Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Pre-Operative Education For Total Knee Replacement: A Pilot Survey, Renee Causey-Upton, Dana M. Howell, Patrick H. Kitzman, Melba Custer, Emily V. Dressler

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Purpose: The structure of preoperative education programs used nationally for patients prior to total knee replacement (TKR) surgery has not been identified previously, thus hospitals across the United States lack a common standard for this preoperative education to ensure best patient outcomes. The purpose of this pilot survey study was to describe the content, providers, and delivery methods currently utilized to deliver preoperative education for total knee replacement in the United States. Method: Data were collected using an online survey developed by the authors based on review of literature and 3 preoperative programs and was distributed through the Research Electronic …

First Trimester Serum Biomarkers To Predict Gestational Diabetes In A High-Risk Cohort: Striving For Clinically Useful Thresholds, Siobhan M. Corcoran, Natalie Achamallah, John O'Loughlan, Philip Stafford, Pat Dicker, Fergal D. Malone, Fionnuala Breathnach

Articles

Objectives: Screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes (GDM) has been a source of controversy. The prevalence has increased in line with an obesity epidemic and a trend towards delayed child-bearing. Treatment of even modest glycaemic impairment in pregnancy has been shown to be beneficial in preventing its clinical sequalae. However the cumbersome nature and timing of the oral glucose tolerance test coupled with debate around universal versus risk factor based screening have been problematic. This group aimed to investigate a panel of biomarkers which have shown promise in the literature to predict GDM from the first trimester in a group …

Detection Of “Xisco” Gene For Identification Of Streptococcus Pneumoniae Isolates, Francisco Salvà-Serra, Gwendolyn Connolly, Edward Moore, Lucia Gonzales-Siles

Articles

We describe a PCR-assay differentiating Streptococcus pneumoniae from closely-related species of the Mitis group of the genus Streptococcus and identification of pneumococcus clinical isolates, based on the “Xisco” gene discriminatory marker. The complete “Xisco” gene sequence was observed in all S. pneumoniae genomes analyzed and absent in all non-pneumococcus genomes.

Factors Associated With Maternal Wellbeing At Four Months Post-Partum In Ireland, Annemarie E. Bennett, John Kearney

Articles

This study aimed to examine factors associated with maternal wellbeing at four months post-partum in the Irish context. Socio-demographic, health behaviour and infant feeding data were collected in pregnancy, at birth and at 17 weeks post-partum. Maternal distress, body image and resilience were measured at 17 weeks post-partum. Binary logistic regression predicted maternal distress and statistical significance was taken at p < 0.05. One hundred and seventy-two women were followed-up in pregnancy, at birth and at 17 weeks post-partum. Three in five (61.6%, n106) initiated breastfeeding. At 17 weeks post-partum, 23.8% (n41) were exclusively or partially breastfeeding and over a third (36.0%, n62) of all mothers were at risk of distress. In multivariate analyses, independent predictors of distress included: low maternal resilience (p < 0.01, odds ratio (OR): 7.22 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.49–20.95)); unsatisfactory partner support (p = 0.02, OR: 3.89 (95% CI: 1.20–12.65)); older age (p = 0.02, OR: 1.11 (95% CI: 1.02–1.21)); and breastfeeding (p = 0.01, OR: 2.89 (95% CI: 1.29–6.47)). Routine assessment of emotional wellbeing and targeted interventions are needed to promote a more healthful transition to motherhood among women in Ireland.

