Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Associations Between Use Of Antimalarial Medications And Health Among U.S. Veterans Of The Wars In Iraq And Afghanistan., Aaron I. Schneiderman, Yasmin S. Cypel, Erin K. Dursa, Robert M. Bossarte

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Mefloquine (Lariam®; Roche Holding AG, Basel, Switzerland) has been linked to acute neuropsychiatric side effects. This is a concern for U.S. veterans who may have used mefloquine during recent Southwest Asia deployments. Using data from the National Health Study for a New Generation of U.S. Veterans, a population-based study of U.S. veterans who served between 2001 and 2008, we investigated associations between self-reported use of antimalarial medications and overall physical and mental health (MH) using the twelve-item short form, and with other MH outcomes using the post-traumatic stress disorder Checklist-17 and the Patient Health Questionnaire (anxiety, major depression, and self-harm). …

Selective Bladder Denervation For Overactive Bladder (Oab) Syndrome: From Concept To Healing Outcomes Using The Ovine Model, James Fugett Ii, Lynette Phillips, Emily Tobin, Eric Whitbrook, Haydon Bennett, Joshua Shrout, James E. Coad

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Aims: We evaluated a Selective Bladder Denervation (SBD) device, which uses radiofrequency ablation, for the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome in terms of its nerve denervation, ablation characteristics, and post-treatment healing. Methods: Using the SBD device, eight fresh extirpated ovine bladder trigones were treated (90°C set point for 60 s) and nitroblue tetrazolium viability stained to characterize the ablation. In addition, 12 trigones were treated in vivo with three adjacent ablations and divided into survival cohorts: Day 7, Day 30, and Day 90 to assess the ablations and their associated healing. Results: The ex vivo single trigone ablations had a …

Predictors Of Preoperative Program Non-Completion In Adolescents Referred For Bariatric Surgery, Cassie Brode, Megan Ratcliff, Jennifer Reiter-Purtill, Sanita Hunsaker, Michael Helmrath, Meg Zeller

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

Background—Factors contributing to adolescents’ non-completion of bariatric surgery, defined as self-withdrawal during the preoperative phase of care, independent of program or insurance denial, are largely unknown. Recent adolescent and adult bariatric surgery literature indicate that psychological factors and treatment withdrawal play a role; however, for adolescents, additional age-salient (family/caregiver) variables might also influence progression to surgery. Objectives—The present study examined demographic, psychological, and family/caregiver variables as predictors of whether adolescents completed surgery (“completers”) or withdrew from treatment (“non-completers”). Setting—Adolescents were from a bariatric surgery program within a pediatric tertiary care hospital. Methods—A retrospective chart review was conducted of consecutive patients …

Editorial, Audrey Duarte, Marc Haut, Natasha Rajah

Clinical and Translational Science Institute

No abstract provided.

A Patient-Centered Approach Towards Designing A Novel Cied Remote Monitoring Report, Michael J. Mirro, Romisa Rohani Ghahari, R Ahmed, Lauren Reining, Shauna Wagner, Gavin Lehmann, Jaime Heller, Melissa Omlor, Tammy Toscos

Presentations and Events

Objective: We sought to identify the CIED remote monitoring device report content for delivery to patients via a Personal Health Record that encompasses all available device data and is responsive to user information needs and preferences.

Conclusions: 1. Patients do not wish to receive all RM data 2. Interested in receiving device activity and cardiac episode data 3. Not interested in device settings or information 4. Shared preferences are useful for a novel patient-centered RM report 5. Current study extends our previous work confirming the patient desire for RM data

Himmelfarb Headlines - September/October 2018, George Washington University, Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library

Himmelfarb Headlines (2009 - present)

News and information about Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library of interest to users.

Epigenetic Biomarkers For Alzheimer’S Disease Using A Transgenic Porcine Model, Yoon Hee Cho

University Grant Program Reports

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for approximately 60~70% of dementia cases. AD afflicts more than 35.6 million individuals worldwide and is expected to increase to 65.7 million by 2030 and 115.4 million by 2050 ¹; AD is a serious public health problem that is causing increased health care costs worldwide. Typically, AD is a relentlessly progressive disorder that initially manifests as severe loss of memory, particularly episodic memory.² The disorder is not curable at present, and the mechanisms driving development of AD are not fully understood. Therefore, there is an urgent need …

A Qualitative Examination Of Women's Self-Presentation And Social Physique Anxiety During Injury Rehabilitation, Molly V. Driediger, Craig R. Hall, Carly D. Mckay

Paediatrics Publications

No abstract provided.

