Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Is Maintaining A Gluten-Free Diet Effective In Decreasing Symptoms For Irritable Bowel Syndrome?, Christina T. Larkin

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not a gluten-free diet is effective in decreasing symptoms for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Study Design: Systemic review of three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials published between 2010-2016, all in the English language.

Data Sources: Data sources obtained for this review were studies published in peer reviewed journals found using PubMed Database and were selected based on outcomes measured and relevance to the objective.

Outcomes Measured: The outcomes measured were based on reduction in abdominal symptoms in IBS patients. Outcomes were measured by a series of 10 cm …

Are Monoclonal Anti-­‐Cgrp Antibodies Effective In The Treatment Of Adults With Migraines?, Lucy Johnston

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not “Are Monoclonal Anti-CGRP Antibodies Effective in the Treatment of Adults with Migraines?”

Study Design: A review of three randomized control trials (RTCs) written in English, published in 2014, 2015, and 2016.

Data Sources: Each study was published in a peer-reviewed journals found via the PubMed database. These studies measured the effectiveness of monoclonal anti-CGRP antibodies in relieving migraines in adults.

Outcomes Measured: The outcomes measured in these trials were by how much monoclonal anti-CGRP antibodies lead to a decrease from baseline in the frequency of migraine …

Does Mesalazine Improve The Symptoms Of Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome (Ibs)?, Carrie A. Loper

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this EBM review is to determine, “Does Mesalazine improve the symptoms of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?”.

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three English language primary studies, published between 2011 and 2016.

DATA SOURCES: Three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were found through the Cochrane Library, Embase, and PubMed. These studies analyzed the effectiveness of Mesalazine in treating the symptoms of patients with IBS.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: The outcomes measured included relief of abdominal pain (primary outcome) and abdominal pain intensity. The outcomes were measured by a binary scale (“yes” or “no” or relief of pain, pain severity …

Is Virtual Reality An Effective Pain Management Treatment During Wound Care Of Pediatric Burn Patients?, Angelica Mcgowan

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not “Is virtual reality an effective pain management treatment during the wound care of pediatric burn patients?”

Study Design: Systematic review of three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published, in English, in peer-reviewed journals between 2008-2014.

Data Sources: The three RCTs were found using the PubMed and Ovid databases.

Outcomes measured: All three studies measured pain perception and intensity using self-reporting questionnaires, and visual analogue scales.

Results: Jeffs et al. and Miller et al. both showed that patients using the virtual reality (VR) or augmented reality (AR) mechanisms …

Are Oral Steroids As Effective As Nsaids In Relieving Patient Pain From Gout?, Haley T. Peeples

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is the determine whether or not, “oral steroids are as effective as NSAIDS in relieving patient pain from gout?”

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three English language primary studies, published between 2008 and 2016.

DATA SOURCES: Three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were found using PubMed and Embase database. These studies analyzed the effectiveness of steroids in relieving patient pain from gout.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: The major outcomes measured were improvements in joint tenderness on palpation, joint erythema, joint swelling, and joint activity measured on a 5-point Likert scale. (0=no pain, 1=mild pain, 2=moderate pain, …

Are Inverse Agonists Of The Histamine H3 Receptor Effective In Reducing Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (Eds) In Individuals With Sleep Disorders?, Kelly-Ann Peters

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review is to determine whether or not “Are inverse agonists of the Histamine H3 receptor effective in reducing excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in individuals with sleep disorders?”

DESIGN: Review of two randomized controlled trials and one cross-sequential pilot study. All studies were primary sources, published in the English language and from 2008-2017.

DATA SOURCES: A single-blind, placebo controlled, cross-sequential study comparing an H3 inverse agonist to placebo in narcoleptics. Two randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled studies; one in narcoleptic patients and one in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. All studies found using PubMed and Cochrane …

Is Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Associated With A Decreased Mortality Rate When Compared To Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement In Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis?, Ben Singleton

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM was to investigate the question, “Is the transcatheter aortic valve replacement associated with a decreased mortality rate when compared to the surgical aortic valve replacement method in patients with severe aortic stenosis?”