Experiences Of Australian Men Diagnosed With Advanced Prostate Cancer: A Qualitative Study, Suzanne K. Chambers, Melissa K. Hyde, Kirstyn Laurie, Melissa Legg, Mark Frydenberg, Ian D. Davis, Anthony P. Lowe, Jeff Dunn

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Objective To explore men's lived experience of advanced prostate cancer (PCa) and preferences for support. Design Cross-sectional qualitative study applying open-ended surveys and interviews conducted between June and November 2016. Interviews audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim and analysed from an interpretive phenomenological perspective. Setting Australia, nation-wide. Participants 39 men diagnosed with advanced PCa (metastatic or castration-resistant biochemical progression) were surveyed with 28 men subsequently completing a semistructured in depth telephone interview. Results Thematic analysis of interviews identified two organising themes: lived experience and supportive care. Lived experience included six superordinate themes: regret about late diagnosis and treatment decisions, being discounted in …

Reducing Arsenic Exposure From Private Well Water In The United States: The Use, Effect, And Potential Of Testing Requirements, Sara Flanagan

Dissertations and Theses

Over 45 million Americans drink from unregulated private well water of unknown quality. Arsenic is the most concerning groundwater contaminant for health because of its toxicity and widespread natural occurrence. Most residential wells in arsenic-affected areas have not been tested for arsenic; the success of community programs and efforts to motivate testing is limited by a range of psychological, situational, and socioeconomic barriers. However, testing only acts as screening and does not reduce exposure without effective and consistent actions to follow. Given the limitations in relying on individual well owners to be aware, willing, and capable of testing their water, …

Acceptability Study And Pilot Rct Of A Guide To Understanding Reproductive Health For Ladeez (Gurhl) Code: An Hiv Risk Reduction App Intervention For Black And Latina Young Women In New York City, Sonia K. Gonzalez Gladstein

Dissertations and Theses

Background: Young Black and Latina women suffer from higher sexually transmitted disease (STD) incidences than White women, increasing their susceptibility to contracting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The adoption and widespread usage of mobile devices has contributed to the public’s ability to access available information at all hours, including information on sexual and reproductive health (SRH). Despite a growing body of mobile health literature, there is limited understanding of how mobile-based sexual and reproductive health interventions for use by young adult Black and Latina women could improve sexual health knowledge and connection to clinical care.

Methods: This pilot randomized controlled trial …

Education And Prevention Of Stress And Ptsd In Prehospital Care Providers, Adriana Goad

A with Honors Projects

The field of prehospital emergency care is one full of unpredictability, high physical demand, and mental stress. EMTs and Paramedics are called to the unknown to treat whatever they come upon with the limited supplies and equipment that can be found in their trauma bag and ambulances. Some calls may be rewarding as they save the life of a patient, or they can be run of the mill as they get a call for a person not feeling well. Some calls, though, do not end in a relaxed drop off at the ED and back to the station for the …

Components Of The X-Ray Circuit, Savannah Burkhalter

A with Honors Projects

This video identifies the components of an x-ray circuit.

College Student Sleep, Christine S. Gipson, Susan Bartos

Nursing Faculty Publications and Presentations

A position paper on college student sleeping habits.

Deciphering A Case Of Pulmonary Hypertension In A Young Female: Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage The Culprit, Hiten Patel, Suchit Bhutani, Fayez Shamoon, Hartaj Virk

NYMC Faculty Publications

Partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (PAPVD) is a rare congenital cardiac defect and is associated with sinus venosus atrial septal defect. While most cases are asymptomatic, a patient can present with pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) and it can be difficult to diagnose. Here, we discuss the case of a young female with PHTN who was found to have two right-sided PAPVD. Through this case, authors try to emphasize the importance of meticulous and thorough investigation when evaluating PHTN, which allows for correct diagnosis and a timely intervention before PHTN becomes irreversible.