Alcohol Advertising On Facebook And The Desire To Drink Among Young Adults, Jonathan K. Noel, Thomas F. Babor

Health & Wellness Department Faculty Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Development And Implementation Of A Mobile Device-Based Pediatric Electronic Decision Support Tool As Part Of A National Practice Standardization Project, Russell J Mcculloh, Sarah D Fouquet, Joshua Herigon, Eric A Biondi, Brandan Kennedy, Ellen Kerns, Adrienne Deporre, Jessica L Markham, Y Raymond Chan, Krista Nelson, Jason G Newland

2010-2019 OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: Implementing evidence-based practices requires a multi-faceted approach. Electronic clinical decision support (ECDS) tools may encourage evidence-based practice adoption. However, data regarding the role of mobile ECDS tools in pediatrics is scant. Our objective is to describe the development, distribution, and usage patterns of a smartphone-based ECDS tool within a national practice standardization project.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We developed a smartphone-based ECDS tool for use in the American Academy of Pediatrics, Value in Inpatient Pediatrics Network project entitled "Reducing Excessive Variation in the Infant Sepsis Evaluation (REVISE)." The mobile application (app), PedsGuide, was developed using evidence-based recommendations created by an …

Macrophages But Not Astrocytes Harbor Hiv Dna In The Brains Of Hiv-1-Infected Aviremic Individuals On Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy, Allen Ko, Guobin Kang, Julian B. Hattler, Hadiza I. Galadima, Junfeng Zhang, Qingsheng Li, Woong-Ki Kim

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

The question of whether the human brain is an anatomical site of persistent HIV-1 infection during suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) is critical, but remains unanswered. The presence of virus in the brains of HIV patients whose viral load is effectively suppressed would demonstrate not only the potential for CNS to act as an anatomical HIV reservoir, but also the urgent need to understand the factors contributing to persistent HIV behind the blood-brain barrier. Here, we investigated for the first time the presence of cells harboring HIV DNA and RNA in the brains from subjects with undetectable plasma viral load and …

Complementary And Integrative Approaches For Pain Management, Geoffrey M. Bove, Magdalena Naylor, M. Catherine Bushnell

Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications

Many people around the world use health care approaches that were developed outside conventional allopathic medicine. More than 30% of adults in the United States, with similar numbers in Europe, utilize complementary health approaches [20,47]. Chronic pain, particularly musculoskeletal pain, is one of the most common reasons for individuals to use complementary health care approaches. It is estimated that more than 40% of individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain try some form of complementary therapy [21].

Chronic pain has become a health crisis in the United States and around the world. It is estimated that the prevalence of chronic pain (defined …

The Cutaneous Microbiome And Wounds: New Molecular Targets To Promote Wound Healing, Taylor R. Johnson, Belinda I. Gomez, Matthew K. Mcintyre, Michael A. Dubick, Robert J. Christy, Susannah E. Nicholson, David M. Burmeister

NYMC Student Publications

The ecological community of microorganisms in/on humans, termed the microbiome, is vital for sustaining homeostasis. While culture-independent techniques have revealed the role of the gut microbiome in human health and disease, the role of the cutaneous microbiome in wound healing is less defined. Skin commensals are essential in the maintenance of the epithelial barrier function, regulation of the host immune system, and protection from invading pathogenic microorganisms. In this review, we summarize the literature derived from pre-clinical and clinical studies on how changes in the microbiome of various acute and chronic skin wounds impact wound healing tissue regeneration. Furthermore, we …

The Musician's Mark, Sandy Milgraum, Eric Gold, David M. Milgraum

NYMC Student Publications

No abstract provided.

