Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Developing An Implementation Science Research Agenda To Improve The Treatment And Care Outcomes Among Adolescents Living With Hiv In Sub-Saharan Africa, Julie Denison, Audrey Pettifor, Lynne Mofenson, Deanna Kerrigan

HIV and AIDS

In February 2016, Project SOAR convened a Technical Advisory Network meeting, attended by more than 50 international and domestic thought leaders in adolescent HIV care research and a small group of youth from southern Africa who are living with HIV. To prepare the groundwork for the meeting, SOAR produced a background paper synthesizing the literature on HIV continuum of care outcomes among adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) in sub-Saharan Africa, where most adolescent cases of HIV are concentrated. This report presents the findings from the literature review and highlights from the Technical Advisory Network meeting. The first section is a …

The Trend Of Communicable And Non-Communicable Diseases In East African Community (Eac) Countries: Case Study Of Burundi, Rwanda, And Uganda - 1990 To 2013, Emile Shumbusho

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Background: In low and middle-income countries (LMICs), non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are rapidly emerging alongside a well-documented persistence of communicable diseases (CDs) in fragile health care systems. In sub-Saharan Africa, chronic NCDs are expected to overtake CDs as the leading cause of death. The aim of this study was to compare mortality rates due to CDs and NCDs between developed countries, developing countries, Burundi, Rwanda, and Uganda from 1990 to 2013.

Methods: A descriptive study with longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses of mortality rates was conducted using the global burden of disease (GBD) study data. Tableau Public 9.3 software was utilized to …

The Use Of Hybrid Educational Method For Trauma Training Among U.S. Air Force Nurses, Karey M. Dufour

Doctor of Nursing Practice Program Projects

Trauma assessment is a core skill for all United States Air Force nurses. However, with the recent withdrawals from Iraq and Afghanistan, there are serious concerns about how Air Force nurses can maintain high-level trauma skills without the frequent exposure and opportunities in which to perform them. Although training affiliation agreements with local civilian trauma centers exist, it is difficult to routinely send nurses to receive training in these facilities due to time constraints. Simulation is a feasible way to provide essential training and allows participants to practice critical skills during reproducible scenarios in a realistic but non-threatening environment. Providing …

Five Rivers Family Health Center Community Health Needs Assessment, Kara Yutzy

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Objectives: To conduct a community health needs assessment (CHNA) on the three zip codes around Five Rivers Family Health Center (FRFHC) in order to guide healthcare professionals in creating goals and priorities for needed health services in their health center’s targeted community.

Methods: The investigator gathered zip code specific data from the American Community Survey, Public Health - Dayton & Montgomery County, the Dayton Police Department, and other online sources for the FRFHC CHNA zip codes. Data on the targeted zip codes was compared to data from Montgomery County, Ohio, and the United States.

Results: The greatest disparities between the …

Growth Of Biometric Components And Development Of Refractive Errors In Premature Infants With Or Without Retinopathy Of Prematurity, Özdemi̇r Özdemi̇r, Zühal Özen Tunay, Damla Ergi̇ntürk Acar

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: To investigate the biometric components and refractive errors in premature infants with or without retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Materials and methods: Anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, vitreous length, and axial length were measured with an ultrasound biometer. Cycloplegic refraction was performed by streak skiascopy. Infants with or without ROP were grouped according to postmenstrual age at the time of ocular examination: Group 1, ≤33 weeks; Group 2, 34-37 weeks; Group 3, 38-41 weeks; Group 4, 42-45 weeks; Group 5, ?46 weeks. Results: The mean postnatal age of 894 infants (451 females and 443 males) was 8.7 ± 4.5 weeks, …

Polymorphisms In Androgen Metabolism Genes Ar, Cyp1b1, Cyp19, And Srd5a2 And Prostate Cancer Risk And Aggressiveness In Bulgarian Patients, Darina Kachakova, Atanaska Mitkova, Elenko Popov, Olga Beltcheva, Alexandrina Vlahova, Tihomir Dikov, Svetlana Christova, Vanio Mitev, Chavdar Slavov, Radka Kaneva

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: The aim of our study was to elucidate the role of polymorphisms in AR, CYP1B1, CYP19, and SRD5A2 genes for prostate cancer (PC) development in Bulgarian patients. Materials and methods: We genotyped 246 PC patients and 261 controls (155 with benign prostate hyperplasia and 107 healthy population controls) using direct sequencing, PCR-RFLP, SSCP, and fragment analysis. Results: The allele and genotype frequencies of most of the studied variants did not differ significantly between cases and controls. Increased frequencies of the C/C genotype and C allele of rs1056837 in CYP1B1, and genotype 7/8 of the (TTTA)n repeat polymorphism in CYP19, …

