Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Increasing Self-Efficacy Through Role Emerging Placements: Implications For Occupational Therapy Experiential Learning, Amy Mattila, Elizabeth D. Deiuliis, Ann B. Cook

Journal of Occupational Therapy Education

Fieldwork education is an essential component of occupational therapy curriculum design and student development. Today’s students are faced with a variety of challenges in the changing, diverse healthcare system, and educators need to ensure there are placements that best prepare them for these demands. Role emerging fieldwork offers an opportunity to not only meet the curricular requirements of fieldwork education, but also afford students the chance to develop confidence and skills unique to this kind of placement. The purpose of this explanatory case study was to explore graduate occupational therapy students’ self-efficacy before and after a Level I role emerging …

Self-Determination Theory And Professional Reasoning In Occupational Therapy Students: A Mixed Methods Study, Tiffany Bolton, Evan Dean

Journal of Occupational Therapy Education

Occupational therapy (OT) education frequently utilizes experiential learning as an effective instructional method to develop professional reasoning in OT students. However, there is little information about the development of professional reasoning. The researchers used a mixed-methods design to determine the extent to which an experiential learning course was effective in supporting professional reasoning ability with thirty-six OT students. Participants were students enrolled in an experiential learning course, which was part of their didactic graduate curriculum. Students attended an assigned setting weekly for sixteen weeks. Researchers collected data using the Self-Assessment of Clinical Reflection and Reasoning (SACRR) as well as reflective …

Differences In The Use And Perceptions Of Evidence-Based Practice Between Occupational Therapy Students And Practitioners, Alison Nichols, Paige Creighton, Annie Derolf, Shelby Hale, Leann Vandeman, Kersten Laughlin, Kelsie Long

Journal of Occupational Therapy Education

This study explored differences in perceptions of evidence-based practice (EBP) between occupational therapy (OT) students and practitioners. Researchers aimed to understand student and practitioner perceptions of barriers, knowledge, attitudes, and confidence in EBP. Occupational therapy students (n=61) and practitioners (n=21) completed an online researcher-created survey and the Evidence-Based Practice Confidence (EPIC) Scale survey. Results indicated practitioners were more confident in utilizing EBP than students, particularly when identifying a gap in knowledge related to a patient (p = <.001) deciding on a course of action for a client (p = <.001), and assessing the efficacy of EBP on client outcomes (p = <.001). This finding was inconsistent with previous research, which may be due to more practitioners receiving formal education on EBP. It is critical for OT education to support student learning and application of clinical reasoning throughout the EBP process in order to increase confidence. This study was limited by the use of a homogenous population from a single university.

Implications Of Student Debt On Financial Wellness: Can Universities Help?, Anne Leighty

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection

Introduction. Exploring whether or not students feel prepared financially for graduation is a useful exercise for universities as the results can provide ways to better support their students as they move into life after graduation. Financial wellness plays a role in a person’s overall wellness and happiness. This could be of particular concern for pharmacy students due to increasing cost of education and typically, a minimum of six years of education is required. If universities implemented better ways to educate their students on student loans and financial well-being, new graduates could have decreased financial anxiety, as well as improved overall …

Are We Making Smart Pumps Smarter?, Brittany Schaefer

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection

Background: Medication errors comprise a significant proportion of medical errors, and are abundant, costly, and associated with causing harm to patients via adverse drug events. The most serious medication errors often involve IV medications. Smart pumps were developed to improve patient safety by reducing medication errors. While some studies have found that smart pumps do not decrease medication errors, most have found they are effective to some degree. It is believed that routinely analyzing data on smart pump alerts, making corresponding adjustments in the drug libraries, and analyzing those adjustments can reduce alarm fatigue, which may then decrease medication errors …

Evaluation Of Medication Risks For Falls On An Inpatient Medical/Surgical Unit, Joseph Zegar

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Collection

Purpose: Patient falls during hospitalization can delay discharge and decrease quality of life. Medications are one factor that can impact fall risk. This study examines patients who fell while admitted to a cardiac surgery unit to identify which high-risk medications are most prevalent to promote patient safety.

