Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Effect Of Supplementation During The Breeding Season On A May-Calving Herd In The Nebraska Sandhills, Alicia C. Lansford, Jacki A. Musgrave, Richard N. Funston Funston

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Females in their first and second breeding season received either a 32% crude protein (DM) supplement or no supplement throughout the breeding season. Supplementation did not affect heifer BW, BCS, and pregnancy rate at pregnancy diagnosis. Supplementation impacted primiparous cow BW and BCS at pregnancy diagnosis, but did not affect pregnancy rates. Calf birth weight and dystocia rates were unaffected by supplementation for both heifers and primiparous cow. Calves nursing supplemented dams were heavier at weaning. Greater supplementation may be needed to affect pregnancy rate.

Prognostic Value Of 1p/19q Chromosomal Codeletion In Patients With Oligodendroglioma, Altaf Ali Laghari, Muhammad Usman Khalid, Namra Qadeer, Muhammad Shahzad Shamim

Section of Neurosurgery

Oligodendrogliomas are common intra-axial primary brain tumours, and carry special significance due to several key features, which when present provide better prognosis compared to other intra-axial tumours. One of these features is presence of 1p/19q chromosomal codeletion that seems to not only be a marker of better prognosis but also signifies better response to chemotherapy. Herein the authors review the literature for evidence of the prognostic value of 1p/19q codeletion in OD.

Spatial Distribution Of Road Traffic Crash Fatalities In Karachi: Perspective From 2008-2012, Rashid Jooma, Mir Shabbar Ali, Masood Ali Shaikh

Section of Neurosurgery

Road Traffic Crash (RTC) mortality and morbidity is one of the major public health problems in Karachi. In this study we used geographic information systems (GIS) to visualize and quantify the spatial distribution of RTC mortality and yearly trend from 2008 to 2012, for all 24 administrative subdivisions of Karachi, using Road Traffic Injury Research and Prevention Center's (RTIRPC) data. Cumulatively, 6040 deaths were recorded by RTIRPC, out of which we were able to map 4657 (77.1%) deaths based on location information available in the database. During the 5-year period, highest number of cumulative RTC fatalities were recorded for Kemari, …

The Top 50 Most-Cited Articles On Total Ankle Arthroplasty: A Bibliometric Analysis, Azeem Tariq Malik, Shahryar Noordin

Section of Orthopaedic Surgery

Total Ankle Arthroplasty (TAA) is a relatively new and evolving field in Foot and Ankle surgery. We conducted a citation analysis to identify the characteristics of the top 50 most cited articles on total ankle arthroplasty. Using the Web of Science database and the search strategy total ankle arthroplasty OR total ankle replacement, we identified 2445 articles. After filtering for relevant articles, the top 50 cited articles on total ankle arthroplasty were retrieved for descriptive and statistical analysis. The publication years ranged from 1979 to 2013. USA was the most productive country in terms of research output, followed by …

Homelessness Predicts Attrition But Not Alcohol Abstinence In Outpatients Experiencing Co-Occurring Alcohol Dependence And Serious Mental Illness., Emily Leickly, Jordan Skalisky, Oladunni Oluwoye, Sterling M Mcpherson, Debra Srebnik, John M Roll, Richard K Ries, Michael G Mcdonell

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

BACKGROUND: Adults experiencing homelessness and serious mental illnesses (SMI) are at an increased risk of poor mental health and treatment outcomes compared with stably housed adults with SMI. The additional issue of alcohol misuse further complicates the difficulties of those living with homelessness and SMI. In this secondary data analysis, the authors investigated the impact of homelessness on attrition and alcohol use in a contingency management (CM) intervention that rewarded alcohol abstinence in outpatients with SMI.

