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Articles 15091 - 15120 of 15422
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
การวิเคราะห์การเรืองแสงเชิงปริมาณด้วยการใช้แสงกระตุ้นในบริเวณชิดแถบรัดฟันซึ่งยึดด้วยซีเมนต์, ชวลิต เพียรมี
การวิเคราะห์การเรืองแสงเชิงปริมาณด้วยการใช้แสงกระตุ้นในบริเวณชิดแถบรัดฟันซึ่งยึดด้วยซีเมนต์, ชวลิต เพียรมี
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
การศึกษานี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อเปรียบเทียบผลของซีเมนต์ชนิดซิงค์ฟอสเฟตซีเมนต์ (ZC) ซิงค์โพลีคาร์บอกซิเลตซีเมนต์ (ZPC) กลาสไอโอโนเมอร์ซีเมนต์ชนิดดั้งเดิม (GI) เรซินมอดิฟายด์กลาสไอโอโนเมอร์ซีเมนต์ชนิดผงและน้ำ (RMGI-P/L) เรซินมอดิฟายด์กลาสไอโอโนเมอร์ซีเมนต์ชนิดสองหลอด (RMGI-P/P) และโพลีแอซิดมอดิฟายด์คอมโพสิตเรซิน (PMCR) ต่อการยับยั้งการสูญเสียแร่ธาตุที่ผิวเคลือบฟันบริเวณขอบของแถบรัดฟัน เป็นการศึกษาในห้องปฏิบัติการโดยใช้ฟันกรามน้อยแท้ของมนุษย์จำนวน 70 ซี่ ทำการขัดผิวเคลือบฟัน และสร้างช่องหน้าต่างทดลองบริเวณกึ่งกลางของด้านไกลกลางขนาด 1 x 2 ตารางมิลลิเมตร แบ่งฟันเป็น 7 กลุ่ม เพื่อยึดด้วย; (1) ZC (Zinc Cement Improved®), (2) ZPC (Hy-Bond Polycarboxylate Cement®), (3) GI (Hy-Bond Glasionomer CX®), (4) RMGI-P/L (GC Fuji Ortho LC®), (5) RMGI-P/P (GC Fuji Ortho Band Paste Pak®), (6) PMCR (Ultra Band-Lok®) และ (7) กลุ่มควบคุมที่ไม่ได้ยึดแถบรัดฟัน (Control) จากนั้นจำลองภาวะอุณหภูมิร้อนเย็นในช่องปาก 24 ชั่วโมง และภาวะการสูญเสียและคืนกลับแร่ธาตุ 21 วัน ทำการรื้อแถบรัดฟันและกำจัดซีเมนต์ก่อนนำชิ้นงานทั้งหมดวัดค่าร้อยละการสูญเสียฟลูออเรสเซนส์บริเวณช่องหน้าต่างทดลอง (∆F), ค่าร้อยละการสูญเสียฟลูออเรสเซนส์สูงสุดบริเวณช่องหน้าต่างทดลอง (∆Fmax) ค่าพื้นที่ที่เกิดการสูญเสียฟลูออเรสเซนส์ (Area) และปริมาตรของเคลือบฟันที่สูญเสียแร่ธาตุ (∆Q) ด้วยเทคนิควิเคราะห์การเรืองแสงเชิงปริมาณด้วยการใช้แสงกระตุ้นชนิดดิจิตอล จากการวิเคราะห์ด้วยสถิติ Kruskal-Wallis test พบความแตกต่างของค่าเฉลี่ย ∆F, ∆Fmax, Area และ ∆Q ของซีเมนต์แต่ละกลุ่มอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ (P<0.001) เมื่อหาความแตกต่างทางสถิติในแต่ละคู่โดยใช้สถิติ Pairwise comparisons ไม่พบความแตกต่างกันอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติของค่าเฉลี่ย ∆F, ∆Fmax, Area และ ∆Q เมื่อจับคู่เปรียบเทียบระหว่างกลุ่ม Control:PMCR, ZP:ZPC, ZP:GI, ZP:RMGI-P/L, ZP:RMGI-P/P, ZPC:GI, ZPC:RMGI-P/L, ZPC:RMGI-P/P, GI:RMGI-P/L, GI:RMGI-P/P, RMGI-P/L:RMGI-P/P และ RMGI-P/L:PMCR แต่พบความแตกต่างอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติเมื่อจับคู่เปรียบเทียบระหว่างกลุ่ม Control:ZP, Control:ZPC, Control:GI, Control:RMGI-P/L และ Control: RMGI-P/P, PMCR:ZC, PMCR:ZPC, PMCR:GI และ PMCR:RMGI-P/P การศึกษาในครั้งนี้พบว่าฟันซึ่งยึดแถบรัดฟันด้วย ZC, ZPC, GI และ RMGI-P/P ไม่เกิดการสูญเสียแร่ธาตุที่ผิวเคลือบฟันบริเวณขอบของแถบรัดฟัน ส่วนกลุ่ม RMGI-P/L, PMCR และกลุ่มควบคุมเกิดการสูญเสียแร่ธาตุที่ผิวเคลือบฟัน โดยที่กลุ่ม RMGI-P/L เกิดการสูญเสียแร่ธาตุน้อยกว่ากลุ่มควบคุม แต่กลุ่ม PMCR เกิดการสูญเสียแร่ธาตุไม่แตกต่างจากกลุ่มควบคุม
ความเที่ยงตรงของภาพรังสีซีบีซีทีในการตรวจหารากฟันแตกแนวดิ่งในคลองรากฟันที่มีวัสดุทึบรังสีชนิดต่างๆ : การศึกษาในห้องปฏิบัติการ, กิตติพงษ์ เกตุแป้น
ความเที่ยงตรงของภาพรังสีซีบีซีทีในการตรวจหารากฟันแตกแนวดิ่งในคลองรากฟันที่มีวัสดุทึบรังสีชนิดต่างๆ : การศึกษาในห้องปฏิบัติการ, กิตติพงษ์ เกตุแป้น
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
บทนำ รากฟันแตกในแนวดิ่งเป็นหนึ่งในสาเหตุสำคัญของการสูญเสียฟันในฟันที่ผ่านการรักษาคลองรากฟันมาแล้ว ฟันที่มีรากฟันแตกในแนวดิ่งนั้นมักวินิจฉัยได้ยาก จึงได้นำภาพรังสีซีบีซีทีซึ่งสามารถทำให้มองเห็นคลองรากฟันได้ทั้งสามมิติมาตรวจวินิจฉัย แต่ข้อจำกัดของภาพรังสีซีบีซีทีคือเมื่อมีวัสดุทึบรังสีอยู่ในคลองรากฟันจะก่อให้เกิดสิ่งแปลกปนที่มีลักษณะคล้ายกับรอยแตก จุดประสงค์ของการศึกษานี้จึงต้องการศึกษาถึงความเที่ยงตรงของภาพรังสีซีบีซีทีในการตรวจหารอยแตกในแนวดิ่งในคลองรากฟันที่ถูกปิดกั้นด้วยวัสดุทึบรังสีชนิดต่างๆ วัสดุและวิธีการ ใช้ฟันกรามน้อยที่มีรากตรงรากเดียวจำนวนหกสิบซี่ โดยฟันสี่สิบซี่จำลองให้เกิดการแตกของรากฟันในแนวดิ่ง นำฟันทุกซี่ถ่ายภาพรังสีไมโครซีทีเพื่อยืนยันว่าฟันที่จำลองรอยแตกมีรอยแตกเกิดขึ้นจริง ฟันทุกซี่จะถูกถ่ายภาพรังสีซีบีซีที โดยไม่มีวัสดุทึบรังสีในคลองรากฟันใช้เป็นกลุ่มควบคุม และมีการใส่เดือยฟันโลหะเหวี่ยง เดือยฟันเส้นใยเรซิน และกัตตาเพอร์ชาเป็นวัสดุทึบรังสีในคลองรากฟัน