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2018

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Articles 12061 - 12090 of 15421

Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

Analyzing Self-Care Intiative Of Nursing Students, Lawren Murray Tachias Jan 2018

Analyzing Self-Care Intiative Of Nursing Students, Lawren Murray Tachias

Summer Community of Scholars Posters (RCEU and HCR Combined Programs)

No abstract provided.

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Insights Into The Molecular Mechanisms Of Alzheimer’S And Parkinson’S Diseases With Molecular Simulations: Understanding The Roles Of Artificial And Pathological Missense Mutations In Intrinsically Disordered Proteins Related To Pathology, Orkid Coskuner-Weber, Vladimir N. Uversky Jan 2018

Insights Into The Molecular Mechanisms Of Alzheimer’S And Parkinson’S Diseases With Molecular Simulations: Understanding The Roles Of Artificial And Pathological Missense Mutations In Intrinsically Disordered Proteins Related To Pathology, Orkid Coskuner-Weber, Vladimir N. Uversky

Molecular Medicine Faculty Publications

Amyloid-β and α-synuclein are intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), which are at the center of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease pathologies, respectively. These IDPs are extremely flexible and do not adopt stable structures. Furthermore, both amyloid-β and α-synuclein can form toxic oligomers, amyloid fibrils and other type of aggregates in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Experimentalists face challenges in investigating the structures and thermodynamic properties of these IDPs in their monomeric and oligomeric forms due to the rapid conformational changes, fast aggregation processes and strong solvent effects. Classical molecular dynamics simulations complement experiments and provide structural information at the atomic level with dynamics …

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Arrestins: Structural Disorder Creates Rich Functionality, Vsevolod V. Gurevich, Eugenia V. Gurevich, Vladimir N. Uversky Jan 2018

Arrestins: Structural Disorder Creates Rich Functionality, Vsevolod V. Gurevich, Eugenia V. Gurevich, Vladimir N. Uversky

Molecular Medicine Faculty Publications

Arrestins are soluble relatively small 44–46 kDa proteins that specifically bind hundreds of active phosphorylated GPCRs and dozens of non-receptor partners. There are binding partners that demonstrate preference for each of the known arrestin conformations: free, receptor-bound, and microtubule-bound. Recent evidence suggests that conformational flexibility in every functional state is the defining characteristic of arrestins. Flexibility, or plasticity, of proteins is often described as structural disorder, in contrast to the fixed conformational order observed in high-resolution crystal structures. However, protein-protein interactions often involve highly flexible elements that can assume many distinct conformations upon binding to different partners. Existing evidence suggests …

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Prediction Of Disordered Regions And Their Roles In The Anti-Pathogenic And Immunomodulatory Functions Of Butyrophilins, Elrashdy M. Redwan, Ahmed M. Al-Hejin, Hussein A. Almehdar, Abdulrahman Elsaway, Vladimir N. Uversky Jan 2018

Prediction Of Disordered Regions And Their Roles In The Anti-Pathogenic And Immunomodulatory Functions Of Butyrophilins, Elrashdy M. Redwan, Ahmed M. Al-Hejin, Hussein A. Almehdar, Abdulrahman Elsaway, Vladimir N. Uversky

Molecular Medicine Faculty Publications

Butyrophilins (BTNs) are a group of the moonlighting proteins, some members of which are secreted in milk. They constitute a large family of structurally similar type 1 transmembrane proteins from the immunoglobulin superfamily. Although the founding member of this family is related to lactation, participating in the secretion, formation and stabilization of milk fat globules, it may also have a cell surface receptor function. Generally, the BTN family members are known to modulate co-stimulatory responses, T cell selection, differentiation, and cell fate determination. Polymorphism of these genes was shown to be associated with the pathology of several human diseases. Despite …

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Immunogenicity And Protective Activity Of A Chimeric Protein Based On The Domain Iii Of The Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus E Protein And The Ompf Porin Of Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis Incorporated Into The Ti-Complex, Nina M. Sanina, Natalia Chopenko, Andrey Mazeika, Ludmila Davydova, Galina Leonova, Anna Stenkova, Vladimir N. Uversky, Eduard Kostetsky Jan 2018