Methods: This was a retrospective case control study. Adult patients over the age of 18 were included. Exclusion criteria included pediatric patients and those with an intentional fall event. A total of 39 falls and 78 controls were analyzed in the study. The primary outcome was a fall event during hospitalization. Other variables …

Recent Therapeutic Developments In Spinal Muscular Atrophy, Gamze Bora, Ayşe Yeşbek-Kaymaz, Can Ebru Beki̇rcan-Kurt, Vi̇ldan Göknur Hali̇loğlu, Haluk Aydin Topaloğlu, Hayat Erdem-Yurter, Sevi̇m Erdem-Özdamar

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Proximal spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease with a heterogeneous clinical phenotype. Although there is no cure for SMA, several strategies are currently being developed. In this review, we summarize the ongoing clinical trials and molecular mechanisms of successful approaches to SMA treatment.

Clinical Significance Of Imaging Findings For Atlantoaxial Rotatory Subluxation In Children, Xiaobo Zhang, Cong Luo, Ming Li, Xin Zhang, Hui Hui, Qing Zeng, Tingyu Li, Dewen Zhang, Yuanyuan Zhang, Cui Wang, Chuankang Liu, Xing Liu, Xiangyang Qu, Yujiang Cao, Hai Zhou

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: This study evaluated the usefulness of measuring the atlantodental interval (ADI) and lateral atlantodental spaces (LADSs) by retrospectively analyzing the imaging data of children of various ages with and without atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation (AARS). Materials and methods: The data of 495 children who underwent cranial computed tomography were collected. Among these children, 255 children were clinically diagnosed with AARS while 240 children were not. ADI and LADS values were measured. Results: The difference in mean ADI between children with and without AARS in all age groups was statistically signi cant (t-test, all P < 0.05). In children without AARS, the 95% reference range for ADI was <3.2 mm. e di erence in the variance of bilateral lateral atlantodental spaces (VBLADSs) between children with and without AARS in all age groups was statistically signi cant (rank-sum test, all P < 0.05), with a 95% reference range of 0?2.20 mm (D-test). Conclusion: The ADI is a well-known and frequently used parameter and is not new, but there is little research about this in China and here we con rm its application in Chinese children. e LADS is not a frequently used parameter, but it does not signi cantly di er. e VBLADS parameter is new and signi cant in this manuscript. We concluded that VBLADSs of >2.2 mm are useful indicators for …

Evaluation Of The Histopathological Effects Of Salbutamol Inhaler Treatment In An Experimentally Induced Rat Model Of Pulmonary Contusion, Berat Di̇lek Demi̇rel, Tuğba Ayçi̇çek, Seda Gün, Sertaç Hancioğlu, Ünal Biçakci, Mehmet Ender Aritürk, Riza Feri̇t Bernay

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of salbutamol inhaler treatment in an experimentally induced model of pulmonary contusion. Materials and methods: Thirty-two male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups: the control group (CG), sham group (SG), treatment group 1 (TG1), and treatment group 2 (TG2). Experimental contusion was established by targeting the right lung tissue. After 72 h, histopathological evaluation for the severity of edema, hemorrhage, and leukocyte infiltration was performed in both sides of the lungs. Results: Examination of right lung tissues revealed a significant difference in edema, hemorrhage, leukocyte infiltration, and total lung …

Positive Effect Of Restrictions On Antibiotic Consumption, Oğuz Karabay, Gülsüm Kaya, Ertuğrul Güçlü, Azi̇z Öğütlü

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: This study aimed to examine the change in the etiology of hospital infections with restricting and releasing of group 2 carbapenems (G2C) (meropenem/imipenem/doripenem). Materials and methods: This study was planned in three periods. Study period 1 (SP-1): Carbapenems were prescribed without restriction by infectious disease specialists. SP-2: G2C prescription was restricted. SP-3: Carbapenem prescription was released. Results: In total, 4443 cases [1053 in SP-1 (23.7%), 1332 in SP-2 (29.9%), and 2085 in SP-3 (46.9%)] were included in the study. Infection rates were 11%, 6.5%, and 7.9% in SP-1, SP-2, and SP-3, respectively (P = 0.001). Acinetobacter spp.-related hospital infection …

Determination Of In Situ Degradation Kinetics Of Some Legume Waste Not Used For Human Consumption, Şevket Evci̇, Mehmet Aki̇f Karsli

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the chemical composition, in situ ruminal degradation kinetics, and protein fractions of subsieve dry beans (DB), chickpeas (CCP), red lentils (RL), and green lentils (GL). Four samples of those legumes were utilized as replicates and were incubated for up to 48 h in the rumen of 3 rams. RL and CCP had higher organic matter (OM) than DB and GL. Crude protein (CP) was the highest in GL (P < 0.05). Ether extract (EE) concentrations were higher in CCP and DB compared to those of RL and GL (P < 0.05). Crude fiber (CF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents were the highest in RL (P < 0.05). The acid insoluble nitrogen (ADIN-N) content was similar in all samples evaluated. While RL had the lowest OM and CP degradability and water-soluble OM and CP concentrations, DB and CCP had the highest potentially degradable OM and CP contents at the end of the 48 h incubation period (P < 0.05). Escaped protein content was the highest in RL and the lowest in DB (P < 0.05). In conclusion, some of the pulse species that are produced locally and not suitable for human consumption can be used in the diet of ruminant animals as a source of protein based on OM and CP degradabilities and escape protein contents.