ผู้แปลภาพรังสีสี่คนทำการแปลภาพรังสี และคำนวณหาค่าความไว ความจำเพาะ และความเที่ยงตรงของภาพรังสีซีบีซีทีในการตรวจหารากฟันแตกในแนวดิ่ง ผลการทดลอง ในคลองรากฟันที่ไม่มีวัสดุทึบรังสีพบว่าพบว่าซีบีซีทีมีค่าความไว ความจำเพาะ และความเที่ยงตรงอยู่ที่ ร้อยละ 77.5 ร้อยละ 88.75 และร้อยละ 81.86 ตามลำดับ หากมีวัสดุทึบรังสีปรากฏในคลองรากฟันจะทำให้ค่าความจำเพาะและความเที่ยงตรงของซีบีซีทีในการตรวจหารากฟันแตกในแนวดิ่งลดลง สรุป ภาพถ่ายรังสีซีบีซีทีมีความเที่ยงตรงสูงในการตรวจหารากฟันแตกในแนวดิ่งในคลองรากฟันที่ไม่มีวัสดุทึบรัง ซึ่งหากมีวัสดุทึบรังสีปรากฏในคลองรากฟันแล้วจะทำให้ความสามารถของซีบีซีทีในการวินิจฉัยรากฟันแตกในแนวดิ่งลดลง
การปรับเปลี่ยนชีวภาพเนื้อฟันด้วยสารสกัดจากเมล็ดองุ่น เมื่อใช้ร่วมกับสารยึดติดยูนิเวอร์แซล เอทช์แอนด์รินส์โหมด, กิตติศักดิ์ สะนนท์
การปรับเปลี่ยนชีวภาพเนื้อฟันด้วยสารสกัดจากเมล็ดองุ่น เมื่อใช้ร่วมกับสารยึดติดยูนิเวอร์แซล เอทช์แอนด์รินส์โหมด, กิตติศักดิ์ สะนนท์
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
การศึกษานี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาผลของการปรับเปลี่ยนชีวภาพเนื้อฟันด้วยสารสกัดจากเมล็ดองุ่นในการลดปริมาณแอคทีฟเจลาติเนส เมื่อใช้ร่วมกับสารยึดติดยูนิเวอร์แซล เอทช์แอนด์รินส์โหมด โดยใช้ผงเนื้อฟันที่เตรียมจากฟันกรามใหญ่ซี่ที่สามของมนุษย์ในการวัดปริมาณแอคทีฟเอ็มเอ็มพี ชนิดที่ 2 และใช้ชิ้นตัวอย่างการยึดติดเรซินและเนื้อฟันเพื่อศึกษาตำแหน่งที่มีแอคทีฟเจลาติเนสในชั้นไฮบริด แบ่งกลุ่มการทดลองเป็น 6 กลุ่ม คือ เนื้อฟันที่ไม่ปรับสภาพผิวใด ๆ กลุ่มเนื้อฟันที่กัดด้วยกรดฟอสฟอริก กลุ่มเนื้อฟันที่ใช้สารยึดติดยูนิเวอร์แซล เอทช์แอนด์รินส์โหมด ซิงเกิลบอนด์ ยูนิเวอร์แซล หรือ จี พรีมิโอ บอนด์ และกลุ่มที่มีการปรับสภาพเนื้อฟันด้วยสารสกัดจากเมล็ดองุ่นนาน 1 นาที หลังกัดด้วยกรดฟอสฟอริก ร่วมกับการใช้สารยึดติดดังกล่าว วิเคราะห์ข้อมูลทางสถิติด้วยการวิเคราะห์ความแปรปรวนทางเดียวและการทดสอบบองเฟอโรนี ที่ระดับนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ 0.05 พบว่า กระบวนการยึดติดเนื้อฟันด้วยสารยึดติดยูนิเวอร์แซล เอทช์แอนด์รินส์โหมด มีผลลดปริมาณแอคทีฟเอ็มเอ็มพี ชนิดที่ 2 และการปรับเปลี่ยนชีวภาพเนื้อฟันด้วยสารสกัดจากเมล็ดองุ่นยิ่งทำให้ลดปริมาณแอคทีฟเอ็มเอ็มพี ชนิดที่ 2 โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่ง เมื่อใช้สารยึดติด จี พรีมิโอ บอนด์ สอดคล้องกับผลจากการศึกษาตำแหน่งที่พบแอคทีฟเจลาติเนสในชั้นไฮบริดลดลงเมื่อใช้สารสกัดจากเมล็ดองุ่นก่อนการทาสารยึดติด จี พรีมิโอ บอนด์ อาจสรุปได้ว่าสารสกัดจากเมล็ดองุ่นช่วยส่งผลดีในการลดปริมาณแอคทีฟเจลาติเนส โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งเมื่อใช้ร่วมกับสารยึดติดที่มีความไม่ชอบน้ำสูง แต่อย่างไรก็ตาม ยังต้องศึกษาเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับกลไกการยับยั้งการทำงานของเอนไซม์ย่อยโปรตีน ผลต่อค่ากำลังการยึดติดและประสิทธิภาพของสารสกัดจากเมล็ดองุ่นในการยืดอายุของการยึดติดเนื้อฟัน
Characterization Of Craniofacial And Dental Structures Associated With Osteogenesis Imperfecta, Thunyaporn Budsamongkol
Characterization Of Craniofacial And Dental Structures Associated With Osteogenesis Imperfecta, Thunyaporn Budsamongkol
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
Objectives: To investigate craniofacial and dental characteristics and identify mutations of the patients affected with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI). Methods: Patients included in this study were diagnosed with OI. Physical, oro-dental, and radiographic examinations were performed. Mutation was identified by whole exome sequencing. Tooth characteristics including mineral density, tooth color, surface roughness, hardness, elastic modulus, mineral compositions, and ultrastructure of DGI teeth were studied compared to the controls. Results: The proband and his father were diagnosed with OI type IV and DGI. Physical and oral examinations indicated classic signs of OI including bone deformities, bone fractures, short …
The Study Of Oro-Dental Structures Of Thai Patients Affected With Amelogenesis Imperfecta, Issree Nitayavardhana
The Study Of Oro-Dental Structures Of Thai Patients Affected With Amelogenesis Imperfecta, Issree Nitayavardhana
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