Immunomodulatory Interventions In Myocardial Infarction And Heart Failure: A Systematic Review Of Clinical Trials And Meta-Analysis Of Il-1 Inhibition., Mona Panahi, Angelos Papanikolaou, Azam Torabi, Ji-Gang Zhang, Habib Khan, Ali Vazir, Muneer G. Hasham, John G F Cleland, Nadia Rosenthal, Sian E Harding, Susanne Sattler

Faculty Research 2018

Following a myocardial infarction (MI), the immune system helps to repair ischaemic damage and restore tissue integrity, but excessive inflammation has been implicated in adverse cardiac remodelling and development towards heart failure (HF). Pre-clinical studies suggest that timely resolution of inflammation may help prevent HF development and progression. Therapeutic attempts to prevent excessive post-MI inflammation in patients have included pharmacological interventions ranging from broad immunosuppression to immunomodulatory approaches targeting specific cell types or factors with the aim to maintain beneficial aspects of the early post-MI immune response. These include the blockade of early initiators of inflammation including reactive oxygen species …

Mapk Reliance Via Acquired Cdk4/6 Inhibitor Resistance In Cancer., Renée De Leeuw, Christopher Mcnair, Matthew J. Schiewer, Neermala Poudel Neupane, Lucas J. Brand, Michael A. Augello, Zhen Li, Larry C. Cheng, Akihiro Yoshida, Sean M. Courtney, E. Starr Hazard, Gary Hardiman, Maha H. Hussain, J. Alan Diehl, Justin M. Drake, William Kevin Kelly, Karen E. Knudsen

Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

Purpose: Loss of cell-cycle control is a hallmark of cancer, which can be targeted with agents, including cyclin-dependent kinase-4/6 (CDK4/6) kinase inhibitors that impinge upon the G₁-S cell-cycle checkpoint via maintaining activity of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (RB). This class of drugs is under clinical investigation for various solid tumor types and has recently been FDA-approved for treatment of breast cancer. However, development of therapeutic resistance is not uncommon.

Experimental Design: In this study, palbociclib (a CDK4/6 inhibitor) resistance was established in models of early stage, RB-positive cancer.

Results: This study demonstrates that acquired palbociclib resistance renders cancer …

Comparative Proteomic Analyses Of Human Adipose Extracellular Matrices Decellularized Using Alternative Procedures, Caasy Porch-Thomas, Jie Li, Fabiana Zanata, Elizabeth C. Martin, Nicholas Pashos, Kaylynn Genemaras, Nicholas J. Poche, Nicholas P. Totaro, Melyssa R. Bratton, Dina Gaupp, Trivia Frazier, Xiying Wu, Lydia Masako Ferreira, Weidong Tian, Guangdi Wang, Bruce A. Bunnell, Lauren Flynn, Daniel Hayes, Jeffrey M. Gimble

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Decellularized human adipose tissue has potential clinical utility as a processed biological scaffold for soft tissue cosmesis, grafting, and reconstruction. Adipose tissue decellularization has been accomplished using enzymatic-, detergent-, and/or solvent-based methods. To examine the hypothesis that distinct decellularization processes may yield scaffolds with differing compositions, the current study employed mass spectrometry to compare the proteomes of human adipose-derived matrices generated through three independent methods combining enzymatic-, detergent-, and/or solvent-based steps. In addition to protein content, bioscaffolds were evaluated for deoxyribose nucleic acid depletion, extracellular matrix composition, and physical structure using optical density, histochemical staining, and scanning electron microscopy. Mass …

Effectiveness Of 4-Aminopyridine For The Management Of Spasticity In Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review, Joshua Weiner, Jane Hsieh, Amanda Mcintyre, Robert Teasell

Epidemiology and Biostatistics Publications

Background: Spasticity is a common secondary complication of spinal cord injury (SCI), which can severely impact functional independence and quality of life. 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP) is a potassium channel blocker that has been studied as an intervention for spasticity in individuals with SCI. Objective: To conduct a systematic review of the available evidence regarding the effectiveness of 4-AP for the management of spasticity in individuals with SCI. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted on five electronic databases for articles published in English up to January 2017. Studies were included if (1) the sample size was three or more subjects, (2) …

Barriers To Supportive Care During The Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak In West Africa: Results Of A Qualitative Study, Christine Loignon, Elysée Nouvet, François Couturier, Lynda Benhadj, Neill K.J. Adhikari, Srinivas Murthy, Rob A. Fowler, François Lamontagne