Study Design: systematic review of 3 English language primary studies, published between 2013 and 2015.

Data Sources: Three Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT’s) published on or after 2010 were selected based on their relevance to the proposed questions via PubMed. All three RCT’s compared transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) vs. surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in patients with severe aortic stenosis.

Outcomes …

Is Botulinum Toxin A An Effective Treatment For Treating Children Who Have Lower Limb Spasticity From Cerebral Palsy?, Lauren Terrell

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not botulinum toxin A is an effective treatment for children who have lower limb spasticity from cerebral palsy.

STUDY DESIGN: The study by Carraro et al was a randomized double-blind clinical trial done in 2015.6The study done by Kim et al was a randomized, double-blind controlled clinical trial done in 2010.7 The study by Py et al was a clinical trial done in 2005-2006.8

DATA SOURCES: Data sources obtained for this review were articles published in peerreviewed journals found using PubMed Database.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: The outcome measured …

Are Curcuminoids Effective In Reducing Knee Pain In Adults With Knee Osteoarthritis?, Katie Jo Wacker

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not curcuminoids are effective in reducing knee pain in adults with knee osteoarthritis.

STUDY DESIGN: A review of two English language double-blind placebo-controlled randomized controlled trials and one double-blind randomized control trial (RCT) published within peer-reviewed journals after the year 2013. The studies include adult participants age 40 and over.

DATA SOURCES: Double-blind randomized controlled trials were found using PubMed database. These studies compared treatment with curcuminoids with ibuprofen or a placebo.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: Clinical outcomes of pain, stiffness and function were measured using the traditional Western …

Are Curcuminoids Effective In Improving Physical Function In Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis?, Lacey A. Miranda

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not curcuminoids are effective in improving physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Study Design: Review of a double-blind randomized control trial, a randomized control trial, and a randomized single-blind placebo-controlled trial.

Data Sources: The articles were found on PubMed and selected based on the relevance to the clinical question and if they were focused on patient-oriented evidence that matters (POEM).

Outcomes Measured: The outcomes were based solely on function measures using a patient rated WOMAC scale (WOMAC function) (patient satisfaction of treatment on a 5-category scale …

Does The Use Of Prophylactic Probiotics Prevent Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea In Adults Using One Or More Antibiotics?, David E. Castillo

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) review is to determine if the use of probiotics can prevent the incidence of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) in adults using one or more antibiotics.

STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review of three randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trials in the English language published between 2013 and 2014.

DATA SOURCES: Data sources obtained for this review were articles published in peerreviewed journals found using PubMed and Cochrane databases.

OUTCOME MEASURED: All three studies defined diarrhea as the passage of three or more loose stools in a 24-hour period. All the studies used the Bristol …

Exercise And Cancer: A Summary Of Therapeutic Intervention, Cassandra Gillespie

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Background: There is strong evidence to support the benefits of exercise for cancer patients. However, there are few literature reviews that summarize exercise as it plays a role in all aspects of the cancer diagnosis including during cancer prevention, prehabilitation in surgical cancer patients, cancer treatment, and cancer recovery. This review serves to provide a comprehensive resource for students and health care professionals for research based findings related to the interactions between exercise and cancer.

Purpose: To summarize the current research findings involving the relationship between cancer and exercise.

Data Sources: ZipSearch, Google Scholar, and MEDLINE; 2008-2018

Methods: All data …

Development And Preliminary Validation Of A Five Factor Model Measure Of Machiavellianism, Katherine L. Collison, Colin E. Vize, Joshua D. Miller, Donald R. Lynam

Department of Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications

Machiavellianism is characterized by planfulness, the ability to delay gratification, and interpersonal antagonism (i.e., manipulativeness and callousness). Although its theoretically positive relations with facets of Conscientiousness should help distinguish Machiavellianism from psychopathy, current measurements of Machiavellianism are indistinguishable from those of psychopathy in large part because of their assessment of low Conscientiousness. The goal of the present study was to create a measure of Machiavellianism that is more in line with theory using an expert-derived profile based on the 30 facets of the five-factor model (FFM) and then test the validity of that measure by comparing it with relevant constructs. …