Immunogenicity And Protective Activity Of A Chimeric Protein Based On The Domain Iii Of The Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus E Protein And The Ompf Porin Of Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis Incorporated Into The Ti-Complex, Nina M. Sanina, Natalia Chopenko, Andrey Mazeika, Ludmila Davydova, Galina Leonova, Anna Stenkova, Vladimir N. Uversky, Eduard Kostetsky

Molecular Medicine Faculty Publications

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a widespread, dangerous infection. Unfortunately, all attempts to create safe anti-TBE subunit vaccines are still unsuccessful due to their low immunogenicity. The goal of the present work was to investigate the immunogenicity of a recombinant chimeric protein created by the fusion of the EIII protein, comprising domain III and a stem region of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) E protein, and the OmpF porin of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (OmpF-EIII). Adjuvanted antigen delivery systems, the tubular immunostimulating complexes (TI-complexes) based on the monogalactosyldiacylglycerol from different marine macrophytes, were used to enhance the immunogenicity of OmpF-EIII. Also, the chimeric …

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Oxidative Stress Induces Club Cell Proliferation And Pulmonary Fibrosis In Atp8b1 Mutant Mice, Jutaro Fukumoto, Joseph Leung, Ruan Cox Jr, Alexander Czachor, Prasanna Tamarapu Parthasarathy, Venu Lagishetty, Maria Mandry, Nima Hosseinian, Priyanshi Patel, Brittany Perry, Mason T. Breitzig, Matthew Alleyn, Athena Failla, Young Cho, Andrew J. Cooke, Lakshmi Galam, Ramani Soundararajan, Nirmal Sharma, Richard F. Lockey, Narasaiah Kolliputi Jan 2018

Oxidative Stress Induces Club Cell Proliferation And Pulmonary Fibrosis In Atp8b1 Mutant Mice, Jutaro Fukumoto, Joseph Leung, Ruan Cox Jr, Alexander Czachor, Prasanna Tamarapu Parthasarathy, Venu Lagishetty, Maria Mandry, Nima Hosseinian, Priyanshi Patel, Brittany Perry, Mason T. Breitzig, Matthew Alleyn, Athena Failla, Young Cho, Andrew J. Cooke, Lakshmi Galam, Ramani Soundararajan, Nirmal Sharma, Richard F. Lockey, Narasaiah Kolliputi

Molecular Medicine Faculty Publications

Atp8b1 (ATPase, aminophospholipid transporter, class I, type 8B, member 1) is a cardiolipin transporter in the apical membrane of lung epithelial cells. While the role of Atp8b1 in pneumonia-induced acute lung injury (ALI) has been well studied, its potential role in oxidative stress-induced ALI is poorly understood. We herein show that Atp8b1G308V/G308V mice under hyperoxic conditions display exacerbated cell apoptosis at alveolar epithelium and aberrant proliferation of club cells at bronchiolar epithelium. This hyperoxia-induced ambivalent response in Atp8b1G308V/G308V lungs was followed by patchy distribution of non-uniform interstitial fibrosis at late recovery phase under normoxia. Since this club cell abnormality is …

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Deciphering The Dark Proteome Of Chikungunya Virus, Ankur Singh, Ankur Kumar, Rakhi Yadav, Vladimir N. Uversky, Rajanish Giri Jan 2018

Deciphering The Dark Proteome Of Chikungunya Virus, Ankur Singh, Ankur Kumar, Rakhi Yadav, Vladimir N. Uversky, Rajanish Giri

Molecular Medicine Faculty Publications

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus. The outbreak of CHIKV infection has been seen in many tropical and subtropical regions of the biosphere. Current reports evidenced that after outbreaks in 2005–06, the fitness of this virus propagating in Aedes albopictus enhanced due to the epistatic mutational changes in its envelope protein. In our study, we evaluated the prevalence of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and IDP regions (IDPRs) in CHIKV proteome. IDPs/IDPRs are known as members of a ‘Dark Proteome’ that defined as a set of polypeptide segments or whole protein without unique three-dimensional structure within the cellular milieu but …

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Intrinsic Disorder And Posttranslational Modifications: The Darker Side Of The Biological Dark Matter, April L. Darling, Vladimir N. Uversky Jan 2018

Intrinsic Disorder And Posttranslational Modifications: The Darker Side Of The Biological Dark Matter, April L. Darling, Vladimir N. Uversky