METHODS: The associations between housing status and attrition and alcohol abstinence during treatment, as assessed by ethyl glucuronide (EtG) urine tests, were evaluated in …

Teaching Children Road Safety Through Storybooks: An Approach To Child Health Literacy In Pakistan, Haris Ahmad, Rubaba Naeem, Nukhba Zia, Asher Feroze, Amarah Shakoor, Uzma R. Khan, Asad Mian

Department of Emergency Medicine

Background: Road traffic injuries (RTIs) commonly affect the younger population in low- and-middle-income countries. School children may be educated about road safety using storybooks with colorful pictures, which tends to increase the child’s interest in the text. Therefore, this study assessed the use of bilingual pictorial storybooks to improve RTI prevention knowledge among school children.
Methods: This pretest-posttest study was conducted in eight public and nine private schools of Karachi, Pakistan, between February to May 2015. Children in grades four and five were enrolled at baseline (n = 410). The intervention was an interactive discussion about RTI prevention using a …

Academic Incivility In Modern Generation Of Nursing Students, Laila Akber Cassum

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Incivility in nursing academia and workplace is one of the emerging and complex issues in recent years, and can have substantial consequences on the organizational benchmark as well as on the teaching and learning milieu of the institution. Growth of academic incivility among the modern and diversified generation of students can have a profound destructive impact on their academic life and professional career. Impolite and discourteous attitude and behavior in a classroom atmosphere can originate from the learners as well the teachers, which can significantly impact the critical thinking and learning outcomes of the learner. This matter needs to be …

Impact Of Divorce On Students’ Life, Laila Akber Cassum

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Tensions and anxiety is the common phenomena among the students of modern generation. These students go through stress due to personal, psychosocial, familial and academic matters. Some of the common ones which substantially impact their lives like family disputes, academic challenges, parental conflicts, financial concerns, social isolation and interpersonal matters, parental separation and divorce, separation from family and reduced support system. Untiring conflicts between the parents weakens the lifelong marriage contract to the verge of break down where both the life partners determines to go for the option of divorce. This creates traumatic and nerve wracking atmosphere at home and …

Peptide Density Targets And Impedes Triple Negative Breast Cancer Metastasis, Daxing Liu, Peng Guo, Craig Mccarthy, Biran Wang, Yu Tao, Debra Auguste

Publications and Research

The C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4, CD184) pathway is a key regulator of cancer metastasis. Existing therapeutics that block CXCR4 signaling are dependent on single molecule-receptor interactions or silencing CXCR4 expression. CXCR4 localizes in lipid rafts and forms dimers therefore CXCR4 targeting and signaling may depend on ligand density. Herein, we report liposomes presenting a CXCR4 binding peptide (DV1) as a threedimensional molecular array, ranging from 9k to 74k molecules μm−2, target triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). TNBC cells exhibit a maxima in binding and uptake of DV1functionalized liposomes (L-DV1) in vitro at a specific density, which yields a …

Teaching Third-Year Medical Students To Address Patients’ Spiritual Needs In The Surgery/Anesthesiology Clerkship, Holly G. Atkinson, David Fleenor, Susan M. Lerner, Edward Poliandro, Joseph Truglio

Publications and Research

Introduction: Despite many patients wanting physicians to inquire about their religious/spiritual beliefs, most physicians do not make such inquiries. Among physicians who do, surgeons are less likely than family and general practitioners and psychiatrists to do so.

Methods: To address this gap, we developed a 60-minute curriculum that follows the Kolb cycle of experiential learning for third-year medical students on their surgery/anesthesiology clerkship. The session includes definitions of religion/spirituality, an overview of the literature on spirituality in surgery, a review of the FICA Spiritual History Tool, discussion of the role of the chaplain and the process of initiating a chaplain …

Continuous Monitoring Devices And Seizure Patterns By Glucose, Time And Lateralized Seizure Onset., Katie M Kinnear, Nicole M Warner, Alan M Haltiner, Michael J Doherty

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Objectives: To investigate if glucose levels influence seizure patterns.