Intensity Inhomogeneity Correction Of Sd-Oct Data Using Macular Flatspace, Andrew Lang, Aaron Carass, Bruno M. Jedynak, Sharon D. Solomon, Peter A. Calabresi, Jerry L. Prince

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Images of the retina acquired using optical coherence tomography (OCT) often suffer from intensity inhomogeneity problems that degrade both the quality of the images and the performance of automated algorithms utilized to measure structural changes. This intensity variation has many causes, including off-axis acquisition, signal attenuation, multi-frame averaging, and vignetting, making it difficult to correct the data in a fundamental way. This paper presents a method for inhomogeneity correction by acting to reduce the variability of intensities within each layer. In particular, the N3 algorithm, which is popular in neuroimage analysis, is adapted to work for OCT data. N3 works …

Frameworks For Integrating Technology Into Optometric Education, Helen Crompton

Teaching & Learning Faculty Publications

(Introduction) Technology has driven a major societal change permeating the very traditions, beliefs and rituals of our social and work milieu. Following the revolution caused by the introduction of the Gutenberg printing press, the current digital epoch has been recognised as the second major event in history that has extended and enhanced access to information and learning (Brynjolfsson 2014; Topol 2015). Research shows that digital technologies can be used to provide educational opportunities that were not possible before this digital era. These technologies allow learning in contextualised settings and provide a variety of learning opportunities for those studying optometry (Yi …

“…Like You’Re Pushing The Snowball Back Up Hill”—The Experiences Of Australian Physiotherapists Promoting Non-Treatment Physical Activity: A Qualitative Study, Breanne E. Kunstler, Paul D. O'Halloran, Jill L. Cook, Joanne L. Kemp, Caroline Finch

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Participating in physical activity is important for maintaining general health. When physiotherapists promote physical activity for the purposes of maintaining or improving a patient‟s general health, they are promoting non-treatment physical activity. Physiotherapists have a responsibility to promote non-treatment physical activity to their patients while also providing the patient with treatment for their presenting complaint. This qualitative study explored the experiences of Australian physiotherapists promoting non-treatment physical activity to patients with musculoskeletal conditions. Ten Australian physiotherapists treating patients with musculoskeletal conditions in private practice and outpatient settings were recruited using a social media campaign and snowballing. All interviewees received one …

Selective Influences Of Maximum Dynamic Strength And Bar-Power Output On Team Sports Performance: A Comprehensive Study Of Four Different Disciplines, Irineu Loturco, Timothy Suchome, Lachlan P. James, Chris Bishop, César C. C. Abad, Lucas A. Pereira, Michael R. Mcguigan

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

This study examined the selective influences of one-repetition maximum (1RM) values [assessed in the half-squat (HS)] and bar-power production [assessed in both HS and jump squat (JS) exercises] on the physical performance of male and female team sport athletes from four different sports. Three-hundred and three elite players (31 Olympians) from four different disciplines (47 male soccer players, 58 female soccer players, 28 male handball players, 58 female handball players, 49 male rugby players, and 63 male futsal players) participated in this study. The physical tests were performed over 2 consecutive days for soccer and rugby players, and in 1 …

Prescribing Target Running Intensities For High-School Athletes: Can Forward And Backward Running Performance Be Autoregulated?, Aaron Uthoff, Jon Oliver, John Cronin, Paul Winwood, Craig Harrison

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Target running intensities are prescribed to enhance sprint-running performance and progress injured athletes back into competition, yet is unknown whether running speed can be achieved using autoregulation. This study investigated the consistency of running intensities in adolescent athletes using autoregulation to self-select velocity. Thirty-four boys performed 20 m forward running (FR) and backward running (BR) trials at slow, moderate and fast intensities (40–55%, 60–75% and +90% maximum effort, respectively) on three occasions. Absolute and relative consistency was assessed using the coefficient of variation (CV) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Systematic changes in 10 and 20 m performance were identified between …

Uv Light-Blocking Contact Lenses Protect Against Short-Term Uvb-Induced Limbal Stem Cell Niche Damage And Inflammation, M. Notara, S. Behboudifard, M. A. Kluth, C. Maßlo, C. Ganss, M. H. Frank, B. Schumacher, C. Cursiefen