Health Studies Publications

© 2018 Loignon et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Background During the 2013–2016 West Africa Ebola outbreak, supportive care was the only non-experimental treatment option for patients with Ebola virus disease (EVD). However, providing care that would otherwise be routine for most clinical settings in the context of a highly contagious and lethal pathogen is much more challenging. The objective of this study was to document and deepen understanding of …

Altered Maternal And Placental Lipid Metabolism And Fetal Fat Development In Obesity: Current Knowledge And Advances In Non-Invasive Assessment, Flavien Delhaes, Stephanie A. Giza, Tianna Koreman, Genevieve Eastabrook, Charles A. Mckenzie, Samantha Bedell, Timothy R.H. Regnault, Barbra De Vrijer

Medical Biophysics Publications

No abstract provided.

Validation And Optimisation Of A Touchscreen Progressive Ratio Test Of Motivation In Male Rats, Jonathan M. Hailwood, Christopher J. Heath, Trevor W. Robbins, Lisa M. Saksida, Timothy J. Bussey

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

© 2018, The Author(s). Rationale: Across species, effort-related motivation can be assessed by testing behaviour under a progressive ratio (PR) schedule of reinforcement. However, to date, PR tasks for rodents have been available using traditional operant response systems only. Objectives: Touchscreen operant response systems allow the assessment of behaviour in laboratory rodents, using tasks that share high face validity with the computerised assessments used in humans. Here, we sought to optimise a rat touchscreen variant of PR and validate it by assessing the effects of a number of manipulations known to affect PR performance in non-touchscreen paradigms. Methods: Separate groups …

Cardiorespiratory Fitness Is Positively Associated With Waist To Height Ratio And School Socio Economic Status In Irish Primary School Aged Children, M. O'Leary, E. Rush, Seán Lacey, Con Burns, Tara Coppinger

Publications

Background; The purpose of this paper is to examine any association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and markers of health among 6 and 10 year old Irish children. Methods; A total of 917 children (6 year olds, N=459; 10 year olds, N=458) from 11 primary schools in Cork (Ireland) participated. Body composition, blood pressure (BP), CRF (550-metre distance run) and school socio-economic status (SES) were assessed. Children were classified as low or high fitness based on run-time standard deviation scores (SDS). Physical activity (PA) determined over 1 week by accelerometry was collected from a sub sample of 700 children (76.3%). Results; …

Best Practice Policy: Utilizing A Standardized Handoff Tool Postoperatively In An Intensive Care Unit For Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery, Alexandra Bradley

Doctoral Projects

Communication is a key aspect of care in the health care setting. Handoff communication occurs between medical provider’s numerous times a day. Each patient handoff performed has the potential for ineffective communication, leading to poor patient outcomes. The Joint Commission has recognized handoff communication as one of the main causes of sentinel events, or unexpected events that results in patient harm or death, in the health care setting (Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health care Organizations [JCAHO], 2012). The Joint Commissions National Patient Safety Goal requires “a standardized approach” for provider handoffs. The introduction of a checklist or handoff tool …

Medication Adherence And Its Implications For Clinical Research: An Example From Low Income, Urban Young Adults Living With Hiv/Aids, Kathleen A. Thoma

Clinical Research and Leadership Faculty Posters and Presentations

Consistent medication adherence by study participants is essential for producing valid and reliable safety and efficacy data in clinical trials. Adherence to investigational medications can be a challenge, particularly for study participants who have complex medication regimens, a stigmatized illness such as HIV/AIDS or a mental health disorder, and risk factors for poor adherence such as young or old age, poor health status, cognitive issues, low health literacy, and low socioeconomic status. A deep understanding of the study population’s beliefs, attitudes, motivations, and prior experiences regarding medication adherence can assist clinical research professionals with predicting medication adherence potential during the …

Individual And Community Quality Of Life In Nonmetropolitan Nebraska: Nebraska Rural Poll Research Report 18-3, Rebecca Vogt, Cheryl A. Burkhart-Kriesel, Randolph Cantrell, Brad Lubben, Larry J. Mcelravy Jr., Timothy Meyer