Materials and methods: In a patient with RNS/NeuroPace implanted bi-temporally and type 1 diabetes mellitus, seizure event times and onset locations were matched to continuous tissue glucose.

Results: Left focal seizure (LFS, n = 22) glucoses averaged 169 mg/dL, while right focal seizure (RFS, n = 23) glucoses averaged 131 mg/dL (p = 0.03). LFS occurred at mean time 17:02 while RFS occurred at 04:23. LFS spread to the contralateral side (n = 19) more than RFS (n = 2).

Conclusion: Seizure onset laterality and spread vary with glucose and time …

"Of Mice And Measures": A Project To Improve How We Advance Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Therapies To The Clinic., Heather Gordish-Dressman, Raffaella Willmann, Laura Dalle Pazze, Arati Kreibich, Maaike Van Putten, Ahlke Heydemann, Laurent P. Bogdanik, Cathleen Lutz, Kay Davies, Alexis R Demonbruen, Dongsheng Duan, David Elsey, So-Ichiro Fukada, Mahasweta Girgenrath, J Patrick Gonzalez, Miranda D Grounds, Andy Nichols, Terry Partridge, Marco Passini, Francesca Sanarica, Frederick J Schnell, Dominic J Wells, Toshifumi Yokota, Courtney S Young, Zhong Zhong, Christopher Spurney, Melissa Spencer, Annamaria De Luca, Kanneboyina Nagaraju, Annemieke Aartsma-Rus

Faculty Research 2018

A new line of dystrophic mdx mice on the DBA/2J (D2) background has emerged as a candidate to study the efficacy of therapeutic approaches for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). These mice harbor genetic polymorphisms that appear to increase the severity of the dystropathology, with disease modifiers that also occur in DMD patients, making them attractive for efficacy studies and drug development. This workshop aimed at collecting and consolidating available data on the pathological features and the natural history of these new D2/mdx mice, for comparison with classic mdx mice and controls, and to identify gaps in information and their potential …

The Prevalence And Awareness Of Sleep Apnea In Patients Suffering Chronic Pain: An Assessment Using The Stop-Bang Sleep Apnea Questionnaire., Gregory S Tentindo, Scott M Fishman, Chin-Shang Li, Qinlu Wang, Steven D Brass

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Purpose: Some patient subsets are at higher risk of sleep apnea, including patients with chronic pain. However, it is unclear whether patients and their caregivers are aware of the possibly increased risk of sleep apnea in this population. Chronic pain is often treated with opioids which may decrease both the central respiratory drive and the patency of the upper airway, potentially contributing to this sleep disorder. Using a self-reporting questionnaire approach in the chronic pain population, this study surveyed patient and caregiver awareness surrounding the risk of sleep apnea. In addition, we looked at the influence of opioid therapy on …

Targeted Treatment Of Advanced Ovarian Cancer: Spotlight On Rucaparib., Diana C Pearre, Krishnansu S Tewari

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

The last 2 years have ushered in a new era in ovarian cancer therapy with the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) approval of poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi). One of the deadliest cancers that women experience, ovarian cancer, is most often diagnosed in advanced stages. Although cytoreductive surgery and (platinum/taxane-based) chemotherapy can place the majority of patients into remission, most will experience a relapse of their disease in their lifetime. This has led to studies exploring the benefits and efficacy of maintenance treatment. This review will briefly discuss the history of maintenance therapy as well as focus on …

Effectiveness Of Subcutaneously Administered Leuprolide Acetate To Achieve Low Nadir Testosterone In Prostate Cancer Patients., Christopher M Pieczonka, Przemyslaw Twardowski, Joseph Renzulli, Jason Hafron, Deborah M Boldt-Houle, Stuart Atkinson, Scott Eggener

