Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Revolutionizing The Patient Package Insert With Infographics, Mitchell R. Cunningham

BU Well

Communication is critical for all aspects of public health. In the pharmaceutical industry the patient package insert is relied on to relay important information to patients. However, there are many intrinsic flaws with the patient package insert that present themselves in the vast number of medical injuries patients incur. This article dissects the root problems of the patient package insert in the modern world and analyzes the potential of utilizing infographics to combat these issues.

Impacts From The Use Of Antibiotics In Livestock: Methods Of Transmission Of Antibiotic Resistance From Livestock To Humans, Kristin M. Walden

Biology: Student Scholarship & Creative Works

Antibiotic use in livestock production has been around since the 1950s. Antibiotic feed is used in livestock and other meat producing animals for three reasons: illness prevention, illness treatment, and growth promotion. Unfortunately, since the time that antibiotics were first invented, antibiotic resistant bacteria have become a threat to public health. There are many studies showing methods of transmission of antibiotic resistance from livestock to humans. Antibiotic resistance can spread from livestock to soil, water, insects, and food, which ultimately comes into contact with humans. A proposed study to measure antibiotic resistance when eliminating antibiotic feed will provide a hypothesis …

Ua61/16 Graduation Program, Wku Physical Therapy

WKU Administration Documents

Graduation program for WKU Physical Therapy class of 2016.

Benefits Of Wireless Telephone Technologies For Bilaterally Implanted Adults, Louisa Liang, Au.D., Paula Marcinkevich, Au.D.

Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Posters

Introduction

Cochlear implant (CI) recipients often have difficulty conversing on the telephone, particularly in noise. Successful use of landline and cellular telephones also can be limited because of less-than-optimal phone placement with respect to the sound processor microphone. One solution for recipients of Advanced Bionics cochlear implants may be the use of new streaming technologies from Phonak to improve the ability to talk on the phone. In addition to reducing interference caused by noise, use of these technologies is not strictly placement-dependent and also allows bilateral/bimodal recipients to take advantage of hearing with two ears.

The primary objective of this …

Effects Of Alcohol On Blood Pressure In Women With Hypertension, Anna Wistrom-Thesing

Nursing Capstones

No abstract provided.

Mycobacterium Cavitary Pneumonia - Not Your Tb Type - A Case Of Rare Mycobacterium Szulgai, Dhwani Pandya Md, Harshal Shah Do, Nicholas Dalessandro Do

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

A Qualitative Analysis Of Virtual Patient Descriptions In Healthcare Education Based On A Systematic Literature Review, Inga Hege, Andrzej A. Kononowicz, Daniel Tolks, Samuel Edelbring

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: Virtual Patients (VPs) have been in the focus of research in healthcare education for many years. The aim of our study was to analyze how virtual patients are described in the healthcare education literature, and how the identified concepts relate to each other.

Methods: We performed a literature review and extracted 185 descriptions of virtual patients from the articles. In a qualitative content analysis approach we inductively-deductively developed categories and deducted subcategories. We constructed a concept map to illustrate these concepts and their interrelations.

Results: We developed the following five main categories: Patient, Teacher, Virtual Patient, Curriculum, and Learner. …

Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury Induces Prolonged Immune Sysregulation And Potentiates Hyperalgesia Following A Peripheral Immune Challenge, Rachel K. Rowe, Gavin I. Ellis, Jordan L. Harrison, Adam D. Bachstetter, Gregory F. Corder, Linda J. Van Eldik, Bradley K. Taylor, Francesc Marti, Jonathan Lifshitz

Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications

Background: Nociceptive and neuropathic pain occurs as part of the disease process after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in humans. Central and peripheral inflammation, a major secondary injury process initiated by the traumatic brain injury event, has been implicated in the potentiation of peripheral nociceptive pain. We hypothesized that the inflammatory response to diffuse traumatic brain injury potentiates persistent pain through prolonged immune dysregulation.

Results: To test this, adult, male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to midline fluid percussion brain injury or to sham procedure. One cohort of mice was analyzed for inflammation-related cytokine levels in cortical biopsies and serum along an …

Cultural Competence And Ethical Decision Making For Health Care Professionals, Brenda Louw

ETSU Faculty Works

Cultural competence and ethical decision making are two separate, yet intrinsically related concepts which are central to services rendered by all health care professionals. Cultural competence is based on ethical principles and informs ethical decision making. In spite of this important connection, the interrelationship of these two concepts does not receive the attention it deserves in the literature. This issue is addressed by appraising the training and assessment of cultural competence and ethical decision making in the health care professions. The integrated relationship of these two concepts is illustrated within the broader contexts of higher education, research and clinical practice. …

