Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Living Inside The Box: Environmental Effects On Mouse Models Of Human Disease., John P Sundberg, Paul N Schofield

Faculty Research 2018

The impact of the laboratory environment on animal models of human disease, particularly the mouse, has recently come under intense scrutiny regarding both the reproducibility of such environments and their ability to accurately recapitulate elements of human environmental conditions. One common objection to the use of mice in highly controlled facilities is that humans live in much more diverse and stressful environments, which affects the expression and characteristics of disease phenotypes. In this Special Article, we review some of the known effects of the laboratory environment on mouse phenotypes and compare them with environmental effects on humans that modify phenotypes …

Spontaneous Posterior Segment Vascular Disease Phenotype Of A Mouse Model, Rnv3, Is Dependent On The Crb1rd8 Allele., Bo Chang, Bernie Fitzmaurice, Jieping Wang, Benjamin E. Low, Michael V. Wiles, Patsy M. Nishina

Faculty Research 2018

Purpose: To determine the molecular basis of lesion development in a murine model of spontaneous retinal vascularization, rnv3 (retinal vascularization 3, aka JR5558).

Methods: Disease progression of rnv3 was examined in longitudinal studies by clinical evaluation, electroretinography (ERG) and light microscopy analyses. The chromosomal position for the recessive rnv3 mutation was determined by DNA pooling and genome-wide linkage analysis. The causative mutation was discovered by comparison of whole exome sequences of rnv3 mutant and wild-type (WT) controls. In order to confirm the causative mutation, transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN)-mediated oligonucleotide directed repair (ODR) was utilized to correct the mutant allele. …

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Als Yeast Models-Past Success Stories And New Opportunities, Sonja E. Di Gregorio, Martin L. Duennwald

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

In the past two decades, yeast models have delivered profound insights into basic mechanisms of protein misfolding and the dysfunction of key cellular pathways associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Expressing ALS-associated proteins, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD1), TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) and Fused in sarcoma (FUS), in yeast recapitulates major hallmarks of ALS pathology, including protein aggregation, mislocalization and cellular toxicity. Results from yeast have consistently been recapitulated in other model systems and even specimens from human patients, thus providing evidence for the power and validity of ALS yeast models. Focusing on impaired ribonucleic acid (RNA) metabolism …

Overall Survival (Os) Implications For Patients With Mcrpc Through Coverage And Adoption Of Nuclear Ar-V7 Testing By Healthcare Systems, J Hornberger, R P. Graf, M Hulling, G Attard, A Allan, R Dittamore, H Scher

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

No abstract provided.

Behavioral Plasticity Of Audiovisual Perception: Rapid Recalibration Of Temporal Sensitivity But Not Perceptual Binding Following Adult-Onset Hearing Loss, Ashley L. Schormans, Brian L. Allaman

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

The ability to accurately integrate or bind stimuli from more than one sensory modality is highly dependent on the features of the stimuli, such as their intensity and relative timing. Previous studies have demonstrated that the ability to perceptually bind stimuli is impaired in various clinical conditions such as autism, dyslexia, schizophrenia, as well as aging. However, it remains unknown if adult-onset hearing loss, separate from aging, influences audiovisual temporal acuity. In the present study, rats were trained using appetitive operant conditioning to perform an audiovisual temporal order judgment (TOJ) task or synchrony judgment (SJ) task in order to investigate …

Implementing The Proclamation Of Stroke And Potentially Preventable Dementias, Vladimir Hachinski, Detlev Ganten, Daniel Lackland, Reinhold Kreutz, Konstantinos Tsioufis, Werner Hacke

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Brain health plays a central role in wellbeing and in the management of chronic diseases. Stroke and dementia pose the two greatest threats to brain health, but recent developments suggest the possibility that preventing stroke may also prevent some dementias: 1. A large population study showed a 32% decrease in the incidence of stroke and a concomitant 7% reduction in the incidence of dementia; 2. Treatment of atrial fibrillation resulted not only in stroke reduction, but a 48% decrease in dementia; 3. A hypothesis free analyses has shown that the first phase of Alzheimer disease involves vascular dysregulation, opening the …

Altered Auditory Processing, Filtering, And Reactivity N The Cntnap2 Knock-Out Rat Model For Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Kaela E. Scott, Ashley L. Schormans, Katharine Y. Pacoli, Cleusa De Oliveria, Brian L. Allman, Susanne Schmid