Objective: To investigate oro-dental characteristics and amelogenesis imperfecta (AI)-causing genomic variants associated with AI. Methods: Three Thai families affected with autosomal dominant hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta (ADHCAI) were recruited. Whole exome sequencing was used to identify mutations, confirmed by sanger sequencing. Clinical and radiographic features were recorded. The extracted teeth obtained from 3 patients were subjected for investigations of their properties and ultrastructure by micro-computerized tomography, surface profilometer, nano-base indentation system, EDX analysis, and SEM. Results: The probands were diagnosed with ADHCAI. The nonsense mutation, c.1387C>T, p.Gln463*, in exon 5 of the FAM83H was identified in all probands. AI teeth …
Computational Methods In Biomolecules:Study Of Hydrophilic Interactions In Protein Folding & Constant-Ph Molecular Simulation Of Ph Sensitive Lipid Morc16, Wei Zhang
University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations
Water molecules play a significant role in biological process and are directly involved with bio-molecules and organic compounds and ions. Recent research has focused on the thermal dynamics and kinetics of water molecules in solution, including experimental (infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy) and computational (Quantum Mechanics and Molecular Dynamics) approaches. The reason that water molecules are so unique, why they have such a profound influence on bio-activity, why water molecules show some anomalies compared to other small molecules, and where and how water molecules exert their influence on solutes are some of the areas under study. We studied some properties …
Influence Of The Estrous Cycle And Female Sex Hormones On Ghb Toxicokinetics, Hao Wei
Influence Of The Estrous Cycle And Female Sex Hormones On Ghb Toxicokinetics, Hao Wei
University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations
Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is an endogenous short-chain fatty acid formed from Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Clinically, GHB is marketed in the United States as Xyrem to treat narcolepsy with cataplexy and in Europe for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal and narcolepsy. However, the illicit use and abuse of GHB occurs due to its sedative/hypnotic and euphoric effects. Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs and SMCTs) are integral membrane proteins that control the bidirectional transport of endogenous substrates including lactate, acetate and pyruvate. They have also been found to transport and mediate the clearance and distribution of GHB. MCTs demonstrate a wide tissue distribution, including brain, …
Attitudes, Practices, And Knowledge About Human Lactation Among Nursing Students, Ana Maria Linares, Angeline Do Nascimento Parente, Caroline Coleman
Attitudes, Practices, And Knowledge About Human Lactation Among Nursing Students, Ana Maria Linares, Angeline Do Nascimento Parente, Caroline Coleman
Nursing Faculty Publications
Nurses are on the front line of the healthcare system and should, therefore, have the evidence-based knowledge to manage breastfeeding. The objective of this study was to assess the attitudes and knowledge about human lactation among a group of nursing students. An anonymous online survey was sent to all College of Nursing students at a local university in Kentucky. Nursing students participating in the survey favored breastfeeding over formula feeding for infants. Lack of knowledge and various misconceptions about breastfeeding were reported. Whether a nursing student has or has not completed a class about human lactation during the nursing program, …
More Than Taking A Chair: The Perceived Group Social Dynamics Of Alcoholics Anonymous Related To Changes In Spiritual Practices, Alexis Kuerbis, J. Scott Tonigan
More Than Taking A Chair: The Perceived Group Social Dynamics Of Alcoholics Anonymous Related To Changes In Spiritual Practices, Alexis Kuerbis, J. Scott Tonigan
Publications and Research
