Delivery Technology And Its Economic Impact, Paul E. Savas Jr.

Senior Honors Theses

Therapeutic delivery technology is a current area of high interest in both university and industrial settings. These technologies are being developed in order to deliver therapeutic agents, such as genes, proteins, and drugs, to patients more efficiently. Nanoscale delivery vehicles have proven to be useful for these applications; these vehicles may either be naturally produced or chemically synthesized. The physical properties of these nanomaterials must be characterized correctly using instrumentation that evaluates their size, morphology, and potential for agglomeration. These technologies represent a high-growth economic area that fosters entrepreneurship and innovation. Because of this innovative spirit, research and economic interest …

Impact Of Contemporary Low Dose Aspirin Use And Cardiovascular Disease, Pratik Sharma, Ramona Stone

Public Health Sciences Student Work

No abstract provided.

Deaf Mis-Interpretation During Hurricane Irma: A Case Study And Evaluation, Sherilyn D. Burris

International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference

In 2017, Manatee County Government (Florida, USA) used an untrained sign language interpreter during a media briefing on Hurricane Irma evacuation orders. The individual signed incorrectly, resulting in confusion for the community and embarrassment for the organization. This case study presents the background of accessible information in crisis management -- why and how disaster preparedness information is interpreted for the deaf community; provides the event's consequences, as well as local and global implications; and discusses ways to incorporate deaf and hard-of-hearing stakeholders and groups into existing structures and programs.

What Influences Our Decision To Vaccinate? The Social Amplification Of Risk Framework And Vaccination, Laura B. Carper

International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference

The current study applies the social amplification risk framework to the anti-vaccination movement, specifically to the social factors that influence the likelihood to vaccinate. A total of 264 participants were recruited using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk engine and students from a large southern university. Participants responded to questions about their personal, friend, and family experiences with vaccines, their discussion about vaccines, and trust in vaccine literature (CDC, Facebook, family, etc.). Lastly, participants responded to a modified Duke’s social support scale. Results indicated that the likelihood to vaccinate is impacted by several social factors and that those factors can be amplified based …

Tweeting To Prepare: An Examination Of Government And Organizational Messages During National Preparedness Month, Jenna L. Currie-Mueller

International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference

Each year, disasters have devastating consequences in the United States. Consequences are long term and extend beyond the disaster’s immediate impact area. Establishing a culture of preparedness is necessary for the U.S. A prepared populace responds more effectively to disasters and is less stressful on community infrastructure and resources during the response phase. One of the ways government organizations and non-government organizations can encourage preparedness actions is via social media. This study examined preparedness messages existing independently of an emerging event disseminated on Twitter by government and non-government organizations. A total of 6,374 tweets were analyzed from data collected during …

Health Risk Tolerance As A Key Determinant Of (Un)Willingness To Behavior Change: Conceptualization And Scale Development, Hyoyeun Jun, Yan Jin

International Crisis and Risk Communication Conference

After the study of testing determinants of risk tolerance affecting information sharing, this study was conducted as a second step to actually develop the scale for risk tolerance. Firstly, this study followed qualitative steps, such as in-depth interview and focus group, to capture how public describes the situation when they are tolerating the risk, when they knew what the recommended behavior is to relieve the risk. Secondly, this study collected 1000 U.S. public sample for the survey questionnaire that are the items generated from the qualitative steps.

Associations Between Low-Carbohydrate Diet Score And Prognostic Factors Among Adults With Diabetes Mellitus: An Analysis Of The Nhanes 2005-2016, Elta N. Charles

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the leading chronic diseases affecting Americans. There is a lack of literature discussing the link between diet and prognosis of those already diagnosed with DM. Objective: To provide insight into which diet is better for the outlook of diabetes mellitus by examining the associations between the low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) score and three diabetes-related health indicators: blood hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglycerides, and retinopathy. Methods: A total of 3,313 U.S. adults with DM were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2016. Presence of retinopathy was ascertained through self-reporting. Dietary intake was measured …

An Exploration Of Public Misconceptions Of Municipal Water Fluoridation Relating To Oral And Public Health, Thomas A. Hawkins

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Municipal water fluoridation began in 1945, and in the past 70 years, it appears to have decreased the rate of dental caries nationwide. Despite being deemed one of the top ten innovations of the 20th century, there continues to be misconceptions with this controversial practice. The intent of this thesis is to address some of the misconceptions with water fluoridation, and what possible solutions could be provided to alleviate the concerns. This was accomplished through a literature review of current research articles. Two main topics were explored: the public health and oral health concerns and how they contribute to the …

A Comparative Study Of Medical And Literary Representations Of Shell Shock, 1914-50, Madison Das

Honors Undergraduate Theses

This thesis explores shell shock--a common but misunderstood disorder seen in soldiers of World War One--through a Medical Humanities framework. Chapter 1 conducts a traditional medical review of scientific articles published on the pathology, symptoms, and treatment of shell shock between 1914-50. Chapter 2 builds upon this by offering a literary reading of Rebecca West's novel, The Return of the Soldier, which was published as the war drew to a close in 1918. The reading of West draws upon the medical research detailed in Chapter 1 to offer new conclusions about Chris's shell shock. The thesis shows how taking an …