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Sensory processing, and auditory processing in particular, is altered in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The typical maturation of the auditory system is perturbed in these individuals during early development, which may underlie altered auditory reactivity that persists in later life. Of the many genes that regulate the auditory system development, loss-of-function mutations in the CNTNAP2 gene are strongly associated with language processing deficits and ASD. Therefore, using a novel Cntnap2 knock-out rat model, we tested the impact of Cntnap2 loss on auditory processing, filtering, and reactivity throughout development and young adulthood in male and …

The Role Of Cholinergic Midbrain Neurons In Startle And Prepulse Inhibition, Erin Azzopardi, Andrea G. Louttit, Cleusa Deoliveira, Steven R, Laviolette, Susanne Schmid

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

One of the two major cholinergic centers of the mammalian brain is located in the midbrain, i.e., the pedunculopontine tegmentum (PPTg) and the adjacent laterodorsal tegmentum. These cholinergic neurons have been shown to be important for e.g., arousal, reward associations, and sleep. They also have been suggested to mediate sensorimotor gating, measured as prepulse inhibition of startle (PPI). PPI disruptions are a hallmark of schizophrenia and are observed in various other psychiatric disorders, where they are associated with, and often predictive of, other cognitive symptoms. PPI has been proposed to be mediated by a short midbrain circuitry including inhibitory cholinergic …

Everolimus In Advanced Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, J Raphael, C Lefebvre, A Allan, J Helou, G Boldt, T Vandenberg

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

No abstract provided.

Air Pollution: A Silent Common Killer For Stroke And Dementia, Mahmoud R. Azarpazhooh, Vladimir Hachinski

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

No abstract provided.

Substance Use Patterns Among Women Living With Hiv Compared With The General Female Population Of Canada, Mostafa Shokoohi, Greta R Bauer, Angela Kaida, Ashley Lacombe-Duncan, Mina Kazemi, Brenda Gagnier, Alexandra De Pokomandy, Mona Loutfy

Epidemiology and Biostatistics Publications

BACKGROUND: HIV infection and substance use synergistically impact health outcomes of people with HIV. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of substance use among women living with HIV (WLWH) and compared them with expected values from general data.

METHODS: Cigarette smoking, frequency of alcohol consumption, last-month non-prescribed cannabis use (vs. last-year use), and last 3 months regular (≥once/week) and occasional (

RESULTS: Compared to expected estimates from general population women, a higher proportion of WLWH reported daily cigarette smoking (SPD: 26.8% [95% CI: 23.9, 29.7]), smoking ≥20 cigarettes/day (SPD: 11.6% [9.8, 13.6]), regular non-prescribed cannabis use (SPD: 8.0% [4.1, …

Family Physician Remuneration Schemes And Specialist Referrals: Quasi-Experimental Evidence From Ontario, Canada., Sisira Sarma, Nirav Mehta, Rose Anne Devlin, Koffi Ahoto Kpelitse, Lihua Li

Epidemiology and Biostatistics Publications

Understanding how family physicians respond to incentives from remuneration schemes is a central theme in the literature. One understudied aspect is referrals to specialists. Although the theoretical literature has suggested that capitation increases referrals to specialists, the empirical evidence is mixed. We push forward the empirical research on this question by studying family physicians who switched from blended fee-for-service to blended capitation in Ontario, Canada. Using several health administrative databases from 2005 to 2013, we rely on inverse probability weighting with fixed-effects regression models to account for observed and unobserved differences between the switchers and nonswitchers. Switching from blended fee-for-service …

A Collaborative Approach To Decision Making Through Developmental Monitoring To Provide Individualized Services For Children With Cerebral Palsy., Doreen J Bartlett, Sarah W Mccoy, Lisa A Chiarello, Lisa Avery, Barbara Galuppi, On Track Study Team

Physical Therapy Publications

In this Perspective, we suggest a process to improve physical and occupational therapists’ and families’ collaboration to provide appropriate, efficient, and effective evidence-based services to improve motor function, self-care performance, and participation in family and recreation activities for children with cerebral palsy (CP). This process is informed by 2 multisite prospective cohort studies (Move & PLAY and On Track). The heterogeneity of children with CP is described, limiting the utility of evidence from randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews to inform service planning for children with CP. An evidence-based alternative using prospective cohort studies that produce knowledge of determinants of …

Stability Of The Gross Motor Function Classification System, Manual Ability Classification System, And Communication Function Classification System., Robert J Palisano, Lisa Avery, Jan Willem Gorter, Barbara Galuppi, Sarah Westcott Mccoy

Physical Therapy Publications

AIM: To determine the stability of the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), and Communication Function Classification System (CFCS) over 1-year and 2-year intervals using a process for consensus classification between parents and therapists.

