Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Dispatch Guided Allocation Optimization For Effective Emergency Response, Supriyo Ghosh, Pradeep Varakantham

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Effective emergency (medical, fire or criminal) response iscrucial for improving safety and security in urban environments. Recent research in improving effectiveness of emergency management systems (EMSs) has utilized data-drivenoptimization models for efficient allocation of emergency response vehicles (ERVs) to base locations. However, thesedata-driven optimization models either ignore the dispatchstrategy of ERVs (typically the nearest available ERV is dispatched to serve an incident) or employ myopic approaches(e.g., greedy approach based on marginal gain). This resultsin allocations that are not synchronised with the real evolution dynamics on the ground or can be improved significantly.To bridge this gap, we make the following contributions: …

Genomic And Cellular Studies Establish The Pathogenesis And Cellular Mechanisms Of Disease-Causing Mutations In Families With Autosomal Recessive Disorders, Nesreen Khalid Ahmad Al Jezawi

Dissertations

The majority of the reported genetic disorders in the UAE population are of the autosomal recessive type, which is mainly due to high rates of consanguinity within the UAE national population, and within a significant proportion of other UAE expatriate communities; such as Arabs and Pakistanis. It is estimated that more than 50% of all marriages among Emiratis occur between biologically related couples, with first cousin marriages being the highest. That could be attributed to sociocultural values in the region. Successful management of genetic diseases can be achieved by the implementation of effective preventative programs that could help reduce the …

“I Was Relieved To Know That My Baby Was Safe”: Women’S Attitudes And Perceptions On Using A New Electronic Fetal Heart Rate Monitor During Labor In Tanzania, Sara Rivenes Lafontan, Johanne Sundby, Hege L. Ersdal, Muzdalifat Abeid, Hussein L. Kidanto, Columba Mbekenga

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

To increase labor monitoring and prevent neonatal morbidity and mortality, a new wireless, strap-on electronic fetal heart rate monitor called Moyo was introduced in Tanzania in 2016. As part of the ongoing evaluation of the introduction of the monitor, the aim of this study was to explore the attitudes and perceptions of women who had worn the monitor continuously during their most recent delivery and perceptions about how it affected care. This knowledge is important to identify barriers towards adaptation in order to introduce new technology more effectively. We carried out 20 semi-structured individual interviews post-labor at two hospitals in …

Running Economy While Running In Extreme Cushioning And Normal Cushioning Running Shoes, Miles A. Mercer, Tori M. Stone, John C. Young, John Mercer

Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences Faculty Research

The purpose of the study was to determine if running economy was influenced by wearing maximal cushioning shoes vs. control (neutral cushioning) shoes. (Please see Abstract in text)

Association Of Interleukin-6 Polymorphisms With Obesity Or Metabolic Traits In Young Mexican-Americans, K. Boeta-Lopez, J. Duran, D. Elizondo, E. Gonzales, Anne R. Rentfro, Andrea E. Schwarzbach, Saraswathy Nair

Health & Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications

Objective The objective of the study is to investigate the association of interleukin-6 (IL6) promoter single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs1800797 (-597 G/A) and rs1800796 (-572 G/C) with obesity or metabolic syndrome in Mexican-Americans.

Methods The rs1800797 and rs1800796 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped in Mexican-Americans (n = 437) from South Texas, and results were correlated with measures of obesity and metabolic syndrome including body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, liver enzymes, plasma IL6 and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP).

Results Significant associations were found for the rs1800796 variant with increased waist circumference, insulin resistance, lower IL6 levels and higher hs-CRP …

The Status Of The Healthcare Workforce In The State Of Nebraska, Fernando A. Wilson, Nizar K. Wehbi, Jamie Larson, Kavita Mosalpuria, Ethan Chen, Marlene Deras

Reports: Center for Health Policy

No abstract provided.