Investigating The Role Of Neuronal Aging In Fragile X-Associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome, Katlin Marie Hencak

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is an X-linked late-onset neurodegenerative disorder caused by a noncoding trinucleotide repeat expansion in the FMR1 gene. This gene produces fragile x mental retardation protein (FMRP), an RNA binding protein whose targets are involved in brain development and synaptic plasticity. One of the proposed mechanisms of FXTAS pathogenesis is an RNA gain-of-function in which the repeat expansion causes toxic mRNA that sequesters important proteins in the cell, interfering with their functions. Another suggested method of pathogenesis is through a mutant protein called FMRpolyG. This protein results from repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation, in which the expanded …

The Mediating Role Of Resilience In The Relationship Between Attachment Style And Symptoms Of Depression And Anxiety, Melanie Jurgensen

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Although previous research has identified a relationship between insecure attachment styles and symptoms of depression and anxiety, evidence regarding the mechanisms of action driving this relationship has been lacking. Consequently, the current study examined the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between insecure attachment styles (i.e. anxious-avoidant, anxious-ambivalent, helpless-disorganized and frightened-disorganized) and symptoms of depression and anxiety. The current study included a sample of 182 participants (i.e., 87 men and 95 women) who completed six questionnaires that assessed each participants' relationship with their caregivers during their childhood, present symptoms of depression and anxiety, and their resilience. Correlational analyses indicated …

Lower Osteocalcin Is Linked To Genetic Polymorphisms In Tnfrsf1a/1b And Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis Infection Among Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients, Ahmad K. Odeh

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder that results in inflamed joints and osteoporosis. Previous studies have shown that Mycobacterium avium subspecies Paratuberculosis (MAP) has a role in the downregulation of active osteocalcin in Crohn’s disease (CD). Since RA and CD have a similar pathology, we hypothesize that active inflammation following MAP infection will result in downregulation of active osteocalcin in RA patients. In this study, a total of 82 individuals (48 RA and 34 healthy) were examined for MAP status and for active osteocalcin. Out of the 48 RA patients, 18 were MAP positive compared to only 1 out …

Quantifying The Shortage Of Mental Health Care In Venezuela Through Media Content Analysis, Andrea B. Alfonsi

Honors Undergraduate Theses

The aim of this thesis was to assess the gaps and deficits in the mental health care staffing and related prescription drug or therapeutic intervention availability in Venezuela using media content analysis. This thesis also assessed the measures suggested by Venezuelan medical professionals for addressing the population's needs for mental health services amid the nation's crisis. The shortage of mental health care in Venezuela was assessed because various stressors, including life events, chronic stressors, and daily hassles, are substantially less than optimal among Venezuelans. The mental health consequences of these factors, along with the detrimental psychosocial demands commonly faced by …

Elucidating The Role Of Oxygen And Biotype In The Environmental Persistence Of Vibrio Cholerae, Amy M. Freiberg

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Vibrio cholerae is a natural inhabitant of aquatic environments and serves as the etiological agent for the severe diarrheal disease, cholera. Cholera epidemics follow a regular seasonal pattern, which account for tens to hundreds of thousands of deaths in a given year. V. choleraenaturally persist between epidemics through entry into a dormant state known as viable but nonculturable (VBNC). Research has shown that V. choleraein this VBNC state experience drastic morphological and metabolic changes, which serve as survival mechanisms until environmental conditions become suitable again. The natural marine ecosystem that V. cholerae inhabitis comprised of a complex …

Ab Toxins: Recovery From Intoxication And Relative Potencies, Patrick Cherubin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

AB-type protein toxins have a catalytic A subunit attached to a cell-binding B subunit. Ricin, Shiga toxin (Stx), exotoxin A, and diphtheria toxin are AB toxins that act within the host cytosol and kill the host cell through pathways involving the inhibition of protein synthesis. Our overall goal is to help elucidate the cellular basis of intoxication for therapeutic development. According to the current model of intoxication, the effect of AB toxins is irreversible. To test this model, we developed a system that uses flow cytometry and a fluorescent reporter to examine the cellular potency of toxins that inhibit protein …

Use Of Video-Enhanced Debriefing In Clinical Nursing Skill Acquisition: Indwelling Urinary Catheterization As An Exemplar, Erica Hoyt

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Nursing students struggle to acquire and maintain clinical psychomotor skills. Hiring agencies bear the cost of retraining graduate nurses inept with skills learned early in their nursing curriculum. Improperly performed clinical skills pose a risk to patient safety, resulting in pain and suffering for the patient. This empirical study aimed to determine if video-enhanced debriefing (VED) improved initial skill validation scores, skill feedback, satisfaction with learning, and reduced skill decay among first-semester, pre-licensure BSN students performing female indwelling urinary catheterization (IUC) in a simulated clinical setting compared to no debriefing. Participants received standard instruction, then video-recorded their IUC skill. Participants …