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

UVB irradiation has been linked to pathogenesis of pterygium, a conjunctival tumor growing onto transparent cornea, the windscreen of the eye. Due to corneal anatomy, ambient UVB irradiation is amplified at the stem cell-containing nasal limbus. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of a UV-blocking contact lens (UVBCL, senofilcon A, Class 1 UV blocker) on limbal epithelial cells and fibroblasts under UVB irradiation compared to a non-UVB-blocking contact lens. UVBCL prevented UVB-induced DNA damage (as assessed by cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer immunostaining) as well as a decrease in proliferation and scratch wound closure rate of both limbal …

A Comparison Of Displacement And Energetic Variables Between Three Team Sport Gps Devices, Paolo Terziotti, Marc Sim, Ted Polglaze

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

This study compared the outputs of three different commercially-available GPS player-tracking devices for a range of commonly used displacement and energetic variables in activities replicating team sport movements. Professional male soccer players (n = 7), simultaneously wore three GPS devices (Catapult OptimEye S5, GPExe Pro 1, StatSport ViperPod) whilst completing four separate drills, comprising progressively more complex changes in speed and direction. Displacement (distance, speed) and energetic (energy cost, metabolic power, energy expenditure) variables were compared for each device. All three devices tended to under-estimate distance compared to the known value for each drill, with only minor and inconsistent …

Suicidal Ideation In The Perinatal Period: A Systematic Review, Avril O'Connor, Sadie Geraghty, Gemma Doleman, Annemarie De Leo

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Objective: To examine literature surrounding suicidal ideation and suicidality in the perinatal period. Design: Systematic Literature Review of published 15 research studies. Findings: There is a scarcity of prospective studies conducted in suicidal ideation during the perinatal period. More research is needed to ensure childbearing women at risk of suicidal ideation during pregnancy receive the appropriate care and maternity services required to support them throughout this period. Key conclusions: Midwives play an important role in screening women for possible emotional distress and mood disorders during pregnancy. Therefore, midwives need to have knowledge of risk factors so vulnerable women are monitored …

The Potential Role Of Genetic Markers In Talent Identification And Athlete Assessment In Elite Sport, Ysabel Jacob, Tania Spiteri, Nicolas H. Hart, Ryan S. Anderson

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

In elite sporting codes, the identification and promotion of future athletes into specialised talent pathways is heavily reliant upon objective physical, technical, and tactical characteristics, in addition to subjective coach assessments. Despite the availability of a plethora of assessments, the dependence on subjective forms of identification remain commonplace in most sporting codes. More recently, genetic markers, including several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), have been correlated with enhanced aerobic capacity, strength, and an overall increase in athletic ability. In this review, we discuss the effects of a number of candidate genes on athletic performance, across single-skilled and multifaceted sporting codes, and …

Enhanced Skeletal Muscle Ribosome Biogenesis, Yet Attenuated Mtorc1 And Ribosome Biogenesis-Related Signalling, Following Short-Term Concurrent Versus Single-Mode Resistance Training, Jackson J. Fyfe, David J. Bishop, Jonathan D. Bartlett, Erik D. Hanson, Mitchell J. Anderson, Andrew P. Garnham, Nigel K. Stepto

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Combining endurance training with resistance training (RT) may attenuate skeletal muscle hypertrophic adaptation versus RT alone; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We investigated changes in markers of ribosome biogenesis, a process linked with skeletal muscle hypertrophy, following concurrent training versus RT alone. Twenty-three males underwent eight weeks of RT, either performed alone (RT group, n = 8), or combined with either high-intensity interval training (HIT+RT group, n = 8), or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT+RT group, n = 7). Muscle samples (vastus lateralis) were obtained before training, and immediately before, 1 h and 3 h after the final training session. …

Are Midwifery Students Adequately Prepared For Vaginal Breech Birth In Clinical Practice?, Steffne Nel, Sadie Geraghty

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

While the value of the clinical skills and expertise required to enable safe vaginal breech birth remains high, midwives who possess these skills are becoming scarce. Additionally, for many midwifery students, vaginal breech birth is becoming somewhat of an elusive event, rarely experienced in clinical practice when completing their training. Not so long ago, this was a standard competency taught to and held by obstetricians and midwives alike, but for those in developed nations working within robust healthcare systems, the frequency of planned vaginal breech birth is on a downward trend, and this is reflected in midwifery educational curriculums.