Predictors Of Dental Opioid Analgesic Prescribing, Opioid Use And Dental Emergency Department Visits In The Mississippi Medicaid Population, Chukwuebuka Dibie

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine prevalence of opioid analgesics prescribing for non-ED dental related visits in the Mississippi Medicaid population, (2) to assess predictors of receiving opioid analgesics following non-ED dental related events among Mississippi Medicaid beneficiaries, and (3) to determine prevalence of opioid analgesic prescribing for dental related emergency departments (ED) visits in the Mississippi Medicaid population. METHODS: A retrospective, cross-sectional, observational database analysis using Mississippi Medicaid administrative claims data from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2016. Beneficiaries with dental related visits were included in this study. Descriptive statistics were utilized to assess …

Fluorinated Organic Molecules For Medicinal Applications, Munia Sowaileh

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The significant applications of fluorinated molecules in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and material sciences make them attractive synthetic targets. Difluoromethylation methods are of exceptional value and a limited number of techniques are available to perform that transformation. The primary method for introducing CF2 groups is through the use of difluoroenolates. Difluoroenolates can be generated from α-keto pentafluoro gem -diols under mild conditions. The process involves the cleavage of carbon-carbon bond and the release of trifluoroacetate. The release of trifluoroacetate is a versatile method to generate fluorinated molecules. We explored the utility of this method in generating various fluorinated moieties including α,α-difluoroketones, …

Novel Application Of Twin Screw Extruder On Production Of Diverse Formulations, Xingyou Ye

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Twin-screw extruder has attracted considerable attention in the pharmaceutical industry as an alternative processing instrument due to its advantages compared to other conventional equipment, such as economical processing, small footprint, reduced in-process times, solvent-free and continuous processing. These superiorities have led to the application of twin-screw extruder to produce numerous dosage forms, including pellets, tablets and films. Many other formulations production can also be beneficial from the introduction of twin-screw extruder to the process. Nanocrystal formulations are promising drug delivery systems owing to their ability to enhance the bioavailability and maintain the stability of poorly water-soluble drugs. However, conventional methods …

Proposal For A University Of Akron Chronic Condition Support Group, Kendra Taylor

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

With constant advancements in modern medicine, new opportunities are opening up to those diagnosed with chronic conditions during childhood and adolescence. Children who would have died early on due to their life-altering medical conditions are now living well into adulthood, with approximately 500,000 youth with chronic conditions turning 18 years old each year in the Unites States. Despite them having similar high school graduation rates as their peers, students with one or more chronic condition are only half as likely to graduate from college after starting. Data on this specific population while in college is very limited, but what is …

Vapocoolant Spray’S Effect On Peripheral Inserted Venous Catheter Pain In Adult Patients, Zachary Krol, Fiona Flaherty, Ryan Williams

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Intravenous (IV) cannulation is required to administer medications and fluids to patients. In addition, it is also a recognized source of pain and anxiety in over one-half of all patients requiring IV insertion (Page & Taylor, 2010). Pain management is within nurses’ scope of practice, therefore it’s important to identify effective pain management strategies. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect that a topical vapocoolant spray has on pain in pre-operative adults during IV cannulation. The gate control theory of pain will guide this randomized, experimental study of a convenience sample of adults in an outpatient endoscopic …

The Effect Of Lactation Consultation On The Duration Of Breastfeeding In New Mothers: A Systematic Review, Jillian Leiter, Jennifer Naegeli, Lilyana Walkley

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

In the United States, 3.978 million babies were born in the year 2015 (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 2016). Statistics show that less than 25% of newborns in the United States are breastfed for half of the recommended time by The American Academy of Pediatrics. There are many benefits to breastfeeding, but babies are not receiving these benefits. This systematic review identifies, reviews, and critically appraises the evidence regarding the effect of lactation consultation on duration of breastfeeding in new mothers. Literature was retrieved from CINAHL and Google Scholar. Each study was vetted based on criteria to fully …