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) meeting attendance and spiritual practices are established predictors of abstinence. This study utilized longitudinal data from two studies of AA to investigate 1) how perceived within meeting social dynamics in AA meetings affect later AA attendance, and thus exposure to the emphasis of spiritual practices and 2) influence the extent that spiritual gains are mobilized, beyond AA attendance. Findings revealed that greater group cohesion was associated with lower AA attrition, and that expressiveness, or openness, of the group predicted reported practice of spiritual behaviors. Findings reveal distinct group dynamics may foster distinct mechanism of change of AA …
Exploration Of Treatment Matching To Problem Drinker Characteristics With Motivational Interviewing And Non-Directive Client-Centered Psychotherapy For Problem Drinkers, Alexis Kuerbis, Jessica Houser, Svetlana Levak, Sijing Shao, Jon Morgenstern
Exploration Of Treatment Matching To Problem Drinker Characteristics With Motivational Interviewing And Non-Directive Client-Centered Psychotherapy For Problem Drinkers, Alexis Kuerbis, Jessica Houser, Svetlana Levak, Sijing Shao, Jon Morgenstern
Publications and Research
Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a known effective intervention for alcohol use disorder (AUD). MI's mechanisms of action remain inconsistently substantiated, and research in this area has been reliant on identifying relationships through strength of association rather than experimental manipulation of active ingredients. In two previous studies, a pilot and a larger replication study, we disaggregated MI into its hypothesized active ingredients by creating three conditions: MI, Spirit Only MI (SOMI, in which evocation of change talk was proscribed), and a non-therapy condition (NTC). Results from both studies yielded equivalent findings across all three conditions. In the current analyses, data from …
Towards Understanding The Role Of Small Mammals In The Transmission Of Lyme Disease In Virginia, Usa, Robert K. Rose, Laura Bitzer, Wayne Hynes, Holly D. Gaff, Robyn Nadolny, Jory Brinkerhoff
Towards Understanding The Role Of Small Mammals In The Transmission Of Lyme Disease In Virginia, Usa, Robert K. Rose, Laura Bitzer, Wayne Hynes, Holly D. Gaff, Robyn Nadolny, Jory Brinkerhoff
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Larvae and nymphs of many species of ticks select small mammals, reptiles, and birds as hosts. Since 2011, we have examined more than 1,000 small mammals of 10 species and collected a small tissue sample as well as all visible ticks; rates of infestation range from 18% in harvest mice to 53% in meadow voles. Identification of immature ticks is challenging and requires molecular or genetic methods beyond classification as being from the genus Ixodes or another genus. Ixodes ticks include Ixodes scapularis, the species that transmits the Lyme disease-causing bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi to humans. Of the approximately 2,300 ticks …
“We Hide…”: Perceptions Of Hiv Risk Among Black And Latino Msm In New York City, Ashley Murray, Zaneta Gaul, Madeline Y. Sutton, Jose Nanin
“We Hide…”: Perceptions Of Hiv Risk Among Black And Latino Msm In New York City, Ashley Murray, Zaneta Gaul, Madeline Y. Sutton, Jose Nanin
Publications and Research
Black and Latino men who have sex with men (BLMSM) are disproportionately infected with HIV; they comprised 66% of HIV diagnoses among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States in 2015. Risk factors for HIV infection among BLMSM include a high community prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed HIV/STDs, and dense sex partner networks. Perceptions of HIV risk among BLMSM were explored to inform HIV prevention efforts. During 2011–2012, semistructured interviews were conducted with BLMSM in New York City. Using computer-assisted thematic analyses (NVivo), transcribed interview responses to questions regarding HIV risk for main themes were examined. …