Economic And Health Predictors Of National Postpartum Depression Prevalence: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis And Meta-Regression Of 308 Studies From 56 Countries, Jennifer Hahn-Holbrook, Taylor Cornwell-Hinrichs, Itzel Anaya

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) poses a major global public health challenge. PPD is the most common complication associated with childbirth and exerts harmful effects on children. Although hundreds of PPD studies have been published, we lack accurate global or national PPD prevalence estimates and have no clear account of why PPD appears to vary so dramatically between nations. Accordingly, we conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the global and national prevalence of PPD and a meta-regression to identify economic, health, social, or policy factors associated with national PPD prevalence.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of all papers reporting …

Validation Of The Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire Classification Coding System Using Accelerometry In Multiple Sclerosis, Robert W. Motl, Rachel E. Bollaert, Brian M. Sandroff

Exercise Science Faculty Research and Publications

Objective: There have been recent efforts toward creating a health contribution score (HCS) from the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ) that reflects public-health guidelines for levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The HCS yields categories of insufficiently active (less substantial or low benefits), moderately active (some benefits), and active (substantial benefits). The present study examined the validity of the GLTEQ HCS and its categories as reflecting levels of MVPA in multiple sclerosis (MS). Method: The sample included 684 persons with MS. Participants wore an accelerometer on an elastic belt around the waist above the nondominant hip during the waking hours …

Cd20 Expression And Effects On Outcome Of Relapsed/ Refractory Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma After Treatment With Rituximab, Afshan Asghar Rasheed, Adeel Samad, Ahmed Raheem, Samina Ismail Hirani, Shabbir Shabbir- Moosajee

Section of Haematology/Oncology

Introduction: Down regulation of CD20 expression has been reported in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL)). Therefore, it is important to determine whether chemotherapy with rituximab induces CD20 down regulation and effects survival. Objectives: To determine the incidence of down regulation of CD20 expression in relapsed DLBCL after treatment with rituximab and to compare outcomes and assess pattern of relapse between CD20 negative and CD20 positive cases. Methodology: We retrospectively reviewed patients with relapsed DLBCL who received rituximab in the first line setting at Aga Khan University Hospital between January 2007 and December 2014. Data were recorded on predesigned questionnaires, …

Pregnancy Outcomes Among Women With An Unintended Pregnancy: Findings From A Prospective Registry In Rural Pakistan, Sumera Aziz Ali, Shiyam Sunder Tikmani, Margo S. Harrison, Sarah Saleem, Robert L. Goldenberg, Elizabeth M. Mcclure, Omrana Pasha

Community Health Sciences

Background: Unintended pregnancies are an important public health issue in both developed and developing countries. An unintended pregnancy may affect maternal health seeking behavior during the antenatal and postpartum periods, which can adversely affect perinatal outcomes. Aim: The specific aim of our study was to measure antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum pregnancy outcomes among women with unintended pregnancies in a rural Pakistani population.
Methods: Using a prospective maternal and newborn health registry in Thatta Pakistan, we evaluated temporal associations between unintended pregnancy and several dimensions of health seeking behavior including: antenatal care, preference for private versus government facility for antenatal care, …

Treatment Of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm, Wilbert S. Aronow

NYMC Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Cime Newsletter : February 2018, Cime

Centre for Innovation in Medical Education (CIME) Archives

- Spie Facilitated Research Workshops

- Introductory Clinical Simulation Workshop for Nursing Education Services (NES)

- Laerdal Training in High Fidelity Simulators

- Ms. Hamida Babool, TKN Volunteer, Sharing her Experience of CIME

- AKU’s 3rd Orthopaedic Review Course

- English Language Fair 2018

Impact Of Direct Acting Antivirals On Occurrence And Recurrence Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Biologically Plausible Or An Epiphenomenon?, Amna Subhan Butt, Fatima Sharif, Shahab Abid

Section of Gastroenterology

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Chronic hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) is the most common cause of HCC in many European countries, Japan and Pakistan. Introduction of the new direct acting antivirals (DAAs) has revolutionized the management of HCV worldwide, with high rates of sustained virologic response in patients who could not have tolerated the previous interferon based treatments. However, recently there have been reports raising caution about the long term effects of DAAs, particularly a possible increased risk of HCC. Therefore this review explores the current molecular studies as well as clinical …