Molecular Medicine Faculty Publications

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDPRs) are functional proteins and domains that devoid stable secondary and/or tertiary structure. IDPs/IDPRs are abundantly present in various proteomes, where they are involved in regulation, signaling, and control, thereby serving as crucial regulators of various cellular processes. Various mechanisms are utilized to tightly regulate and modulate biological functions, structural properties, cellular levels, and localization of these important controllers. Among these regulatory mechanisms are precisely controlled degradation and different posttranslational modifications (PTMs). Many normal cellular processes are associated with the presence of the right amounts of precisely activated IDPs at right …

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Speech Recognition Technology: Improving Speed And Accuracy Of Emergency Medical Services Documentation To Protect Patients, Tan Tran Jan 2018

Speech Recognition Technology: Improving Speed And Accuracy Of Emergency Medical Services Documentation To Protect Patients, Tan Tran

AUCTUS: The Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Scholarship

Because hospital errors, such as mistakes in documentation, cause one in six deaths each year in the United States, the accuracy of health records in the emergency medical services (EMS) must be improved. One possible solution is to incorporate speech recognition (SR) software into current tools used by EMS first responders. The purpose of this research was to determine if SR software could increase the efficiency and accuracy of EMS documentation to improve the safety of patients of EMS. An initial review of the literature on the performance of current SR software demonstrated that this software was not 99% accurate, …

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Cataract Blindness: Socioeconomic Factors Associated With Treatment Barriers And High Blindness Rates For Women In Rural Regions Of Andhra Pradesh, Kiranpreet Kaur Jan 2018

Cataract Blindness: Socioeconomic Factors Associated With Treatment Barriers And High Blindness Rates For Women In Rural Regions Of Andhra Pradesh, Kiranpreet Kaur

AUCTUS: The Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Scholarship

Despite efforts of Vision 2020 in India, the 2001 Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study (APEDS) extrapolated that approximately 18.7 million blind people resided in India and projected an increase to 31.6 million blind people by 2020. Within the Andhra Pradesh state itself, the preventable blindness population had increased from approximately 1,143,150 people in 1990 to 1,402,264 people in 2001, against reformation attempts by the National Program for Control of Blindness. Of this, cataracts were consistently the leading cause of avoidable blindness. Numerous public health studies have been conducted to outline factors that preclude treatment of avoidable cataract blindness in the …

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On Lgbt Studies At Vcu: An Interview With Richard Godbeer, Amita Rao, Emily Furlich Jan 2018

On Lgbt Studies At Vcu: An Interview With Richard Godbeer, Amita Rao, Emily Furlich

AUCTUS: The Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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Reduction Of Oxidative Stress And Storage Lesions (Rcsl) In Red Blood Cells: Analysis Of Ascorbic Acid (Aa), N-Acetylcysteine Amide (Ad4), And Serotonin (5-Ht), Shanmuka Gadiraju Jan 2018

Reduction Of Oxidative Stress And Storage Lesions (Rcsl) In Red Blood Cells: Analysis Of Ascorbic Acid (Aa), N-Acetylcysteine Amide (Ad4), And Serotonin (5-Ht), Shanmuka Gadiraju

AUCTUS: The Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Scholarship

Oxidative stress is a common occurrence in red blood cell (RBC) storage in blood banks throughout the world. Typically RBC units stored under routine standard protocol (stored in SAGM-CPD additive solution) can only be kept up to forty-two days for transfusion usage before being discarded. I am studying the effects of Ascorbic Acid (AA), N-acetylcysteine amide (AD4), and Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5- HT) as additives in blood bank storage to find out if these additives can reduce storageinduced oxidative stress on red blood cells (RBCs), as well as to understand how potential blood storage additives can affect the shelf life …

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Extreme Smoke Events: Climate Change And Human Health In Western Montana, Sarah Luth Jan 2018

Extreme Smoke Events: Climate Change And Human Health In Western Montana, Sarah Luth

Undergraduate Theses, Professional Papers, and Capstone Artifacts

Abstract not available.