Advance Care Planning Documentation Strategies; Goals-Of-Care As An Alternative To Not-For-Resuscitation In Medical And Oncology Patients. A Pre-Post Controlled Study On Quantifiable Outcomes, David J.R Morgan, Derek Eng, Dominic Higgs, Maria Beilin, Caroline Bulsara, Milly Wong, Louise Angus, Nicholas Waldron
Advance Care Planning Documentation Strategies; Goals-Of-Care As An Alternative To Not-For-Resuscitation In Medical And Oncology Patients. A Pre-Post Controlled Study On Quantifiable Outcomes, David J.R Morgan, Derek Eng, Dominic Higgs, Maria Beilin, Caroline Bulsara, Milly Wong, Louise Angus, Nicholas Waldron
Nursing Papers and Journal Articles
Background: Health services in Tasmania, Victoria and now Western Australia are changing to goals-of-care (GOC) advance care planning (ACP) documentation strategies.
Aim: To compare the clinical impact of two different health department-sanctioned ACP documentation strategies.
Methods: A non-blinded, pre–post, controlled study over two corresponding 6-month periods in 2016 and 2017 comparing the current discretional not-for-resuscitation (NFR) with a new, inclusive GOC strategy in two medical/oncology wards at a large private hospital. Main outcomes were the uptake of ACP forms per hospitalisation and the timing between hospital admission, ACP form completion and in-patient death. Secondary outcomes included utilisation of the rapid …
Improving The Validity Of Script Concordance Testing By Optimising And Balancing Items, Michael Wan, Elina Tor, Judith Nicky Hudson
Improving The Validity Of Script Concordance Testing By Optimising And Balancing Items, Michael Wan, Elina Tor, Judith Nicky Hudson
Medical Papers and Journal Articles
Background: A script concordance test (SCT) is a modality for assessing clinical reasoning. Concerns had been raised about the plausible validity threat to SCT scores if students deliberately avoided the extreme answer options to obtain higher scores. The aims of the study were firstly to investigate whether students’ avoidance of the extreme answer options could result in higher scores, and secondly to determine whether a ‘balanced approach’ by careful construction of SCT items (to include extreme as well as median options as model responses) would improve the validity of an SCT.
Methods: Using the paired sample t-test, the actual average …
Physicians' Perspectives On Clinical Pharmacy Services In Northern Sweden: A Qualitative Study, Charlotta Vinterflod, Maria Gustafsson, Sofia Mattsson, Gisselle Gallego
Physicians' Perspectives On Clinical Pharmacy Services In Northern Sweden: A Qualitative Study, Charlotta Vinterflod, Maria Gustafsson, Sofia Mattsson, Gisselle Gallego
Medical Papers and Journal Articles
Background: In many countries, clinical pharmacists are part of health care teams that work to optimize drug therapy and ensure patient safety. However, in Sweden, clinical pharmacy services (CPSs) in hospital settings have not been widely implemented and regional differences exist in the uptake of these services. Physicians’ attitudes toward CPSs and collaborating with clinical pharmacists may facilitate or hinder the implementation and expansion of the CPSs and the role of the clinical pharmacist in hospital wards. The aim of this study was to explore physicians’ perceptions regarding CPSs performed at hospital wards in Northern Sweden.
Methods: Face-to-face semi-structured interviews …
Cost Analysis Of The Ctlb Study, A Multitherapy Antenatal Education Programme To Reduce Routine Interventions In Labour, Kate M. Levett, Hannah G. Dahlen, Caroline A. Smith, Kenneth William Finlayson, Soo Downe, Federico Girosi
Cost Analysis Of The Ctlb Study, A Multitherapy Antenatal Education Programme To Reduce Routine Interventions In Labour, Kate M. Levett, Hannah G. Dahlen, Caroline A. Smith, Kenneth William Finlayson, Soo Downe, Federico Girosi
Medical Papers and Journal Articles
Objective: To assess whether the multitherapy antenatal education ‘CTLB’ (Complementary Therapies for Labour and Birth) Study programme leads to net cost savings.