Human Factors And Simulation In Emergency Medicine, Emily M. Hayden, Ambrose H. Wong, Jeremy Ackerman, Margaret K. Sande, Charles Lei, Leo Kobayashi, Michael Cassara, Dylan D. Cooper, Kimberly Perry, William E. Lewandowski, Mark W. Scerbo

Psychology Faculty Publications

This consensus group from the 2017 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference "Catalyzing System Change through Health Care Simulation: Systems, Competency, and Outcomes" held in Orlando, Florida, on May 16, 2017, focused on the use of human factors (HF) and simulation in the field of emergency medicine (EM). The HF discipline is often underutilized within EM but has significant potential in improving the interface between technologies and individuals in the field. The discussion explored the domain of HF, its benefits in medicine, how simulation can be a catalyst for HF work in EM, and how EM can collaborate with HF professionals …

Assessment Of Temperature And Ultraviolet Radiation Effects On Sunburn At An Inland U.S. Beach: A Cohort Study, Jason W. Marion, Jiyoung Lee, James Rosenblum, Timothy J. Buckley

EKU Faculty and Staff Scholarship

Background

Increases in outdoor temperature may lead to increases in sunburn, outdoor exposure, and skin cancer in human populations.

Objective

This study aimed to quantify sunburn incidence and risk for Ohio beachgoers exposed to varying outdoor conditions.

Methods

Sunburn incidence data were obtained through a prospective cohort study at East Fork Lake (Cincinnati, Ohio, USA). Recruitment occurred over 26 weekend days. Beach interviews and follow-up telephone interviews obtained exposure and health information. New sunburns were self-reported 8–9 days post-enrollment. Survey data were paired with ultraviolet radiation (UVR) index and temperature data for statistical analysis.

Results

Among 947 beachgoers, new sunburns …

Multimorbidity In South Asian Adults: Prevalence, Risk Factors And Mortality., Kalpana Singh, Shivani A. Patel, Suddhendu Biswas, Roopa Shivashankar, Dimple Kondal, Vamadevan Ajay, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Zafar Fatmi, Mohammed K. Ali, Muhammad Masood Kadir

Community Health Sciences

Background:

We report the prevalence, risk factors and mortality associated with multimorbidity in urban South Asian adults.

Methods:

Hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, stroke and chronic kidney disease were measured at baseline in a sample of 16 287 adults ages ≥20 years in Delhi, Chennai and Karachi in 2010-11 followed for an average of 38 months. Multimorbidity was defined as having ≥2 chronic conditions at baseline. We identified correlates of multimorbidity at baseline using multinomial logistic models, and we assessed the prospective association between multimorbidity and mortality using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results:

The adjusted prevalence of multimorbidity was 9.4%; multimorbidity …

Human Factors Contributing To Preventable Adverse Drug Events In Healthcare: A Grounded Theory Approach Pilot Study, Thomas Ryan Hilgers

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

The following thesis details a grounded theory methodology (GT) pilot study of preventable adverse drug events (pADEs) in healthcare. This research used the methodological approach to develop a categorical theory for the chief workplace contributors to intra-hospital intensive care unit (ICU) preventable adverse drug events. While this study represents only a foray into the use of GT to explain pADEs, the results implicate specific areas of concern that may be followed up on in future qualitative or quantitative research. Pursuant of a Straussian grounded theory methodology, this study leaned fundamentally on the interview of individuals with first-hand experience with the …

A Word From The Writing Center (February 2018), Jennifer Wilson, Ms, Els

A Word From the Writing Team (Newsletter)

This issue includes:

• Tortured By Typos
• Punctuation 101
• Writing Cafe

Multiple System Atrophy - The Cerebellar Type With “Hot Cross Bun Sign” On Mri, Rehana Shaikh, Saba Sohail, Nasreen Naz

Department of Radiology

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is an adult onset, progressive, idiopathic neurodegenerative disease that clinically manifest as MSA-C with cerebellar signs predominant, MSA-P with Parkinsonian features predominant and MSA-A with autonomic signs and symptoms. MRI has an important role in its diagnosis with a characteristic finding described as "hot cross bun" sign seen in MSA of cerebellar type (MSA-C). We have seen two cases of MSA-C referred to Radiology Department, Civil Hospital Karachi in February 2017 and March 2017 who presented with difficulty in walking and speech and foecal and urinary incontinence. The MRI showed atrophy of pons, cerebellum and middle …

February 2018, Swosu Bulldog Wellness Committee

SWOSU BULLDOG WELLNESS

No abstract provided.