Rural Futures Institute: Publications

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Introduction

Trends in Community Ratings (1996–2018)

Community Change, 1996–2018

Expected Community Change Ten Years from Now: 2011–2018

Expected Destination of Those Planning to Move: 1998–2018

Proportions of Respondents Very or Somewhat Satisfied with Each Service, 1997–2018

The Community and Its Attributes in 2018

Perceptions of Community Change by Region

Expected Community Change in Ten Years by Community Size

Feelings of Community Powerlessness by Region

Satisfaction with Retail Shopping by Region

Satisfaction with Cost of Housing by Community Size

Satisfaction with Cellular Phone Service by Community Size

Opinions About Community

Change in Community Political Discussions during …

Role Of Palliative Csf Diversion In Patients With Intracranial Metastatic Disease And Symptomatic Hydrocephalus, Farhan A. Mirza, Muhammad Shahzad Shamim

Section of Neurosurgery

Hydrocephalus, unless treated, is one of the terminal manifestations of intracranial metastatic disease. Single lesions causing obstructive hydrocephalus are amenable to surgical resection, but in the setting of multiple lesions and communicating hydrocephalus from leptomeningeal disease, the approach to treatment is much less defined. The use of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS) has been described, but data is limited. In this review, we summarize the sparse data available in literature describing the use of CSF diversion for patients with metastatic disease presenting with hydrocephalus and neurological decline.

Improving The Nutrition And Screen Time Environment Through Self-Assessment In Family Childcare Homes In Nebraska, Dipti A. Dev, Natalie Williams, Iheoma Iruka, Aileen Garcia, Yage Guo, Irina Patwardhan, Katrina Cummings, Zainab Rida, Emily Hulse, Ami Sedani

Counseling and Human Development Faculty Publications

Objective: To determine if family childcare homes (FCCH) in Nebraska meet best practices for nutrition and screen time, and if focusing on nutrition and screen time policies and practices improves the FCCH environment. Design: A pre–post evaluation was conducted using the Go Nutrition and Physical Activity Self-Assessment for Childcare (Go NAP SACC). Setting: FCCH in Nebraska, USA. Subjects: FCCH enrolled in the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP; n 208) participated in a pre–post evaluation using Go NAP SACC. Results: At baseline, all FCCH met the minimum childcare standards for fifty-four of fifty-six practices in nutrition and screen time. …

Compound Heterozygosity For A Whole Gene Deletion And P.R124c Mutation In Cyp21a2 Causing Nonclassic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, Hamza Nasir, Syed Ibaad Ali, N Haque, Stefan K. Grebe, Salman Kirmani

Section of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism

We present a family with 2 members who received long-term steroid treatment for presumed classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, until molecular testing revealed nonclassic CAH, not necessarily requiring treatment. A 17-year-old male presented to our clinic on glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid treatment for classic CAH. He was diagnosed at 4 years of age based on mild-moderate elevations of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), but without evidence of precocious adrenarche/puberty. Due to his diagnosis, his clinically asymptomatic 3-year-old sister was tested and also found to have elevated ACTH and 17-OHP levels and was started on glucocorticoids for …

Men’S Health In Industries: Plastic Plant Pollution And Prevalence Of Pre-Diabetes And Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Sultan Ayoub Meo, Faris Jamal Almutairi, Majed Mohammed Alasbali, Turki Badr Alqahtani, Saad Saeed Almutairi, Rakan Abdulaziz Albuhayjan, Fawziah Al Rouq, Naseer Ahmed

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Plastic production is prominently increasing and its pollution is an emerging environmental global health concern. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among nonsmoking plastic industry workers. Three hundred and forty volunteers male plastic industry workers were interviewed after medical history and examination; finally, 278 nonsmoking plastic industry workers were selected. The mean age for the participants was 38.03 ± 10.86 years and body mass index was 25.52 ± 3.15 (kg/m)². The plastic industry workers had been exposed to plastic plant pollution for 8 hr daily, 6 days in a …

Addicted To Hope: Abating The Opioid Epidemic And Seeking Redress From Opioid Distributors For Creating A Public Nuisance, Nathan R. Hamons

West Virginia Law Review

No abstract provided.