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Healthy Heart Project, Emily Hurst Jan 2018

Healthy Heart Project, Emily Hurst

Undergraduate Theses, Professional Papers, and Capstone Artifacts

The Healthy Heart program has been offering fitness testing, cardiovascular and chronic disease testing and education, and clinical experience for students in the course KIN483: Exercise, Disease, and Aging for a number of years. The program offers an important service to the Missoula community by providing each participant with accurate health indicators and results, such as ECG (heart) rhythms, cardiovascular fitness, flexibility and strength measures, body composition, and peripheral artery disease screening. The program gives students experience learning practical skills by performing a 2-hour exercise testing session, communicating with a community member, analyzing testing data, and compiling then discussing results. …

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Exposure To High Levels Of Noise Poses Hazards And Risks For Development Of Hypertension And Heart Disease: Potential Roles Of Unrecognized Ionized Hypomagnesemia And Release Of Ceramides And Platelet-Activating Factor, Burton M. Altura, Asefa Gebrewold, Anthony Carella, Nilank C. Shah, Bella T. Altura Jan 2018

Exposure To High Levels Of Noise Poses Hazards And Risks For Development Of Hypertension And Heart Disease: Potential Roles Of Unrecognized Ionized Hypomagnesemia And Release Of Ceramides And Platelet-Activating Factor, Burton M. Altura, Asefa Gebrewold, Anthony Carella, Nilank C. Shah, Bella T. Altura

Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine (Middletown) Publications and Research

It has been demonstrated in numerous human and animal studies that audiogenic stress (AS) can induce elevation of arterial blood pressure and cardiac damage and that noise –induced hearing loss may be associated with alterations in magnesium (Mg) metabolism. Our laboratories, over a period of approximately 40 years, have been investigating why AS causes high blood pressure and cardiac damage. This review focuses on a number of newer discoveries on why AS causes dysfunctions of the cardiovascular system (CVS) This review discusses the pivotal physiological and biochemical importance of Mg to body health and the fact that most Americans and …

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Human Chronic Necrotizing Granulomatous Meningoencephalitis: A Novel Case Report, Alexus P. Taddonio, Eric J. Veloso, Kelly J. Baldwin Jan 2018

Human Chronic Necrotizing Granulomatous Meningoencephalitis: A Novel Case Report, Alexus P. Taddonio, Eric J. Veloso, Kelly J. Baldwin

Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine (Middletown) Publications and Research

Necrotizing and granulomatous meningoencephalitis are common central nervous system diseases known to affect canines. To date, necrotizing granulomatous meningoencephalitis has yet to be described in humans. Current studies of presumed pathogenesis and possible treatment options have only been described in canines. This is a case report of a 55-year-old female patient who was diagnosed with necrotizing granulomatous meningoencephalitis in the setting of new-onset neurological symptoms without any infectious or malignant source.

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Clinical Relevance Of Μ-Opioid Receptor A118g Polymorphism In Demographically Variant Populations, Iryna Pokotylyuk, Srishti Kulshrestha, Zvi G. Loewy, Priyank Kumar Jan 2018

Clinical Relevance Of Μ-Opioid Receptor A118g Polymorphism In Demographically Variant Populations, Iryna Pokotylyuk, Srishti Kulshrestha, Zvi G. Loewy, Priyank Kumar

Touro College of Pharmacy (New York) Publications and Research

Use of opioids is essential in providing a broad and effective analgesic effect. Opioid dosing has to be monitored and controlled in order to manage pain and the corresponding side effects due to opioid treatment. A very common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associated with the µ opioid receptor is A118G. A118G, located on exon 1 of the µ-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1), may alter how patients respond to opioid treatment. This polymorphism results in an exchange of adenine for guanine, which in turn leads to substitution of asparagine for the aspartic acid. In order to understand how individuals with the G …

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Regional Variations In Physical Fitness And Activity In Healthy And Overweight Ecuadorian Adolescents, Cheryl A. Howe, Sharon Casapulla, Jay H. Shubrook, Pablo Lopez, Mario Grijalva, Darlene E. Berryman Jan 2018

Regional Variations In Physical Fitness And Activity In Healthy And Overweight Ecuadorian Adolescents, Cheryl A. Howe, Sharon Casapulla, Jay H. Shubrook, Pablo Lopez, Mario Grijalva, Darlene E. Berryman