Bladder Distension As A Cause Of Abdominal Compartment Syndrome, Muhammad Yasir, Muhammad Qamarul Hoda, Tauseef Ahmed

Department of Anaesthesia

Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is increasingly identified in critically ill patient and its harmful effects are well documented. The disparity among the pressure, volume in abdominal cavity and its contents, results in ACS. The actual incidence of ACS is not known. However, it has been observed predominantly in patients with severe blunt and penetrating abdominal trauma, ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms, retro- and intra-peritoneal hemorrhage, pneumoperitoneum, neoplasm, pancreatitis, ascites and multiple bone fracture. We present a case of 40-year female who underwent emergency cesarean section and developed abdominal compartment syndrome due to urinary bladder distension secondary to blockade of urinary catheter …

Reassessing The Duration Of The Second Stage Of Labor In Relation To Maternal And Neonatal Morbidity., Katherine L. Grantz, Rajeshwari Sundaram, Ling Ma, Stefanie Hinkle, Vincenzo Berghella, Matthew K. Hoffman, Uma M. Reddy

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVE: To assess the morbidity associated with continuing the second-stage duration of labor, weighing the probability of spontaneous vaginal birth without morbidity compared with birth with serious maternal or neonatal complications.

METHODS: In a retrospective cohort, we analyzed singleton, vertex births at 36 weeks of gestation or greater without prior cesarean delivery (n=43,810 nulliparous and 59,605 multiparous women). We calculated rates of spontaneous vaginal birth and composite serious maternal or neonatal complications. Results were stratified by parity (nulliparous or multiparous) and epidural status (yes or no). Competing risks models were created for 1) spontaneous vaginal birth with no morbidity, 2) …

The Impact On Youth Smoking Of Increasing The Cigarette Tax In Nebraska: An Update For 2018, Fernando A. Wilson, Nizar K. Wehbi, Jamie Larson, Li-Wu Chen

Reports: Center for Health Policy

No abstract provided.

Public Understanding Of One Health Messages: The Role Of Temporal Framing, Sungjong Roh, Laura N. Rickard, Katherine A. Mccomas, Daniel J. Decker

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Building on research in motivated reasoning and framing in science communication, we examine how messages that vary attribution of responsibility (human vs animal) and temporal orientation (now vs in the next 10 years) for wildlife disease risk influence individuals’ conservation intentions. We conducted a randomized experiment with a nationally representative sample of US adults (N = 355), which revealed that for people low in biospheric concern, messages that highlighted both human responsibility for and the imminent nature of the risk failed to enhance conservation intentions compared with messages highlighting animal responsibility. However, when messages highlighting human responsibility placed the risk …

J Mich Dent Assoc Feb 2018

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

Archival issues of the Journal of the Michigan Dental Association may include reports on the activities of the association and its members, clinical articles, information on legal and ethical practice considerations, and perspectives of interest to MDA members and those in the oral health profession.

Genetic Differences In The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor And Cyp1a2 Affect Sensitivity To Developmental Polychlorinated Biphenyl Exposure In Mice: Relevance To Studies Of Human Neurological Disorders, Kelsey Klinefelter, Molly Kromme Hooven, Chloe Bates, Breann T. Colter, Alexandra Dailey, Smitha Krishnan Infante, Izabela Kania-Korwel, Hans-Joachim Lehmler, Alejandro Lopez-Juarez, Clare Pickering Ludwig, Christine Perdan Curran