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Evidence suggests lower nadir testosterone levels during the first year of androgen deprivation therapy improve advanced prostate cancer clinical outcomes. We evaluated pivotal trials for subcutaneously administered leuprolide acetate (1-, 3-, 4-, and 6-month doses) to determine nadir testosterone levels. Pooled analysis showed 99%, 97%, and 91% of patients reached nadir testosterone ≤20, ≤10, and ≤5 ng/dL respectively (median ≤3 ng/dL). Across all available categories, $88% of patients reached nadir testosterone ≤5 ng/dL, and

Assessing Cognitive Abilities In High-Performing Cochlear Implant Users., Jake Hillyer, Elizabeth Elkins, Chantel Hazlewood, Stacey D Watson, Julie G Arenberg, Alexandra Parbery-Clark

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Despite being considered one of the most successful neural prostheses, cochlear implants (CIs) provide recipients with a wide range of speech perception performance. While some CI users can understand speech in the absence of visual cues, other recipients exhibit more limited speech perception. Cognitive skills have been documented as a contributor to complex auditory processing, such as language understanding; however, there are no normative data for existing standardized clinical tests assessing cognitive abilities in CI users. Here, we assess the impact of modality of presentation (i.e., auditory-visual versus visual) for the administration of working memory tests in high-performing CI users …

Classification And Outcome Measures For Psoriatic Arthritis., Ying Ying Leung, Alexis Ogdie, Ana-Maria Orbai, William Tillett, Laura C Coates, Vibeke Strand, Philip Mease, Dafna D Gladman

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is an inflammatory arthritis with multiple manifestations: peripheral/axial arthritis, enthesitis, dactylitis, psoriasis, and nail involvement. From having an agreed upon classification criteria in 2006, the assessment of PsA has advanced from uncertainties to development and validation of numerous specific outcome measures. The Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic arthritis (GRAPPA) has spearheaded the development of a core domain set and is now working on a core outcome measurement set to standardize outcome measures for PsA, that will provide guidance for use of instruments in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and longitudinal observational studies (LOS). This …

Persistent Sex Disparities In Clinical Outcomes With Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Insights From 6.6 Million Pci Procedures In The United States., Jessica Potts, Alex Sirker, Sara C Martinez, Martha Gulati, Mirvat Alasnag, Muhammad Rashid, Chun Shing Kwok, Joie Ensor, Danielle L Burke, Richard D Riley, Lene Holmvang, Mamas A Mamas

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

BACKGROUND: Prior studies have reported inconsistencies in the baseline risk profile, comorbidity burden and their association with clinical outcomes in women compared to men. More importantly, there is limited data around the sex differences and how these have changed over time in contemporary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) practice.

METHODS AND RESULTS: We used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample to identify all PCI procedures based on ICD-9 procedure codes in the United States between 2004-2014 in adult patients. Descriptive statistics were used to describe sex-based differences in baseline characteristics and comorbidity burden of patients. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to investigate the …

Myxopapillary Ependymoma With Anaplastic Features: A Case Report With Review Of The Literature., Tridu R Huynh, Conrad Lu, Doniel Drazin, Gregory Lekovic

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Background: Myxopapillary ependymoma (MPE) with anaplastic features is extremely rare, with only three case reports in the literature.

Case Description: We report the case of a MPE with anaplastic features in a 24-year-old female who presented with a dominant lumbar mass along with intracranial and sacral metastases. Upon gross total resection of the dominant tumor located at L2-L3, it appeared to arise from the filum terminale, and had a solid component in addition to soft or necrotic areas. Histologically, the tumor was composed of the two classic components of MPE: (1) low-grade ependymal cells surrounding blood vessels, producing the papillary …

Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis Of Human Placentae At Term And Preterm Delivery., Alison G Paquette, Heather M Brockway, Nathan D Price, Louis J Muglia

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Preterm birth affects 1 out of every 10 infants in the United States, resulting in substantial neonatal morbidity and mortality. Currently, there are few predictive markers and few treatment options to prevent preterm birth. A healthy, functioning placenta is essential to positive pregnancy outcomes. Previous studies have suggested that placental pathology may play a role in preterm birth etiology. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that preterm placentae may exhibit unique transcriptomic signatures compared to term samples reflective of their abnormal biology leading to this adverse outcome. We aggregated publicly available placental villous microarray data to generate a preterm and term …

Earle A. Chiles Research Institute 2017 Year In Review, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

2017 Year in Review for the Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, a division of Providence Cancer Institute at the Robert W. Franz Cancer Center. Year in Review is published annually and highlights translational immunotherapy research from the Earle A. Chiles Research Institute.