METHOD: Participants were 664 children with cerebral palsy (CP), 18 months to 12 years of age, one of their parents, and 90 therapists. Consensus between parents and therapists on level of function was ≥92% for the GMFCS, MACS, and CFCS. A linearly weighted kappa coefficient of ≥0.75 was the criterion for stability.

RESULTS: Kappa coefficients varied from 0.76 to 0.88 for …

Alveolar Recruitment Maneuvers And Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation In Obese Patients: A Quality Improvement Project, Ryan Miles

Doctoral Projects

Obesity is considered a complex, and often difficult to manage the diseasethat develops due to many factors. Over one-third of the U.S. population is considered to be obese with Mississippi ranked as second highest in adult obesity (WHO, 2016). With the increasedprevalence of obese patients, it is inevitable that these patients will be presenting for surgical procedures. Obesity and its comorbidities can prove to be challenging for anesthesia providers. These patients often will have compromised respiratory function due to an accumulation of adipose tissue on the abdominal, thoracic, and diaphragmatic structures(Nagelhout, 2014). General anesthesia causes atelectasis and reductions in lung …

Use Of A Vietnamese Pain Scale And Report Of Pain Or Discomfort In Vietnamese Patients With Limited English Proficiency During The Post-Operative Period, Kristine Ho

Doctoral Projects

Language and the ability to communicate with the patient are foundational for effective anesthesia/patient relationships (Rosse, Bruijne, Suurmond, Essink-Bot, &Wagner, 2015). The burgeoning population of Vietnamese people in the United States demands implementation of procedures to ensure adequate communication and safe care. The present project sought to determine if the Wong-BakerVietnamese Pain Rating® Scale assisted Vietnamese patients with limited English proficiency to adequately report pain or discomfort relief during the post-operative period. A convenience sample of adults (N = 25) that meet inclusion criteria constituted the sample. Inclusive criteria were patients who were Vietnamese, between the ages of 30 …

Intraoperative Ketamine Administration: An Adjunctive Therapy That Reduces Postoperative Pain For Patients Undergoing Spinal Surgery, Brittany Pierce

Doctoral Projects

In 2017, the United States Department of Health and Human Services declared that the country was experiencing an opioid crisis (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2018). As a result of this phenomenon, healthcare providers are examining how they are managing pain and researching new avenues for the treatment of pain. Anesthesia providers are in a unique position to help reduce postoperative pain and ultimately the development of chronic pain. This doctoral project was conducted in order to write an evidence-based policy that directs and educates anesthesia providers in the administration of intraoperative ketamine to reduce postoperative pain in …

Laryngeal Mask Airway: A Postoperative Sore Throat Clinical Practice Guideline, Logan Williams

Doctoral Projects

One of the most common and preventable complications experienced by patients undergoing general anesthesia is a postoperative sore throat (POST). Up to 70% of patients who receive a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) during anesthesia suffer from POST. Despite its regular occurrence and designation as a minor complication, POST has proven to be a distressing complication for patients afflicted. Consequently, a perceived minor complication can, in fact, play a major role in a patient’s perception of their care, the skill of their anesthesia provider, and their overall satisfaction with their experience.

Evidence shows that inflation of LMA cuffs beyond the recommended …

Utilizing The Stop-Bang Questionnaire As A Preoperative Assessment Tool In Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Procedures, Emily Randle

Doctoral Projects

In the world of anesthesia, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can cause a conglomeration of post-operative complications. One of the best ways to avoid these complications is to alter one’s anesthetic to accommodate the needs of a patient with OSA. The current issue with altering one’s anesthetic is that a majority of patients with OSA still remain undiagnosed. My project that will showcase just how many patients have undiagnosed OSA.

The goal of this project was to recognize how many patients were at moderate to high risk for OSA. I did this by providing an in-service on OSA and the STOP-Bang …

Core Stabilization And Pelvic Motility Training For A 28-Week Pregnant Female With Low Back Pain And Sciatic Nerve Pain, Jenna Belser, Anne H. Boddy

St. Augustine, Fall 2018

The purpose of this case study is to determine the effects of core stabilization and pelvis mobility training for a 28-week pregnant female to improve function and decrease pain.

Low back pain during pregnancy is a common occurrence that affects a majority of the population.¹ Over the five treatment sessions, the patient was able to tolerate a full ten-hour work shift and sleep through the night. She also showed improvements in muscle strength and flexibility. As seen in non-pregnant females, the patient was able to have a decrease in pain and improvement in function with these techniques.⁴

Fsm Restores Activity To Trapezius For 67 Y.O. Male, Marilyn Miller, Carolyn R. Mcmakin

San Marcos, Fall 2018

One session of frequency specific microcurrent (FSM) restored voluntary function and muscle definition for a 67 y. o. male DIY enthusiast after 18 mos of disuse.