Health & Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants that remain a human health concern with newly discovered sources of contamination and ongoing bioaccumulation and biomagnification. Children exposed during early brain development are at highest risk of neurological deficits, but highly exposed adults reportedly have an increased risk of Parkinson's disease. Our previous studies found allelic differences in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) affect sensitivity to developmental PCB exposure, resulting in cognitive deficits and motor dysfunction. High-affinity Ahr b Cyp1a2(-/-) mice were most sensitive compared with poor-affinity Ahr d Cyp1a2(-/-) and wild-type Ahr b Cyp1a2(+/+) mice. Our follow-up …

Incidence Of Dementia In Elderly Latin Americans: Results Of The Maracaibo Aging Study, Gladys E. Maestre, Luis J. Mena, Jesus D. Melgarejo, Daniel C. Aguirre-Acevedo, Gloria Pino-Ramírez, Milady Urribarrí, Inara J. Chacon, Carlos A. Chavez, Luis Falque-Madrid, Ciro A. Gaona

School of Medicine Publications

Introduction—There are few longitudinal studies of dementia in developing countries. We used longitudinal data from the Maracaibo Aging Study (MAS) to accurately determine the age- and sex-specific incidence of dementia in elderly Latin Americans.

Methods—The DSM IV-R was used to diagnose dementia, which was classified as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), or other. Age- and sex-specific incidence was estimated as the number of new cases of dementia divided by person-years of follow-up (p-y).

Results—The incidence of all dementia diagnoses was 9.10 per 1000 p-y (95% CI 7.13–11.44; 8026 total p-y), 5.18 for AD (95% CI 3.72–7.03; …

Quality Of Care Of Treatment For Uncomplicated Severe Acute Malnutrition Provided By Lady Health Workers In Pakistan, Eleanor Rogers, Muhammad Ali, Shahid Fazal, Deepak Kumar, Saul Guerrero, Imtiaz Hussain, Sajid Bashir Soofi, Jose Luis Alvarez Morán

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Objective: To assess the quality of care provided by lady health workers (LHW) managing cases of uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in the community.
Design: Cross-sectional quality-of-care study.
Setting: The feasibility of the implementation of screening and treatment for uncomplicated SAM in the community by LHW was tested in Sindh Province, Pakistan. An observational, clinical prospective multicentre cohort study compared the LHW-delivered care with the existing outpatient health facility model.
Subjects: LHW implementing treatment for uncomplicated SAM in the community.
Results: Oedema was diagnosed conducted correctly for 87·5 % of children; weight and mid upper-arm circumference were measured correctly for …

High Smad7 And P-Smad2,3 Expression Is Associated With Environmental Enteropathy In Children, Sana Syed, Vincenzo Dinallo, Najeeha Talat Iqbal, Laura Di Iorio, Davide Di Fusco, Shan Guleria, Beatrice C. Amadi, Kamran Sadiq, Christopher Moskaluk, Syed Asad Ali

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Enteropathies such as Crohn's disease are associated with enteric inflammation characterized by impaired TGF-β signaling, decreased expression of phosphorylated (p)-SMAD2,3 and increased expression of SMAD7 (an inhibitor of SMAD3 phosphorylation). Environmental enteropathy (EE) is an acquired inflammatory disease of the small intestine (SI), which is associated with linear growth disruption, cognitive deficits, and reduced oral vaccine responsiveness in childrenp-SMAD2,3 levels (using Western blotting) in EE duodenal biopsies (N = 19 children, 7 from Pakistan, 12 from Zambia) and comparing these with healthy controls (Ctl) and celiac disease (CD) patients from Italy. Densitometric analysis of immunoblots showed that EE SI biopsies …

Psychometric Properties Of The Positive Thinking Skills Scale Among College Students, Denise M. Matel-Anderson, Abir K. Bekhet

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Suicide continues to be in the top leading causes of death among college students. Positive thinking has been linked to increasing health outcomes and decreasing the effects of stress. The psychometric properties of the 8-item Positive Thinking Skills Scale (PTSS) has not been tested in American college students. The study used resilience as the theoretical framework. In 131 students, internal consistency and construct validity was supported. The Cronbach's alpha of 0.86 and significant correlation with measures of suicide resilience, perceived social support, and self-esteem demonstrated good reliability and validity. The findings of the study provide directions for future suicide prevention …