A leader in cancer immunotherapy research and innovation since 1993, the Earle A. Chiles Research Institute is a world-class research facility, and home to a team of internationally known scientists and physicians.

4-Year Results From The Rapid-Psa Phase 3 Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trial Of Certolizumab Pegol In Psoriatic Arthritis., Désirée Van Der Heijde, Atul Deodhar, Oliver Fitzgerald, Roy Fleischmann, Dafna Gladman, Alice B Gottlieb, Bengt Hoepken, Lars Bauer, Oscar Irvin-Sellers, Majed Khraishi, Luke Peterson, Anthony Turkiewicz, Jürgen Wollenhaupt, Philip Mease

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Objective: To report the efficacy, patient-reported, radiographic and safety outcomes of 4 years' certolizumab pegol (CZP) treatment in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA).

Methods: RAPID-PsA (NCT01087788) was double-blind and placebo-controlled to Week 24, dose-blind to Week 48 and open-label (OL) to Week 216. Patients were randomised 1:1:1 to either placebo or CZP 200 mg every 2 weeks (Q2W) or 400 mg every 4 weeks (Q4W) (following 400 mg at Weeks 0/2/4). Patients randomised to CZP continued their assigned dose in the OL period. Patients randomised to placebo were re-randomised to CZP 200 mg Q2W or 400 mg Q4W (post-loading dose) …

Simulating Human Pleura Performance In Medical Training Using Measured Tissue Mechanical Properties, Jack Norfleet

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Medical simulations provide hands-on training at various levels of medical expertise. Yet these simulators fail to accurately mimic the look, feel and behavior of human tissue. Applying measured mechanical properties from human cadaver tissues promises to improve the fidelity of simulated tissue behaviors when subjected to medical procedures. Samples of human parietal pleura were tested under uniaxial tension to failure and measured characteristics were replicated in synthetic pleura. Context specific parameters were then collected and compared between human pleura and the new synthetics. These comparisons tested the hypothesis; H1 Gaps exist between synthetic and human pleura performance, H2: Human tissue …

The Developmental And Genetic Basis Of ‘Clubfoot’ In The Peroneal Muscular Atrophy Mutant Mouse, J. Martin Collinson, Nils Lindström, Carlos Neves, Karen Wallace, Caroline Meharg, Rebecca Charles, Zoe Ross, Amy Fraser, Ivan Mbogo, Kadri Oras, Masaru Nakamoto, Simon Barker, Suzanne Duce, Zosia Miedzybrodzka, Neil Vargesson

Biology Faculty Publications

Genetic factors underlying the human limb abnormality congenital talipes equinovarus (‘clubfoot’) remain incompletely understood. The spontaneous autosomal recessive mouse ‘peroneal muscular atrophy’ mutant (PMA) is a faithful morphological model of human clubfoot. In PMA mice, the dorsal (peroneal) branches of the sciatic nerves are absent. In this study, the primary developmental defect was identified as a reduced growth of sciatic nerve lateral motor column (LMC) neurons leading to failure to project to dorsal (peroneal) lower limb muscle blocks. The pma mutation was mapped and a candidate gene encoding LIM-domain kinase 1 (Limk1) identified, which is upregulated in mutant lateral LMC …