Design: Cost analysis of the CTLB Study, using analysis of outcomes and hospital funding data.
Methods: We take a payer perspective and use Australian Refined Diagnosis-Related Group (AR-DRG) cost data to estimate the potential savings per woman to the payer (government or private insurer). We consider scenarios in which the intervention cost is either borne by the woman or by the payer. Savings are computed as the difference in total cost between the control group and the study …
Carers' Preferences For The Delivery Of Therapy Services For People With Disability In Rural Australia: Evidence From A Discrete Choice Experiment, G Gallego, A Dew, M Lincoln, K Bulkeley, J Brentnall, C Vietch
Carers' Preferences For The Delivery Of Therapy Services For People With Disability In Rural Australia: Evidence From A Discrete Choice Experiment, G Gallego, A Dew, M Lincoln, K Bulkeley, J Brentnall, C Vietch
Medical Papers and Journal Articles
Background: The implementation of the Australian National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) is expected to generate a responsive, person-centred system that will empower people with disability to choose the services and support they receive. However little attention has been paid to examine how users of the NDIS will choose and spend their individual budgets. This study aimed to determine quantitatively the relative importance that carers of people with a disability living in rural Australia place on different therapy service delivery characteristics.
Methods: A stated preference discrete choice experiment (DCE) was incorporated into a survey of carers of people with disability living …
How Are Junior Doctors Managing Patients With Self-Limiting Illnesses At Their First Presentation? A Video Vignette Study, Eugene D'Souza, Catherine Krejany, Rosie Meng, Moyez Jiwa
How Are Junior Doctors Managing Patients With Self-Limiting Illnesses At Their First Presentation? A Video Vignette Study, Eugene D'Souza, Catherine Krejany, Rosie Meng, Moyez Jiwa
Medical Papers and Journal Articles
Purpose: To conduct a video vignette survey of medical students and doctors investigating test ordering for patients presenting with self-limiting or minor illness.
Methods: Participants were shown six video vignettes of common self-limiting illnesses and invited to devise investigation and management plans for the patients’ current presentation. The number of tests ordered was compared with those recommended by an expert panel. A Theory of Planned Behaviour Questionnaire explored participants’ beliefs and attitudes about ordering tests in the context of self-limiting illness.
Results: Participants (n=61) were recruited from across Australia. All participants ordered at least one test that was not recommended …
Relaxation Techniques For Pain Management In Labour, C. Smith, K. Levett, C. Collins, H. Dahlen, M. Suganuma
Relaxation Techniques For Pain Management In Labour, C. Smith, K. Levett, C. Collins, H. Dahlen, M. Suganuma
Medical Papers and Journal Articles
Background: Many women would like to avoid pharmacological or invasive methods of pain management in labour and this may contribute to the popularity of complementary methods of pain management. This review examined currently available evidence on the use of relaxation therapies for pain management in labour. This is an update of a review first published in 2011.
Objectives: To examine the effects of mind-body relaxation techniques for pain management in labour on maternal and neonatal well-being during and after labour.
Search methods: We searched Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth’s Trials Register (9 May 2017), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials …
Massage, Reflexology And Other Manual Methods For Pain Management In Labour, C. Smith, K. Levett, C. Collins, H. Dahlen, C. Ee, M. Suganuma
Massage, Reflexology And Other Manual Methods For Pain Management In Labour, C. Smith, K. Levett, C. Collins, H. Dahlen, C. Ee, M. Suganuma
Medical Papers and Journal Articles
Background
Many women would like to avoid pharmacological or invasive methods of pain management in labour, and thismay contribute towards the popularity of complementary methods of pain management. This review examined the evidence currently available on manual methods, including massage and reflexology, for pain management in labour. This review is an update of the review first published in 2012.
Objectives
To assess the effect, safety and acceptability of massage, reflexology and other manual methods to manage pain in labour.