Factors Associated With The Use Of Complementary And Alternative Medicines For Prostate Cancer By Long-Term Survivors, Sam Egger, Suzanne Hughes, David P. Smith, Suzanne Chambers, Clare Kahn, Annette Moxey, Dianne L. O'Connell

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Objective

To assess whether the use of complementary and alternative medicines therapies (CAMs) for prostate cancer and/or its treatment side effects by long-term survivors is associated with selected socio-demographic, clinical, health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) and/or psychological factors.

Design, setting and participants

The Prostate Cancer Care and Outcomes Study (PCOS) is a population-based cohort study of men with prostate cancer who were aged less than 70 years at diagnosis in New South Wales, Australia. Included in these analyses were men who returned a 10-year follow-up questionnaire, which included questions about CAM use.

Methods

Validated instruments assessed patient’s HRQOL and psychological well-being. Poisson …

Spectrum Of Antibacterial Activity And Mode Of Action Of A Novel Tris-Stilbene Bacteriostatic Compound, Nikki Y. Man, Daniel R. Knight, Scott G. Stewart, Allan J. Mckinley, Thomas V. Riley, Katherine A. Hammer

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The spectrum of activity and mode of action of a novel antibacterial agent, 135C, was investigated using a range of microbiological and genomic approaches. Compound 135C was active against Gram-positive bacteria with MICs for Staphylococcus aureus ranging from 0.12-0.5 μg/ml. It was largely inactive against Gram-negative bacteria. The compound showed bacteriostatic activity in time-kill studies and did not elicit bacterial cell leakage or cell lysis. Checkerboard assays showed no synergy or antagonism when 135C was combined with a range of other antibacterials. Multi-step serial passage of four S. aureus isolates with increasing concentrations of 135C showed that resistance developed rapidly …

Active And Inactive Leg Hemodynamics During Sequential Single-Leg Interval Cycling, Nicole Gordon, Chris R. Abbiss, Mohammed Ihsan, Andrew J. Maiorana, Jeremiah J. Peiffer

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Introduction Leg order during sequential single-leg cycling (i.e., exercising both legs independently within a single session) may affect local muscular responses potentially influencing adaptations. This study examined the cardiovascular and skeletal muscle hemodynamic responses during double-leg and sequential single-leg cycling. Methods Ten young healthy adults (28 ± 6 yr) completed six 1-min double-leg intervals interspersed with 1 min of passive recovery and, on a separate occasion, 12 (six with one leg followed by six with the other leg) 1-min single-leg intervals interspersed with 1 min of passive recovery. Oxygen consumption, heart rate, blood pressure, muscle oxygenation, muscle blood volume, and …

Complex Training And Countermovement Jump Performance Across Multiple Sets: Effect Of Back Squat Intensity, Nick Poulos, Anic Chaouachi, Martin Buchheit, Denis Slimani, Greg Haff, Robert Newton

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the acute effects of back squats on countermovement jump performance across multiple sets using a strength-power potentiation complex training protocol. Fifteen elite volleyball players performed three unloaded countermovement jumps (CMJ) following three repetitions of the back squat performed at either 65% or 87% of 1-RM, respectively, repeated for 10 sets. A control session of three CMJs was also repeated for 10 sets. Mean jump height performance was enhanced compared to performing CMJs only irrespective of which intensity was used (65% 1-RM: +3.3 ± 2.2% [CI: 1.0 to 5.6]; 87% 1-RM: 2.6 ± …

Association Of Wrist Circumference And Waist-To-Height Ratio With Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Among Type Ii Diabetics In A Ghanaian Population, Christian Obirikorang, Yaa Obirikorang, Emmanuel Acheampong, Enoch Odame Anto, Emmanuel Toboh, Evans Adu Asamoah, Bright Amakwaa, Emmanuella Nsenbah Batu, Peter Brenya