Faculty Publications & Research of the TUC College of Osteopathic Medicine

Background: Insufficient physical activity (PA) and excessive sedentary behavior (SB) are the main contributors to adolescent obesity. However, it is uncertain whether recent economic growth and urbanization in Ecuador are contributing to an obesogenic environment. This study assessed the relationships among fitness, PA, SB, and perceived social support for PA in adolescents from urban (Quito) and rural (Loja) Ecuador. Methods: Fitness was estimated using 3-min step test and PA and SB participation and social support for PA were self-reported in 407 adolescents. T-tests and analysis of variance assessed differences by sex, obesity status, and region of Ecuador. Pearson correlations …

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Yousaf, Zohaib ([email protected], 4843384565) Mbbs, Msc (Clinical Research), Cabim (Internal Medicine), Mace, Mrcp (Acute Medicine), Facp Visa Status: Green Card - Via Eb1a – Alien Of Extraordinary Ability (Professor/Researcher Category - For Contributions To The Field Of Medicine) Citations: 1429, H-Index 20, I-10 Index 31, Zohaib Yousaf Mbbs, Msc (Clinical Research), Cabim (Internal Medicine), Mace, Mrcp (Acute Medicine), Facp Jan 2018

Yousaf, Zohaib ([email protected], 4843384565) Mbbs, Msc (Clinical Research), Cabim (Internal Medicine), Mace, Mrcp (Acute Medicine), Facp Visa Status: Green Card - Via Eb1a – Alien Of Extraordinary Ability (Professor/Researcher Category - For Contributions To The Field Of Medicine) Citations: 1429, H-Index 20, I-10 Index 31, Zohaib Yousaf Mbbs, Msc (Clinical Research), Cabim (Internal Medicine), Mace, Mrcp (Acute Medicine), Facp

Reading Hospital Internal Medicine Residency

No abstract provided.

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Implementing A Public Health Perspective In Fda Drug Regulation, Patricia J. Zettler, Margaret Foster Riley, Aaron S. Kesselheim Jan 2018

Implementing A Public Health Perspective In Fda Drug Regulation, Patricia J. Zettler, Margaret Foster Riley, Aaron S. Kesselheim

Faculty Publications By Year

There is, without question, a public health crisis in the United States arising from both illicit and prescription opioid misuse, addiction, and overdose. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is one regulator with an important role to play in minimizing the harms associated with prescription opioids, while also ensuring that prescription opioids are available for the evidence-based management of pain. One question, however, is to what extent the agency can consider in its decisions to approve opioids and keep existing ones on the market the provider and patient behaviors contributing to the epidemic. This is, in part, because FDA’s approval …

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Atr-Ir Coupled To Partial Least Square Regression (Plsr) For Monitoring An Encapsulated Active Molecule In Complex Semi-Solid Formulation, Lynda Miloudia, Franck Bonnier, Kevin Barreaua,, Dominique Bertrand, Xavier Persea, Florent Yvergnaux, Hugh Byrne, Igor Chourpa, Emilie Munniera Jan 2018

Atr-Ir Coupled To Partial Least Square Regression (Plsr) For Monitoring An Encapsulated Active Molecule In Complex Semi-Solid Formulation, Lynda Miloudia, Franck Bonnier, Kevin Barreaua,, Dominique Bertrand, Xavier Persea, Florent Yvergnaux, Hugh Byrne, Igor Chourpa, Emilie Munniera

Articles

Attenuated Total Reflectance – Infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy holds great promise for industrial applications as a quality control tool for complex galenic formulations. Although the technique is often promoted for the molecular information it delivers in a label free and cost effective fashion, other advantages can emerge compared to gold standard analytical tools such as liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The present study demonstrates how ATR-IR measurements enable accurate quantitative analysis of an Active Cosmetic Ingredient such as Omegalight® encapsulated in a complex alginate based nano-capsule. The study demonstrates how precise concentrations can be obtained without the requirement for fastidious …

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Investigating The Role Of Gold Nanoparticle Shape And Size In Their Toxicities To Fungi, Kangze Liu, Zhonglei He, Hugh Byrne, James Curtin, Furong Tian Jan 2018

Investigating The Role Of Gold Nanoparticle Shape And Size In Their Toxicities To Fungi, Kangze Liu, Zhonglei He, Hugh Byrne, James Curtin, Furong Tian