Readability Of Prostate Cancer Information Online: A Cross-Sectional Study, Corey H. Basch, Danna Ethan, Sarah A. Maclean, Joseph Fera, Phillip Garcia, Charles E. Basch

Publications and Research

Reading and understanding health information, both components of health literacy, can influence patient decisions related to disease management. Older adults, the population of males at greatest risk for prostate cancer, may have compromised capacity to understand and use health information. The purpose of this study was to determine the readability of prostate cancer materials on the Internet using five recommended readability tests. Using a cleared Internet browser, a search was conducted for “prostate cancer.” The URLs of the first 100 websites in English were recorded to create the sample. The readability scores for each website were determined using an online, …

An Audience With International Regulators In The Manufacture Of Medicines 2018: Quality Risk Management (Qrm) And Knowledge Management (Km), Anne Greene (Editor), Kevin O'Donnell (Editor), Nuala Calnan (Editor)

Books

A monograph based on a seminar organised by The School of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, with Regulatory Science Ireland, and with The Health Products Regulatory Authority

Baby's Skin, Deborah Weatherspoon, Debra Henline Sullivan

Walden Faculty and Staff Publications

A neonate's skin serves many important roles, is fragile, and requires special care. The childbirth educator may be called on to give sound, evidence based advice to caregivers who have concerns about their baby's skin. This article reviews the basics in newborn skin care with qualified recommendations on skin imperfections. Neonatal skin alterations are reviewed and include erythema toxicum neonatorum, milia, sebaceous glands, baby acne, and cradle cap. Babies are also affected by too much moisture which can result in drool rashes, heat rashes, and diaper rashes. These rashes are common and treatable with proficient guidance. Other skin concerns are …

Temporal And Geospatial Trends Of Pediatric Cancer Incidence In Nebraska Over A 24-Year Period, Evi A. Farazi, Shinobu Watanabe-Galloway, L. Westman, B. Rettig, P. Hunt, R. Cammack, John W. Sparks, Don W. Coulter

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

BACKGROUND: Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) revealed that the incidence of pediatric cancer in Nebraska exceeded the national average during 2009-2013. Further investigation could help understand these patterns.

METHODS: This retrospective cohort study investigated pediatric cancer (0-19 years old) age adjusted incidence rates (AAR) in Nebraska using the Nebraska Cancer Registry. SEER AARs were also calculated as a proxy for pediatric cancer incidence in the United States (1990-2013) and compared to the Nebraska data. Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping was also used to display the spatial distribution of cancer in Nebraska at the county level. Finally, …

Absolute Oral Bioavailability Of Creatine Monohydrate In Rats: Debunking A Myth, Eman A. Alraddadi, Ryan Lillico, Jonathan L. Vennerstrom, Ted M. Lakowski, Donald W. Miller

Journal Articles: Pharmaceutical Sciences

Creatine is an ergogenic compound used by athletes to enhance performance. Supplementation with creatine monohydrate (CM) has been suggested for musculoskeletal and neurological disorders. Until now, little is known about its pharmacokinetic profile. Our objective was to determine the oral bioavailability of CM and the influence of dose on oral absorption. Rats were dosed orally with low dose (10 mg/kg) or high dose (70 mg/kg)

The Enzymatic Activity Of Apobe3g Multimers, Yangang Pan, Karen Zagorski, Luda S. Shlyakhtenko, Yuri L. Lyubchenko

Journal Articles: Pharmaceutical Sciences

APOBEC3G (A3G) belongs to the family of cytosine deaminases that play an important role in the innate immune response. Similar to other, two-domain members of the APOBEC family, A3G is prone to concentration-dependent oligomerization, which is an integral for its function in the cell. It is shown that oligomerization of A3G is related to the packing mechanism into virus particle and, is critical for the so-called roadblock model during reverse transcription of proviral ssDNA. The role of oligomerization for deaminase activity of A3G is widely discussed in the literature; however, its relevance to deaminase activity for different oligomeric forms of …