Effects Of A Customized Professionalism Educational Intervention On Physical Therapists’ Knowledge And Attributes Of Professionalism, Joseph A. Balogun Distinguished University Professor, Chidozie E. Mbada Dr., Adetutu O. Balogun Dr., Udoka A. Okafor Dr.

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Purpose: There is a growing call around the world to include professionalism in the entry-level education of physical therapists and to teach professionalism as a continuing education professional development workshop for practicing physical therapists. Unfortunately, there is currently no empirical evidence to support the use of didactic instruction to effectuate a change in the knowledge and attributes of professionalism. This study evaluated the effects of a customized professionalism educational intervention on physical therapists’ knowledge and attributes of professionalism.

Methods: A quasi-experimental research was conducted among 47 Nigerian physical therapists (Mean age = 41 ± 10.1 years). The educational intervention consisted …

The Relationships Between Religiosity And Internalizing Symptoms In African American Parent-Adolescent Dyads, Alyssa L. Faro, Laura G. Mckee, Randi L. Garcia, Deborah J. Jones

Psychology: Faculty Publications

Objectives: African American (AA) adolescents face a greater risk of internalizing symptoms, including symptoms of both depression and anxiety, compared with other racial groups; yet, relatively less is known about the variables that contribute to internalizing symptoms. With the aim of advancing this work, this study examined factors that may buffer against such symptoms (maternal warmth, religiosity), as well as those that may confer additional risk (maternal psychopathology). Method: One hundred ninety-three AA single mothers and their adolescent youth reported on religiosity, maternal warmth and depressive symptoms, and youth internalizing symptoms. Dyadic structural equation modeling was used to examine the …

Psychometric Properties Of The Hoarding Rating Scale-Interview, David F. Tolin, Christina M. Gilliam, Elizabeth Davis, Kristen Springer, Hannah C. Levy, Randy O. Frost, Gail Steketee, Michael C. Stevens

Psychology: Faculty Publications

The present study tested the psychometric properties of an expanded version of the Hoarding Rating Scale (HRS-I), a semistructured interview for hoarding disorder (HD). Eighty-seven adults with HD and 44 healthy control (HC) participants were assessed using the HRS-I and completed a battery of self-report measures of HD severity, negative affect, and functional impairment. All interviews were audio recorded. From the HD participants, 21 were randomly selected for inter-rater reliability (IRR) analysis and 11 for test-retest reliability (TRR) analysis. The HRS-I showed excellent internal consistency (α = 0.87). IRR and TRR in the HD sample were good (intra-class coefficients = …

“A Threat On The Ground”: The Consequences Of Witnessing Stereotype-Confirming Ingroup Members In Interracial Interactions, Valerie Jones Taylor, Randi L. Garcia, J. Nicole Shelton, Caitlyn Yantis

Psychology: Faculty Publications

Objectives: Three studies explored interpersonal consequences of engaging in interracial interactions after witnessing racial ingroup members’ stereotypical behavior.

Method: Study 1 used experience-sampling methodology to assess ethnic minority students’ (n = 119) intergroup anxiety, metastereotypes, and anticipatory behaviors following one of three types of interpersonal interactions: (a) a White person and a racial ingroup member who had behaved stereotypically, (b) a White person and a nonstereotypical ingroup member, or (c) neither. Studies 2 (n = 273) and 3 (n = 379) experimentally examined whether witnessing an ingroup member’s stereotypically negative behavior in interracial interactions, compared to stereotypically positive (Study 2) …

Iact Undergraduate Certificate In Applied Creativity (Year 1 - 2018), Brian Laduca

IACT Certificate Program

At the Institute of Applied Creativity for Transformation (IACT) at ArtStreet, we seek to empower a creatively confident 21st-century student with the ability to discover, invent and innovate ambiguous ideas through a disruptive design process that will impact today’s ever-changing global world regardless of degree focus.