Service Learning For Balance And Activity Promotion In The Older Adult, Christine Mary Childers

San Marcos, Summer 2018

Barr and Wong¹ challenged faculty to provide creative and innovative ways of teaching meaningful content related to care of the older adult population.¹ Service learning combines community service with learning objectives and reflection, meeting academic and community needs.² Service learning helps students manage the complex care of the older adult stroke population³ and intergenerational programs benefit both generations.⁴ The purpose of this study was to explore and compare student ideas and thoughts regarding balance and activity promotion in the older adult, both with and without a service learning opportunity Falls are a leading concern with …

A Different Instructional Model To Improve Student Learning Outcomes In Gross And Applied Anatomy For Physical Therapy Students, Cherie Peters-Brinkerhof, Christine Mary Childers

San Marcos, Fall 2018

Teaching and learning anatomy in a DPT program poses a challenge to students and faculty because of the volume of material needed as foundational information for a PT curriculum. The aim of this study was to determine if a round-robin model of instruction in anatomy and applied anatomy labs, is more effective to meet the course learning objectives compared to a more traditional, separate class instruction.

Guiding Questions:

1. What were the faculty and students’ perception of the teaching method used for anatomy and applied anatomy?

2. What were the faculty's perceptions of the students’ understanding of the material presented? …

Anti-Gravity Treadmill Training With 19-Year-Old Soccer Player Status Post-Leukemia, Britni Barber, Lisa Chase

St. Augustine, Fall 2018

The purpose of this case report was to describe the effects of anti-gravity treadmill training, in addition to standard treatment protocol, on endurance performance in a 19-year-old female collegiate soccer player following chemotherapy treatment for leukemia.

Physical therapy rehabilitation of patients who are experiencing chemotherapy-related fatigue may benefit from anti-gravity treadmill training. This case report not only identifies a successful outcoming using such intervention but also introduces a more aggressive approach to treatment for a patient whose goals included going back to play division one sports. The patient was not only able to reach her goals of being able to …

Inter-Institutional Collaboration To Benefit Student Learning: A Scenario In Graduate Education, Marilyn Miller, Linda Hill, Nicolas Van Den Heever

San Marcos, Fall 2018

Occupational and Physical Therapists are in a unique role, in which they can assist in the identification and rehabilitation of impairments. The collaboration between UCSD and USAHS is preparing students with the knowledge and skills to assess older persons for driving abilities.

The current content delivery allows the TREDS program to be available to the Gerontology course offering for other USAHS campus locations; and has the potential to be accessed by other institutions of higher education offering courses in Gerontology.

Conservative Therapy Of Patient With Dyspareunia In A Post-Menopausal State With Co-Morbidities Including Previous Breast Cancer And Valve Replacement: A Case Report, D. Ditoro, M. Mason-Cover, C. Hazelton, Annie Burke-Doe, Marilyn Miller

San Marcos, Fall 2018

Dyspareunia is defined as persistent pain in the vaginal area before, during, or after sexual intercourse.^1,2 The etiology is uncertain in the medical literature, but evidence proposes that pain and dysfunction of pelvic floor muscles (PFM) can contribute to dyspareunia and other forms of chronic pelvic pain.^1,2 The information contained in this case report is clinically relevant because it presents evidence that dyspareunia can be treated safely with physical therapy techniques on a patient with a complex medical history.

Soft Tissue Mobilization With Movement To Improve Cervical And Shoulder Range Of Motion Post-Thyroidectomy In A 36-Year-Old Male: A Case Report, Sarah Tomes, Megann Schooley

St. Augustine, Fall 2018

The purpose of this case report is to describe the effectiveness of soft tissue mobilization with movement (STMM) to improve cervical and shoulder range of motion status-post thyroidectomy in a 36-year-old male.

When addressing hypertrophic scarring and ROM restrictions after total thyroidectomy, a beneficial myofascial treatment may include STMM. A home program could incorporate STMM or self-myofascial release as well.

Power Up With Parkinson's: A Case Report, Sean Ekekwe, Anne H. Boddy

St. Augustine, Fall 2018

The purpose of this study is to highlight the use of power training in a patient with low back pain and Parkinson’s disease.

Power training demonstrated a more significant change in gait speed, mobility, and function compared to other phases in rehabilitation. After power training was implemented at visit 11, there was a dramatic increase gait speed with the 10-meter walk test, a reduction in Oswestry Disability Index score (ODI), and a decrease in Timed Up and Go (TUG) time. The increase in 10 MWT gait speed and reduction in ODI and TUG score were greater than their MDC values …