Stem Cell Therapy And Macular Degeneration, Brenda Stern

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Macular degeneration is the leading cause of vision loss in Americans sixty years and older. Currently, it is an incurable disease. Stem cell therapy is the idea of transplanting stem cells to replace damaged cells in the body. As the demand for transplantable organs far outweighs the supply, stem cells are an encouraging alternative to replace damaged cells. Can stem cell therapy be the first cure for macular degeneration? Many experiments have been done on transplanting stem cells into the eyes of rats with macular degeneration yielding promising results. The first transplantation of retinal pigmented epithelial stem cells into humans …

Residency And Fellow Participation In Root Cause And Intensive Analysis 2015-16, Kelly A. Rabah

Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Publications

The purpose of this document is to familiarize you with two processes that help with quality improvement known as a root cause analysis and an intensive analysis. Further, to explain your role in the process and the importance of your active participation.

Objectives:

• To understand the difference between a root cause and intensive analysis and be able to articulate when each would be appropriate.

• To learn about the importance of patient safety and quality through participation in these processes.

• To gain appreciation and insight into the importance of your role in examining medical and system errors as …

Use Of Non-Human Primates In Cocaine Research, Raija H. Bettauer

Experimentation Collection

No abstract provided.

Exploring Attitudes Toward Euthanasia Among Shelter Workers And Volunteers In Japan And The U.S., Maho Cavalier

HSU STUDENT THESES AND CAPSTONE PROJECTS

Conflicts between foreign and Japanese volunteers concerning decisions to euthanize animals that are in terminal condition were noted during anecdotal observation by this author at a Japanese animal rescue shelter. Thus, this research was undertaken to explore attitudes of shelter staff in Japan. As a point of comparison, U. S. shelter workers were also interviewed. Twenty current or former shelter workers (16 participants from Japan and 4 participants from the U.S.), ranging in age from 20 to 65, were interviewed. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with the Japanese participants; e-mail and/or Skype were used to conduct the interviews with the participants …

Thinking Pigs: Cognition, Emotion, And Personality, Lori Marino, Christina M. Colvin

Mammalogy Collection

An exploration of the cognitive complexity of Sus domesticus, the domestic pig.

Dry Period Plane Of Energy: Effects On Glucose Tolerance In Transition Dairy Cows, S. Mann, F. A. Leal Yepes, M. Duplessis, J. J. Wakshlag, T. R. Overton, B. P. Cummings, D. V. Nydam

Physiology Collection

Overfeeding energy in the dry period can affect glucose metabolism and the energy balance of transition dairy cows with potential detrimental effects on the ability to successfully adapt to early lactation. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of different dry cow feeding strategies on glucose tolerance and on resting concentrations of blood glucose, glucagon, insulin, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) in the peripartum period. Cows entering second or greater lactation were enrolled at dry-off (57 d before expected parturition) into 1 of 3 treatment groups following a randomized block design: cows …

Body Condition Score And Plane Of Nutrition Prepartum Affect Adipose Tissue Transcriptome Regulators Of Metabolism And Inflammation In Grazing Dairy Cows During The Transition Period, M. Vailati-Riboni, M. Kanwal, O. Bulgari, S. Meier, N. V. Priest, C. R. Burke, J. K. Kay, S. Mcdougall, M. D. Mitchell, C. G. Walker, M. Crookenden, A. Heiser, J. R. Roche, J. J. Loor

Physiology Collection

Recent studies demonstrating a higher incidence of metabolic disorders after calving have challenged the management practice of increasing dietary energy density during the last ~3 wk prepartum. Despite our knowledge at the whole-animal level, the tissue-level mechanisms that are altered in response to feeding management prepartum remain unclear. Our hypothesis was that prepartum body condition score (BCS), in combination with feeding management, plays a central role in the peripartum changes associated with energy balance and inflammatory state. Twenty-eight mid-lactation grazing dairy cows of mixed age and breed were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 treatment groups in a 2 × …

Uric Acid-Induced Adipocyte Dysfunction Is Attenuated By Ho-1 Upregulation: Potential Role Of Antioxidant Therapy To Target Obesity, Komal Sodhi, Jordan Hilgefort, George Banks, Chelsea Gilliam, Sarah Stevens, Hayden A. Ansinelli, Morghan Getty, Nader G. Abraham, Joseph I. Shapiro, Zeid J. Khitan

Internal Medicine

Increased uric acid levels have been implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. To examine the mechanisms by which this occurs, we hypothesized that an increase in heme oxygenase 1, a potent antioxidant gene, will decrease uric acid levels and adipocyte dysfunction via suppression of ROS and xanthine oxidase (XO) levels.We examined the effect of uric acid on adipogenesis in human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the presence and absence of cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP), an HO-1 inducer, and tin mesoporphyrin (SnMP), an HO activity inhibitor. Uric acid increased adipogenesis by increasing NADPH oxidase expression and elevation in the adipogenesis markers …