Search methods
For this update, we searched Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth’s Trials Register (30 June 2017), the Cochrane Central Register of …
Impact Of Aging On The Auditory System And Related Cognitive Functions: A Narrative Review, Dona M.P Jayakody, Peter L. Friedland, Ralph N. Martins, Hamid R. Sohrabi
Impact Of Aging On The Auditory System And Related Cognitive Functions: A Narrative Review, Dona M.P Jayakody, Peter L. Friedland, Ralph N. Martins, Hamid R. Sohrabi
Medical Papers and Journal Articles
Age-related hearing loss (ARHL), presbycusis, is a chronic health condition that affects approximately one-third of the world’s population. The peripheral and central hearing alterations associated with age-related hearing loss have a profound impact on perception of verbal and non-verbal auditory stimuli. The high prevalence of hearing loss in the older adults corresponds to the increased frequency of dementia in this population. Therefore, researchers have focused their attention on age-related central effects that occur independent of the peripheral hearing loss as well as central effects of peripheral hearing loss and its association with cognitive decline and dementia. Here we review the …
Actinomyces Cavernous Sinus Infection: A Case And Systematic Literature Review, Michal Lubomski, James Dalgliesh, Kenneth Lee, Omprakash Damodaran, Genevieve Mckew, Stephen Reddel
Actinomyces Cavernous Sinus Infection: A Case And Systematic Literature Review, Michal Lubomski, James Dalgliesh, Kenneth Lee, Omprakash Damodaran, Genevieve Mckew, Stephen Reddel
Medical Papers and Journal Articles
A 63-year-old man presented with a 2-month history of progressive right-sided exophthalmos, painful ophthalmoplegia and fevers. As more features developed, he was diagnosed with giant cell arteritis then Tolosa-Hunt syndrome and transiently responded to corticosteroids. A bland cerebrospinal fluid and highly metabolically active brain (18F)-fluoro-D-glucose-positron emission tomography suggested lymphoma. Biopsy of the mass showed sulphur granules with Gram-positive filamentous bacteria with Actinomyces-like colonies. Actinomyces cavernous sinus infections are rare and indolent. They often mimic non-infective causes including other inflammatory and infiltrative conditions, vascular and neoplastic causes, particularly lymphoma. Clinicians should consider infective cavernous sinus syndromes in people with a …
Informing Implementation Of Quality Improvement In Australian Primary Care, Charlotte Hespe, Lucie Rychetnik, David Peiris, Mark Harris
Informing Implementation Of Quality Improvement In Australian Primary Care, Charlotte Hespe, Lucie Rychetnik, David Peiris, Mark Harris
Medical Papers and Journal Articles
Background: Quality Improvement (QI) initiatives in primary care are effective at improving uptake of evidence based guidelines, but are difficult to implement and sustain. In Australia meso-level health organisations such as Primary health care Organisations (PHCO) offer new opportunities to implement area-wide QI programs. This study sought to identify enablers and barriers to implementation of an existing Australian QI program and to identify strategic directions that PHCOs can use in the ongoing development of QI in this environment.
Methods: Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with 15 purposively selected program staff and participants from the Australian Primary Care Collaborative (APCC) QI …
Risk Of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease In Relation To Chlamydia And Gonorrhea Testing, Repeat Testing, And Positivity: A Population-Based Cohort Study, Joanne Reekie, Basil Donovan, Rebecca Guy, Jane S. Hocking, John M. Kaldor, Donna B. Mak, Sallie Pearson, David Preen, Louise Stewart, James W.B Liu
Risk Of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease In Relation To Chlamydia And Gonorrhea Testing, Repeat Testing, And Positivity: A Population-Based Cohort Study, Joanne Reekie, Basil Donovan, Rebecca Guy, Jane S. Hocking, John M. Kaldor, Donna B. Mak, Sallie Pearson, David Preen, Louise Stewart, James W.B Liu
Medical Papers and Journal Articles
Background: There is uncertainty around whether the risks of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) differ following Chlamydia trachomatis (chlamydia) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonorrhea) infection. We quantified the risk of PID associated with chlamydia and gonorrhea infection and subsequent repeat infections in a whole-population cohort.
Methods: A cohort of 315123 Western Australian women, born during 1974–1995, was probabilistically linked to chlamydia and gonorrhea testing records and to hospitalizations and emergency department presentations for PID from 2002 to 2013. Time-updated survival analysis was used to investigate the association between chlamydia and gonorrhea testing, and positivity, and risk of PID.
Results: Over 3199135 person-years, …
Using A Chronic Hepatitis B Registry To Support Population-Level Liver Cancer Prevention In Sydney, Australia, Monica C. Robotin, Ximena Masgoret, Mamta Porwal, David Goldsbury, Chee Khoo, Jacob George
Using A Chronic Hepatitis B Registry To Support Population-Level Liver Cancer Prevention In Sydney, Australia, Monica C. Robotin, Ximena Masgoret, Mamta Porwal, David Goldsbury, Chee Khoo, Jacob George
Medical Papers and Journal Articles
Background: Approximately 1% of Australians have chronic hepatitis B (CHB), which disproportionately affects people born in hepatitis B-endemic countries. Currently, approximately half of the people affected remain undiagnosed and antiviral treatment uptake is suboptimal (~5%). This increases the likelihood of developing end-stage disease complications, particularly hepatocellular cancer (HCC), and largely accounts for the significant increases in HCC incidence and mortality in Australia over the last decades. As our previous economic modeling suggested that CHB screening and treatment is cost-effective, we tested the feasibility of a primary carebased model of CHB diagnosis and management to prevent HCC.
Materials and methods: From …
Single-Inhaler Fluticasone Furoate/Umeclidinium/Vilanterol Versus Fluticasone Furoate/Vilanterol Plus Umeclidinium Using Two Inhalers For Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Randomized Non-Inferiority Study, Peter R. Bremner, Ruby Birk, Noushin Brealey, Afisi S. Ismaila, Chang-Qing Zhu, David A. Lipson
Single-Inhaler Fluticasone Furoate/Umeclidinium/Vilanterol Versus Fluticasone Furoate/Vilanterol Plus Umeclidinium Using Two Inhalers For Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Randomized Non-Inferiority Study, Peter R. Bremner, Ruby Birk, Noushin Brealey, Afisi S. Ismaila, Chang-Qing Zhu, David A. Lipson
Medical Papers and Journal Articles
Background: Single-inhaler fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterol (FF/UMEC/VI) 100/62.5/25 μg has been shown to improve lung function and health status, and reduce exacerbations, versus budesonide/formoterol in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We evaluated the non-inferiority of single-inhaler FF/UMEC/VI versus FF/VI + UMEC using two inhalers.