The Effect Of Yoga In Reducing Pain Related To Arthritis: An Integrative Review Of The Literature, Meredith Collins, Corinne Reed

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Research shows that arthritis is the most common cause of disability in the United States (Middleton et al., 2013). The PICOT question for this systematic review of literature is “In adults over the age of 40 years, how do yoga interventions, compared to pharmacological pain relief methods alone, affect arthritic pain intensity and frequency?” This systematic review will discuss the possible benefits of using yoga as treatment for both rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. The methods for this review included a comprehensive search yielding nineteen credible studies using the databases Search-A-Roo, Google Scholar, and CINAHL Plus for full-text academic journal articles …

Preventing The Spread Of Illness In College Residence Hall Populations, Lacey Burkholder, Katherine Allensworth, Haley Schaffter

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Illness contributes to a decrease in student class attendance which can lead to increased academic stress. Decreasing the spread of illness among those living in residence halls is essential to academic success. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify interventions implemented in residence halls on college campuses to reduce the spread of illness. The PICO question directing the research for this study asks, “How do interventions affect the spread of illness in university residence hall populations?”. The research conducted was completed by means of a systematic review of literature including 20 peer reviewed articles published between 1999-2017 from …

Two-Phase Orthodontic Treatment In Class Ii Division 1 Malocclusion, Wen-Hui Hsieh, Hui-I Chen, Chin-Hsiang Chan

Taiwanese Journal of Orthodontics

A two-phase treatment comprising functional orthopedic therapy and fixed orthodontic therapy is often proposed for pubescent patients with Class II division 1 malocclusion. Mandibular retrognathism is a more common underlying cause of Class II skeletal discrepancy than the maxillary prognathism. In such cases, an activator is a widely used functional orthopedic appliances to enhance the mandibular growth. After resolving the sagittal problem by using the functional appliances, the biomechanical considerations of the anchorage requirement could be simplified in the second phase fixed appliance therapy, and the total treatment duration could be shorter. This case report describes a two-phase orthodontic treatment …

Assessment Of Midpalatal Suture Maturation For Orthodontic Diagnosis And Treatment Planning, Chiao-Yi Kao, Chin-Yun Pan, Hong-Po Chang, Yu-Chuan Tseng

Taiwanese Journal of Orthodontics

Accurately estimating the maturation of a midpalatal suture can improve the success rate of a maxillary expansion procedures. The craniofacial sutural maturation is an essential consideration in the choice between non-surgical and surgical methods of maxillary expansion. The maturation of a midpalatal suture can be assessed in several ways. This article reviews the literatures on the assessment of midpalatal suture maturation and its importance for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.

Surgical Occlusion Setup In Orthognathic Surgery Using Surgery-First Approach For Skeletal Class Iii Deformity: A Systematic Review, Shu Hsien Lo, Yu-Fang Liao

Taiwanese Journal of Orthodontics

Objective: Surgery-first orthognathic surgery is increasing in popularity because of reduced treatment time, efficient tooth decompensation, and early improvement in facial esthetics. However, it remains difficult due to the surgical occlusion setup. We systematically reviewed the literature in order to determine the guidelines used for surgical occlusion setup in orthognathic-first surgery for skeletal Class III deformity. Material and Methods: The literature was searched using PubMed, Medline (Ovid), Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases from January 1931 to June 2017. We limited the search to publications in English. Two independent investigators used specific inclusion and exclusion criteria to …

Consideration Of Facial Growth And Oral Function With The Use Of High Pull Headgear, Shao-Chun Yang, Ming-Jeaun Su, Yuen-Yung Tsang, Huei-Mei Tsai

Taiwanese Journal of Orthodontics

High pull headgear with face bow has been a popular treatment modality for upper first molars distalization and anchorage enhancement. It can effectively inhibit the eruption of upper molars, enhance condylar growth to contribute a forward movement of the mandible and further improve the bite and lip incompetence. The compliance from patients is particularly important for favorable treatment outcome. The patient was an 11-year-old boy with features of Class II division 1 malocclusion. Patient’s growth spurt seemed to be continued in the recent year. Lip biting and thumb sucking habits were suspected as the causes of patient’s malocclusion. A combination …