Adhd And Attention Problems In Children With And Without Spina Bifida, Rachel M. Wasserman, Alison M. Stoner, Alexa Stern, Grayson N. Holmbeck

Psychology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Objectives: To identify differences in the diagnosis and treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) between typically developing children and children with spina bifida. Method: Sixty-eight children with spina bifida and 68 demographically matched, typically developing children participated in a larger, longitudinal study. Rates of maternal, paternal, and teacher reports of attention problems, as well as rates of maternal reports of ADHD diagnosis, diagnosing provider, pharmaceutical treatment, mental health treatment, and academic accommodations were obtained at 5 time points over a period of 8 years and were compared across groups. Results: Children with spina bifida were more likely to have an …

Journal Of The Arkansas Academy Of Science - Volume 70 2016, Academy Editors

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

College Of Nursing, Dave Graves, Karissa Kuhle, Emily Weber

College of Nursing Magazine

Features
[Page] 2 — Path to awarding graduate degrees has been worth the effort.
[Page] 6 — Work/work balance—Faculty members discuss teaching and health-care careers.
[Page] 10 — Finding her niche: A class section spurs Kim Nearhood to find her passion.
[Page] 12 — West River Nursing Program graduates first DNP class.
[Page] 13 — Certified nurse midwife Brenna Tate gets to experience miracles.
[Page]14 — Lesley Cook and Julie Jones found ideal careers with VA.
[Page] 16 — It took some time but Susan Leddy found a role she loves.
[Page] 17 — Grant Jaspers makes the most of …

College Of Pharmacy And Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University

Jackrabbits Script and Scope (Formerly called College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions Magazine)

[Page] 2 Avera’s impact The Avera Health and Science Center, the college’s home, has been open for five years. The facility is a hub of education and professional development for students.
[Page] 4 Transformational gift Wenfeng An is officially introduced as the Markl Faculty Scholar in Cancer Research.
[Page] 6 Pediatric drug development Fall convocation keynote speaker addresses struggles with developing drugs for youth.
[Page] 8 MLS students earn white coats Class of 2016 MLS students receives white coats.
[Page] 10 SDSU Health College of Pharmacy joins other colleges to address the wellness of the campus community.
[Page] 12 Take …

The 12 Steps Of Addiction Recovery Programs As An Influence On Leadership Development: A Personal Narrative, Mitchell Friedman

School of Education Faculty Research

My participation in a 12-step addiction program based on the principles and traditions of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) has been critical for my leadership development. As I worked to refrain from addictive behaviors and practiced 12-step principles, I experienced a shift from individualistic, self-centered leadership towards a servant leader orientation. I thus consider the 12-step recovery process, which commenced in 2001, a leadership formative experience (LFE) as it had the greatest influence on my subsequent development. My experience of thinking about and rethinking my life in reference to leadership and followership lends itself to a personal inquiry. It draws on work …

Fruit And Vegetable Consumption Among Special School Students With Mild Intellectual Disability In Hong Kong, Wai Kuen, Vic Mok, T.K. Ling

Staff Publications

Objective: The aim of this study was to predict the fruit and vegetable consumption intention of students with mild intellectual disability in Hong Kong by the application of Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behaviour.

Methods: 50 students with mild intellectual disability (30 male and 20 female), ranging in age from 15 to 38 years, were participated in this study. By means of face-to-face interviews, demographic data, Food Preference and variables of Theory of Planned Behaviour, such as Attitude, Subjective Norm and Perceived Behavioural Control were measured.

Results: 20%, 28% and 10% students with mild intellectual disability were rated to be overweight, …

The Effects Of The Menstrual Cycle On Agility, Kheniser G. Karim

ETD Archive

It has long been speculated that the menstrual cycle affects athletic performance. Whether athletic performance is impacted by menstrual cycle phase is dependent upon an array of factors: the type of activity (i.e., aerobic or anaerobic); oral contraceptive (OC) use; and, possibly, if mental processing is required during the execution of the task. Prior research has indicated that alterations in estradiol (E2) affects cognitive performance. However, there is a paucity of information about whether E2 modulates the speed of cognitive processing in a sports setting, which may cause alterations in sport performance throughout the menstrual cycle. Additionally, variations in E2 …

Ua61/16 Class Of 2016, Wku Physical Therapy

WKU Administration Documents

Physical Therapy Class of 2016 yearbook. Features the following students:

• Allen, Whitney
• Anderson, Alexis
• Baston, Allison
• Bell, Devin
• Coode, Rett
• Dahl, David
• DiTommaso, Katie
• Ford, April
• Fortney, Brianne
• Fuller, Megan
• Goutsis, Dominque
• Gunn, Lorelei
• Hall, Timothy
• Harlan, James
• Hicks, Jacob
• Hubbuch, Emily
• Jones, Tom
• Macke, Cristina aka Vegas(?)
• McKinney, Kelli
• McReynolds, Lauren
• Muse, Terrell
• Reece, Melissa
• Sims, Shannon
• Smith, Laura
• Smith, Wesley
• Stalcup, Patrick
• Vittitow, Kristi
• Wilson, Kimberley
• Wright, Emily
• Wright, William aka Jason

Strengthening Community-Based Services For Children And Families Affected By Hiv: An Evaluation Of The Zambia Family Program, Project Soar

HIV and AIDS

As the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) pivots its focus to care and treatment, there is strong interest in learning to what extent community-based programs contribute to achieving the public health goals of getting people—including children and adolescents—tested, enrolled in care if infected, and adherent to treatment. This brief describes Project SOAR’s evaluation of the Zambia Family (ZAMFAM) program, which will generate critical evidence to help fill knowledge gaps. The evidence will also guide country and global decisionmakers in strengthening community-based services to better meet the care, support, and treatment needs of vulnerable children and their families.

Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Blockers In Hypertension: Alive And Well, William H. Frishman

NYMC Faculty Publications

Beta-adrenergic receptor blockers (β-blockers) are an appropriate treatment for patients having systemic hypertension (HTN) who have concomitant ischemic heart disease (IHD), heart failure, obstructive cardiomyopathy, aortic dissection or certain cardiac arrhythmias. β-Blockers can be used in combination with other antiHTN drugs to achieve maximal blood pressure control. Labetalol can be used in HTN emergencies and urgencies. β-Blockers may be useful in HTN patients having a hyperkinetic circulation (palpitations, tachycardia, HTN, and anxiety), migraine headache, and essential tremor. β-Blockers are highly heterogeneous with respect to various pharmacologic properties: degree of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, membrane stabilizing activity, β selectivity, α-adrenergic blocking effects, …

Continuous Eeg For Diagnosis Of Electrographic Seizures In The Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Unit: Using A Precious Resource Wisely, Saptharishi Lalgudi Ganesan

Data and Test Instruments

No abstract provided.

Neurologists Take Heed Lyme Neuroborreliosis Mimicry Is Afoot, Robert Ollar

NYMC Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Rehabilitation Following A Total Hip Arthroplasty For An Individual With Polyarticular Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case Study, Anna Jung

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Background and Purpose- Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA) is an autoimmune disorder present in children under the age of 17, most commonly seen in females. In JRA, the immune system attacks the body's cells and tissues causing persistent joint swelling and stiffness. There are 3 principle types of JRA, systemic JRA, pauciarticular JRA and polyarticular JRA. Polyarticular JRA is classified as involving 5 or more large and small joints of the legs, arms, jaw and neck. The purpose of this case study was to illustrate the rehabilitation program used for a patient with JRA following a left total hip arthroplasty (THA) …

Effectiveness Of Physical Therapy In An Elderly Man With Lyme Disease: A Case Report, Brittany Johnson

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Background and Purpose. Lyme disease is the most prevalent tick-borne infectious disease in the United States and presents with symptoms that can be treated with physical therapy intervention. The purposes of this case report are to present (1) an example of physical therapy intervention as treatment for a 61 year old male diagnosed with late stage Lyme disease with multiple impairments; (2) to report the patient's functional outcomes; and (3) to provide basis for further research on the effects of physical therapy intervention as it relates to late stage Lyme disease.

Case Description. The 60 year old, male …

Regaining Function After A Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction: A Case Report, Talya Lori Tysver

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Background and Purpose: Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction is a common surgical procedure for the correction of recurrent patellar instability. There is a shortage of case reports, systematic reviews, and meta analyses conducted on the rehabilitation process of MPFL reconstructions post-operatively. The purpose of this case report is to look at the role of physical therapy in the course of recovery for a patient who has undergone an MPFL autograft reconstruction.

Case Description: The patient was a 21 year-old, Caucasian, English-speaking female. She presented with the chief complaint of R knee pain. She also had decreased core, hip, …

Physical Therapy For A Female With Acute Stroke: A Case Report, Lisa Grandpre

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Background and Purpose: Strokes are the 5th leading cause of death and adult disability in the US. Strokes affect each individual differently, some individuals more severely than others. The goal of physical therapists is to come up with the best treatment plan for each individual in order to restore as much function as possible.

Case Description: The patient was a Caucasian female in her 80s who suffered a stroke while in the hospital. She was living in assisted living prior to her hospital stay and was functional in the home only. The passive range of motion in her …