Methods: Eligible patients with COPD (aged ≥40 years; ≥1 moderate/severe exacerbation in the 12 months before screening) were randomized (1:1; stratified by the number of long-acting bronchodilators [0, 1 or 2] per day during run-in) to receive 24-week FF/UMEC/VI 100/62.5/25 μg and placebo or FF/VI 100/25 μg + UMEC 62.5 μg; all treatments/placebo were delivered using …
How Is Chaplaincy Marginalised-By Our Faith Communities And By Our Institutions And Can We Change It?, Jeffrey Cohen
How Is Chaplaincy Marginalised-By Our Faith Communities And By Our Institutions And Can We Change It?, Jeffrey Cohen
Medical Papers and Journal Articles
This paper reviews the issues confronting chaplaincy/spiritual care in the 21st century. It looks at how faith communities are changing their view of chaplaincy as well how institutions respond. The paper looks at two qualitative studies and what can be learned from them in confronting the questions raised at the beginning. It concludes with the question of how the evidence base can be expanded to make chaplaincy/spiritual care more relevant over the next few years.
Effect Of Adjunctive Ranitidine For Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain: A Systematic Review Of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials, Xiaojing Gu, Rui Chen, Chen-Hui Sun, Wei Zheng, Xin-Hu Yang, Shi-Bin Wang, Gabor S. Ungvari, Chee Ng, Andrei Golenkov, Grace Lok, Lu Li, Ines Chow, Fei Wang, Yu-Tao Xiang
Effect Of Adjunctive Ranitidine For Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain: A Systematic Review Of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials, Xiaojing Gu, Rui Chen, Chen-Hui Sun, Wei Zheng, Xin-Hu Yang, Shi-Bin Wang, Gabor S. Ungvari, Chee Ng, Andrei Golenkov, Grace Lok, Lu Li, Ines Chow, Fei Wang, Yu-Tao Xiang
Medical Papers and Journal Articles
This study was a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of ranitidine as an adjunct for antipsychotic-induced weight gain in patients with schizophrenia. RCTs reporting weight gain or metabolic side effects in patients with schizophrenia were included. Case reports/series, nonrandomized or observational studies, reviews, and meta-analyses were excluded. The primary outcome measures were body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) and body weight (kg). Four RCTs with five study arms were identified and analyzed. Compared with the control group, adjunctive ranitidine was associated with marginally significant reductions in BMI and body weight. After removing an outlier study for BMI, the effect of …
Pain Medicine Content, Teaching And Assessment In Medical School Curricula In Australia And New Zealand, Elspeth E. Shipton, Frank Bate, Raymond Garrick, Carole Steketee, Eric J. Visser
Pain Medicine Content, Teaching And Assessment In Medical School Curricula In Australia And New Zealand, Elspeth E. Shipton, Frank Bate, Raymond Garrick, Carole Steketee, Eric J. Visser
Medical Papers and Journal Articles
Background: The objective of pain medicine education is to provide medical students with opportunities to develop their knowledge, skills and professional attitudes that will lead to their becoming safe, capable, and compassionate medical practitioners who are able to meet the healthcare needs of persons in pain. This study was undertaken to identify and describe the delivery of pain medicine education at medical schools in Australia and New Zealand.
Method: All 23 medical schools in Australia and New Zealand in 2016 were included in this study. A structured curriculum audit tool was used to obtain information on pain medicine curricula including …
Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Burden Is Associated With Poststroke Depressive Symptoms: A 15-Month Prospective Study, Yan Liang, Yang-Kun Chen, Vincent C. Mok, De-Feng Wang, Gabor S. Ungvari, Winnie C. Chu, Hee-Ju Kang, Wai-Kwong Tang
Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Burden Is Associated With Poststroke Depressive Symptoms: A 15-Month Prospective Study, Yan Liang, Yang-Kun Chen, Vincent C. Mok, De-Feng Wang, Gabor S. Ungvari, Winnie C. Chu, Hee-Ju Kang, Wai-Kwong Tang
Medical Papers and Journal Articles
Objective: All types of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) markers including lacune, white matter hyperintensities (WMH), cerebral microbleeds, and perivascular spaces were found to be associated with poststroke depressive symptoms (PDS). This study explored whether the combination of the four markers constituting an overall SVD burden was associated with PDS.
Methods: A cohort of 563 patients with acute ischemic stroke were followed over a 15-month period after the index stroke. A score of _7 on the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale was defined as clinically significant PDS. Scores of the four SVD markers ascertained on magnetic resonance imaging were summed …