IACT is home to the nation’s first undergraduate certificate in Applied Creativity for Transformation. Open to undergraduate students of any major, the certificate is a first step in achieving the University of Dayton’s vision of innovation, applied creativity, entrepreneurship and community engagement for the common good.

Cultures: How Different Are They? A Nursing Perspective, Sanduni Silva

Senior Honors Theses and Projects

Chapter one will explore nursing models for culturally competent care and review three different theorists. First theorists, Campinha-Bacote (2008), will explain the model of cultural competence. Second theorist, Giger and Davidhizar talks about the model of transcultural nursing. Their theorist, Leininger, will explain cultural care diversity and universality theory/model. Chapter two will explain the differences between the first three cultures which include Muslim, Jewish, an Chinese. This will include the types of foods they may eat, religions they follow along with religious practices , and what each culture may find as social norms. When talking about social norms, with each …

The Experiences Of Undergraduate Students Of Color In The Field Of Speech-Language Pathology, Charu Dwivedi

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

This qualitative research study explored why undergraduate students of color have pursued degrees in speech-language pathology. The population of the United States consisting of individuals of color is rapidly increasing. However, the demographic of individuals of color in the field of speech-language pathology is not. Interviews with undergraduate students of color were completed to understand their journey that led them to the field. The results of the study indicated that the students of color who succeeded in getting accepted into a speech-language pathology major had support, internal motivation, and were financially stable.

Proteolipid Protein 1 Regulates Inflammation In The Central Nervous System, Whitney Hoff

Wayne State University Theses

Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) results from mutations in the proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1) gene including PLP1 duplications and deletions. The absence of PLP is preferable to PLP1/Plp1 duplication in PMD patients and rodents as lifespan of PLP1/Plp1 null mammals is nearly normal. The reason for this is not entirely understood. However, because of this, less attention has been placed on Plp1 null mutations than on classical PMD mutations. However, data show that PLP levels must be properly titrated to ensure normal brain function. Specifically, changes in PLP1/Plp1 expression can result in massive microglia activation in animal models of PMD and likely …

Dexa Use For Early Detection Of Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis-Related Bone Disease, Christina Baldwin, Renallie Arcinas, Melissa Ham, Stacie Hunter, Megha Mehta, Preeti Sharma, Prigi Anu Varghese, Kelli Williams, David M. Troendle, Meghana Sathe

2018

No abstract provided.

Improving Weight For Length In Infants With Cystic Fibrosis, Christina Baldwin, Lauren Lazar, Stacie Hunter, Meghana Sathe

2018

No abstract provided.

Optical Coherence Tomography Application To Alopecia In The Scalp, Elizabeth Melcher

Research Opportunities for Engineering Undergraduates (ROEU) Program 2017-18

Alopecia is the loss of hair, whether it be from the scalp or other regions of the body. Current techniques used to best diagnose and track alopecia are often invasive, requiring a biopsy for results. The use of the OCT, or optical coherence tomography, could drastically improve a patient’s experience in undergoing a diagnosis while proving accurate results. The objective of this study is to develop diagnostic algorithms for the rapid, non-invasive diagnosis of alopecia with OCT. The first step is collecting OCT images of a healthy scalp to understand the anatomical structures with the imaging technique.

Design And Development Of An Emergency System For Children In A Hot Car At Risk Of Heatstroke, Nathan Kisha

Research Opportunities for Engineering Undergraduates (ROEU) Program 2017-18

Since 1998, an average of 37 children have died every year due to heat-related deaths after being stuck in a vehicle, making it the leading cause of non-crash-related fatalities among children. This creates an opportunity to create a system which will be able to detect this danger and do something in order to prevent it. There are 4 main objectives for the system to be able to accomplish: 1) determine if the temperature in the car poses a risk, 2) use an alarm to provide a warning and wake up a sleeping child, 3) determine if someone is in the …

Case Report Of Squamous Cell Cancer Arising In Perineal Epidermal Inclusion Cyst, Presenting As Rapidly Enlarging And Cavitating Lesion., Jose Vale, Yijun Pang, Arthur Kumpf, David Fitkin, Scott Drew

Oncology Articles

INTRODUCTION: Cutaneous squamous cell cancer (cSCC) is a common condition, with straight forward and well-known heuristics regarding diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance. cSCC arising in an epidermal inclusion cyst is rare, but not unheard of. In contrast, the authors' are unaware of any prior reports of cSCC arising in an epidermal inclusion cyst within an atypical cavernous and cavitating lesion in the perineum.

PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 48-year-old male presented with a cavitating and rapidly growing cutaneous perineal lesion. Preliminary diagnostic procedures (biopsy) showed benign pathology and imaging showed no involvement of perineal organs such as prostate or rectum. Discordance between …

Provision Of Medical Supply Kits To Improve Quality Of Antenatal Care In Mozambique: A Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomised Trial, Ana Pilar Betrán, Eduardo Bergel, Sally Griffin, Armando Melo, My Huong Nguyen, Alicia Carbonell, Santos Mondlane, Mario Merialdi, Marleen Temmerman, A Metin Gülmezoglu

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Background: High levels of maternal and newborn mortality and morbidity remain a daunting reality in many lowincome countries. Several interventions delivered during antenatal care have been shown to improve maternal and newborn outcomes, but stockouts of medical supplies at point of care can prevent implementation of these services. We aimed to evaluate whether a supply chain strategy based on the provision of kits could improve quality of care.

Methods: We did a pragmatic, stepped-wedge, cluster-randomised controlled trial at ten antenatal care clinics in Mozambique. Clinics were eligible if they were not already implementing the proposed antenatal care package; they served …

The Satisfactory Growth And Development At 2 Years Of Age Of The Intergrowth-21st Fetal Growth Standards Cohort Support Its Appropriateness For Constructing International Standards., José Villar, Leila Cheikh Ismail, Eleonora Staines Urias, Francesca Giuliani, Sikolia Wanyonyi

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Background: The World Health Organization recommends that human growth should be monitored with the use of international standards. However, in obstetric practice, we continue to monitor fetal growth using numerous local charts or equations that are based on different populations for each body structure. Consistent with World Health Organization recommendations, the INTERGROWTH-21st Project has produced the first set of international standards to date pregnancies; to monitor fetal growth, estimated fetal weight, Doppler measures, and brain structures; to measure uterine growth, maternal nutrition, newborn infant size, and body composition; and to assess the postnatal growth of preterm babies. All these standards …

The Global Impact Of The Dracma Guidelines Cow’S Milk Allergy Clinical Practice, Alessandro Fiocchi, Holger Schunemann, Ignacio Ansotegui, Amal Assa’Ad, Sami Bahna, Roberto Berni Canani, Martin Bozzola, Lamia Dahdah, Christophe Dupont, Motohiro Ebisawa, Elena Galli, Haiqi Li, Rose Kamenwa, Gideon Lack, Alberto Martelli, Ruby Pawankar, Maria Said, Mario Sánchez-Borges, Hugh Sampson, Raanan Shamir, Jonathan Spergel, Luigi Terracciano, Yvan Vandenplas, Carina Venter, Susan Waserman, Gary Wong, Jan Brozek

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Background: The 2010 Diagnosis and Rationale for Action against Cow’s Milk Allergy (DRACMA) guidelines are the only Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines for cow’s milk allergy (CMA). They indicate oral food challenge (OFC) as the reference test for diagnosis, and suggest the choice of specific alternative formula in different clinical conditions. Their recommendations are flexible, both in diagnosis and in treatment.

Objectives & methods: Using the Scopus citation records, we evaluated the influence of the DRACMA guidelines on milk allergy literature. We also reviewed their impact on successive food allergy and CMA guidelines at national and …

Analytical High-Resolution Electron Microscopy Reveals Organ-Specific Nanoceria Bioprocessing, Uschi M. Graham, Robert A. Yokel, Alan K. Dozier, Lawrence Drummy, Krishnamurthy Mahalingam, Michael T. Tseng, Eileen Birch, Joseph Fernback

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

This is the first utilization of advanced analytical electron microscopy methods, including high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping to characterize the organ-specific bioprocessing of a relatively inert nanomaterial (nanoceria). Liver and spleen samples from rats given a single intravenous infusion of nanoceria were obtained after prolonged (90 days) in vivo exposure. These advanced analytical electron microscopy methods were applied to elucidate the organ-specific cellular and subcellular fate of nanoceria after its uptake. Nanoceria is bioprocessed differently in the spleen than in the liver.

Addition Of Midodrine In Icu Patients And The Impact On Vasopressor Tapering, Leslie Siegel Pharmd

Pharmacy Residency

Presentation given at Great Lakes Pharmacy Residency Conference 2018

Impact Of Restriction Criteria On Optimal Ertapenem Use In A Community Health System, Curtis Stump Pharmd

Pharmacy Residency

Presentation given at Great Lakes Pharmacy Residency Conference 2018