Articles

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are increasingly being used in a wide range of applications, and such they are being released in greater quantities into the environment. Consequently, the environmental effects of GNPs, especially toxicities to living organisms, have drawn great attention. However, their toxicological characteristics still remain unclear. Fungi, as the decomposers of the ecosystem, interact directly with the environment and critically control the overall health of the biosphere. Thus, their sensitivity to GNP toxicity is particularly important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of GNP shape and size in their toxicities to fungi, which could help …

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Older Adult Men’S Emotional Bonds With Their Dogs, Ranell L. Mueller Jan 2018

Older Adult Men’S Emotional Bonds With Their Dogs, Ranell L. Mueller

Theses and Dissertations--Gerontology

Knowledge of the deeper meanings of attachment to companion animals is limited, particularly in terms of older adults. This study employed a modified grounded theory method, a phenomenological lens and a life course perspective to gather and analyze data garnered from individual interviews and panel discussions in order to investigate the multiple dimensions of older adult men’s relationships with their companion animal dogs. Individual audio-recorded in-depth interviews and repeated panel discussions with a sub-group of the participants, convened as a panel over a three-month period, explored behavioral and emotional manifestations of attachment and the emotional bond to their companion animal …

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Music Training As A Neuro-Cognitive Protector For Brain Aging: Cognitive And Neuropsychological Profiles In Professional Musicians, Catherine E. Schneider Jan 2018

Music Training As A Neuro-Cognitive Protector For Brain Aging: Cognitive And Neuropsychological Profiles In Professional Musicians, Catherine E. Schneider

Theses and Dissertations--Gerontology

The proportion of older adults living with cognitive impairments is increasing rapidly. This shift will likely increase mortality rates, reduce perceived quality of life, and cause economic burden to patients and health care systems. Currently evidence of highly effective and noninvasive interventions that prevent or slow the onset of cognitive impairment are limited. This study aims to better understand what drives cognitive aging variability among musicians versus non-musicians. Music playing has been shown to improve brain and cognitive functions by engaging networks of brain areas, simultaneously involving cortical mechanisms associated with executive, high-level cognitive and motor functions, and multiple sensory …

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The Restriction Of Prescription Drugs In Health Care, Mason Zopp Jan 2018

The Restriction Of Prescription Drugs In Health Care, Mason Zopp

Honors Projects

No abstract provided.

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Senate Bill 578: The Youth Mental Health Protection Act, Skylar Smith Jan 2018

Senate Bill 578: The Youth Mental Health Protection Act, Skylar Smith

Honors Projects

No abstract provided.

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Minimum Nurse To Patient Ratios, Kate Bolinksy Jan 2018

Minimum Nurse To Patient Ratios, Kate Bolinksy

Honors Projects

No abstract provided.

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Mandating Flu Vaccines For Health Care Workers, Miranda Marcucci Jan 2018

Mandating Flu Vaccines For Health Care Workers, Miranda Marcucci

Honors Projects

No abstract provided.

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Correlates Of Hepatitis C Positivity Among People Who Inject Drugs In Ukraine, Serhii Myroshnychenko Jan 2018

Correlates Of Hepatitis C Positivity Among People Who Inject Drugs In Ukraine, Serhii Myroshnychenko

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Abstract

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The Impacts Of Hiv-Specific Criminal Laws On Hiv Serostatus Disclosure, Risk Behaviors, And Hiv Testing, Shao-Chiu Juan Jan 2018

The Impacts Of Hiv-Specific Criminal Laws On Hiv Serostatus Disclosure, Risk Behaviors, And Hiv Testing, Shao-Chiu Juan

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Before the advent of anti-retroviral therapy (ART), many states enacted and strictly enforced laws that criminalized HIV transmission. These laws were enacted to prevent HIV-infected individuals from knowingly transmitting the virus to the uninfected. Over the past two decades, however, questions have been raised regarding the effectiveness of HIV criminalization and its unintended consequences. For example, there is little evidence that the criminalization of HIV transmission has been effective in reducing the spread of the disease, particularly when compared to education and other prevention efforts. Moreover, stigmatization associated with criminalization may actually undermine public health efforts. The dissertation aims to …

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