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The study determined the association of wrist circumference (WrC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) with cardiometabolic risk factors among diabetics in a Ghanaian population. This cross-sectional study involved 384 diabetic patients at Begoro District Hospital, Ghana. Blood pressure, anthropometrics, and biochemical indices were measured. The overall prevalence of dyslipidaemia, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and hypertension was 42.4%, 76.3%, and 39.8%, respectively. The optimum cut-off range of WrC to identify individuals at increased cardiometabolic risk was 17.5 to –17.8 cm for men and 16.0 to 16.7 cm for women while that of WHtR was 0.52 to 0.61 for men and 0.53 to 0.59 …

Image Analysis Of Periapical Radiograph For Bone Mineral Density Prediction, Rini Widyaningrum, Sri Lestari, Ferry Jie

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease. Parameter from any bone site in the body has possibility to be developed as a predictor of osteoporosis. The alteration in the mandible trabecular bone is visible in periapical radiographs. The aim of this study was to correlate the area parameter and the integrated density of periapical radiograph with bone mineral density. Image analysis of periapical radiograph i.e. measurement of area parameter and integrated density was done on Region of Interest (ROI) by using canny edge detection method. Result of this study showed that the area parameter has asignificant (α < 0.05) negative correlation with the bone mass density (BMD) of the lumbar spine (r = -0.371) and T-score of the lumbar spine (r = -0.383). The linear regression test showed that the area parameter only can be used to predict T-score of the lumbar spine (F=5.822, α < 0.05). The integrated density showed a significant (α < 0.05) negative correlation with T-score of hip (r = -0.332) and T-score of lumbar spine (r = -0.377). It can be concluded that the area parameter can be used as one of input parameters for computer-aided system of osteoporosis early detection by using periapical radiograph.

The Potential Synergistic Behaviour Of Inter- And Intra-Genus Probiotic Combinations In The Pattern And Rate Of Short Chain Fatty Acids Formation During Fibre Fermentation, Warnakulasuriya M. A. D. B. Fernando, Steve H. Flint, K. K. D. S. Ranaweera, Arthur Bamunuarachchi, Stuart K. Johnson, Charles S. Brennan

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

This study compared the rate of short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production by different probiotic combinations of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium to determine any synergistic effects. Six different fibre fractions were fermented with nine combinations of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR), Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA), Bifidobacterium longum (BL) and Bifidobacterium breve (BB) for 0, 6, 24 and 48 h. SCFAs were quantified by gas chromatography. Inter-genus combinations of bacteria produced more SCFA, especially BB + BL + LR, compared to intra-genus that yielded the lowest SCFA production. Acetate was the most abundant, while propionate and butyrate were the most utilised. The SCFA formation was …

Manipulation Of Human Verticality Using High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation, Taiza E.G. Santos, Diandra B. Favoretto, Iman Ghodratti Toostani, Diego C. Nascimento, Brunna P. Rimoli, Eduardo Bergonzoni, Tenysson Will Lemos, Dennis Q. Truong, Alexandre C.B. Delbem, Bahador Makkiabadi, Renato Moraes, Francisco Louzada, Marom Bikson, Joao P. Leite, Dylan J. Edwards

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background: Using conventional tDCS over the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) we previously reported that it is possible to manipulate subjective visual vertical (SVV) and postural control. We also demonstrated that high-definition tDCS (HD-tDCS) can achieve substantially greater cortical stimulation focality than conventional tDCS. However, it is critical to establish dose-response effects using well-defined protocols with relevance to clinically meaningful applications.

Objective: To conduct three pilot studies investigating polarity and intensity-dependent effects of HD-tDCS over the right TPJ on behavioral and physiological outcome measures in healthy subjects. We additionally aimed to establish the feasibility, safety, and tolerability of this stimulation protocol.

Methods: …