Clinical Use Of Contemporary Clear Aligner Therapy, Chun-Te Ho, Chien-Wei Chao, Chia-Tze Kao

Taiwanese Journal of Orthodontics

Clear aligner therapy (CAT) is an increasing popular alternative to conventional bracket therapy. This review summarized contemporary data regarding the history of CAT. The information regarding the advantages and disadvantages of CAT, biomechanical force and biological considerations, controlling orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) would be discussed in this review. The CAT is well accepted for their esthetics, comfort, good care of oral hygiene and periodontal status and suitable for interdisciplinary dental treatment. However, CAT was also considered as difficult compliance for the patients, uneasy to be handled by clinicians, unprecise root movement, difficult for the postoperative fixation in cases receiving orthognathic …

An Overview Of Digital Intraoral Scanners: Past, Present And Future- From An Orthodontic Perspective, Henry Hann-Min Hwang, Chi-Wei Chou, Yi-Jane Chen, Chung-Chen Jane Yao

Taiwanese Journal of Orthodontics

Digital intraoral scanners(IOSs) have become the ongoing trend in contemporary digital orthodontics. This article aims to elaborate the past, present, and future of IOSs from an orthodontist’s perspective. We summarized the comparison between digital and conventional impression in literatures. Also, we discussed about the imaging principles and characteristics of different IOSs. Although unable to recommend the single best option, a checklist of consideration when choosing an IOSs was developed after trailing the mainstream commercial products. With technology revolution, embracing the IOSs may be essential for those interested in future digital orthodontic workflow.

Orthodontic Treatment Management For Congenitally Missing Maxillary Lateral Incisors, Yu-Ting Sun, Tao-Wei Chang, Po-Yu Yang, Tzu-Hsin Lee

Taiwanese Journal of Orthodontics

Congenitally missing of maxillary lateral incisor is one of the most common agenesis anomalies. The purpose of this review was to present the orthodontic treatment of choice for a malocclusion with missing maxillary lateral incisors. Treatment plans consist of three categories: canine substitution, single-tooth implant and tooth supported restorations. Among which the least invasive option to achieve satisfying function and aesthetics is canine substitution. Factors such as the profile of the patient, the space analysis of dentition, and the color and shape of canine should be taken into consideration for treatment choice.

Surgical-Orthodontic Correction In Skeletal Class Iii Anterior Open Bite With An Ankylosed Maxillary Molar, Chin Suppapinyaroj, Ellen Wen-Ching Ko, Yu-Ray Chen

Taiwanese Journal of Orthodontics

This case report describes the treatment of a 24-year-old woman with chief complaints of anterior open bite and long lower jaw. She had a skeletal Class III with concave facial profile, hyperdivergent facial pattern, long lower facial height, and excessive anterior open bite. Intraoral examination revealed 26 tooth ankyloses and 32, 42 congenital missing teeth. The 26 was highly-locked, showing root penetrating into the sinus floor. Treatment was performed with a modified surgery-first approach, which included 5 months of presurgical alignment phase to upright the 27 mesially-tilted tooth and to correct upper dental midline by 14 extraction. The surgeries included …

Rapid Maxillary Alveolar Expansion In Maxillary Severe Space Deficiency, Mei-Yin Chen, Wen-Ken Tai, Heng-Ming Mark Chang, Hoi-Shing Luk, Chia-Tze Kao

Taiwanese Journal of Orthodontics

Although maxillary skeletal palatal expansion was efficient to correct the transverse dental deficiency, the conventional maxillary palatal expansion is still effective in some cases. This case report describes the orthodontic treatment procedure of a 15-year-old female patient who was diagnosed as Angle’s Class I malocclusion with severe space deficiency. The space deficiency of 11 mm was noted in maxillary arch in conjunction with severe overjet, blocked-in lateral incisors, high maxillary vault, posterior crossbite and V shape arch-form. The treatment plan presented non-extraction with rapid maxillary alveolar expansion in upper arch. The Hyrax expander was used in a rhythm of 2 …