Low Back Pain In Student Nurses: Literature Review And Prospective Cohort Study, Nancy Menzel, Du Feng, Jessica Doolen

Nursing Faculty Research

There is consensus that registered nurses worldwide have a high prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders, particularly of the back. Patient handling activities such as lifting present the highest risk of injury, activities that begin in nursing school. A literature review identified 21 studies of back pain in nursing students, indicating a wide range of prevalence rates. A prospective cohort study of nursing students in a United States baccalaureate program followed 119 students who completed the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire upon beginning the 16 month upper division major and then a year later. There was no statistically significant change in low back …

Abuse And Discrimination Towards Indigenous People In Public Health Care Facilities: Experiences From Rural Guatemala, Alejandro Cerón, Ana Lorena Ruano, Silvia Sánchez, Aiken S. Chew, Diego Díaz, Alison Hernández, Walter G. Flores

Anthropology: Faculty Scholarship

Background

Health inequalities disproportionally affect indigenous people in Guatemala. Previous studies have noted that the disadvantageous situation of indigenous people is the result of complex and structural elements such as social exclusion, racism and discrimination. These elements need to be addressed in order to tackle the social determinants of health. This research was part of a larger participatory collaboration between Centro de Estudios para la Equidad y Gobernanza en los Servicios de Salud (CEGSS) and community based organizations aiming to implement social accountability in rural indigenous municipalities of Guatemala. Discrimination while seeking health care services in public facilities was ranked …

2016-01-A3dsrinp-Csc-Sta-Cmb-522-Bps-542, Raymond Pulver, Neal Buxton, Xiaodong Wang, John Lucci, Jean Yves Hervé, Lenore Martin

Bioinformatics Software Design Projects

Cholesterol is carried and transported through bloodstream by lipoproteins. There are two types of lipoproteins: low density lipoprotein, or LDL, and high density lipoprotein, or HDL. LDL cholesterol is considered “bad” cholesterol because it can form plaque and hard deposit leading to arteries clog and make them less flexible. Heart attack or stroke will happen if the hard deposit blocks a narrowed artery. HDL cholesterol helps to remove LDL from the artery back to the liver.

Traditionally, particle counts of LDL and HDL plays an important role to understanding and prediction of heart disease risk. But recently research suggested that …

Pain And Laboratory Animals: Publication Practices For Better Data Reproducibility And Better Animal Welfare, Larry Carbone, Jamie Austin

Laboratory Research and Animal Welfare Collection

Scientists who perform major survival surgery on laboratory animals face a dual welfare and methodological challenge: how to choose surgical anesthetics and post-operative analgesics that will best control animal suffering, knowing that both pain and the drugs that manage pain can all affect research outcomes. Scientists who publish full descriptions of animal procedures allow critical and systematic reviews of data, demonstrate their adherence to animal welfare norms, and guide other scientists on how to conduct their own studies in the field. We investigated what information on animal pain management a reasonably diligent scientist might find in planning for a successful …

Patient Perception Of Telehealth Primary Care Video Visits, Rhea E. Powell, Md, Mph, Jeffrey Henstenburg, Bs, Grace Cooper, Ba, Judd Hollander, Md, Kristin L. Rising, Md, Ms

Department of Medicine Posters

Introduction

• Telehealth (TH) is an innovative model of care delivery with potential to provide more patient-centered healthcare, allowing patients to receive care when and where is most convenient.
• To date, little is known about patient perceptions of receiving care with the use of TH video visits.

Public Health Spending And Its Contributions To The Total Spend On Health, Glen P. Mays

Health Management and Policy Presentations

This presentation provides an overview of recent research on governmental public health expenditures and their interaction with medical spending, carried out through the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation supported initiatives on Public Health Services and Systems Research (PHSSR) and the new Systems for Action research program. This work illustrates the value of tracking resource use across multiple sectors that influence health and well-being in American communities. As such, this work can inform the ongoing dialogue about methodologies for summarizing total health spending for the U.S. and for state and local areas.

Non-Canonical Roles Of Trnas And Trna Mimics In Bacterial Cell Biology, Assaf Katz, Sara Elgamal, Andrei Rajkovic, Michael Ibba

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are the macromolecules that transfer activated amino acids from aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases to the ribosome, where they are used for the mRNA guided synthesis of proteins. Transfer RNAs are ancient molecules, perhaps even predating the existence of the translation machinery. Albeit old, these molecules are tremendously conserved, a characteristic that is well illustrated by the fact that some bacterial tRNAs are efficient and specific substrates of eukaryotic aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases and ribosomes. Considering their ancient origin and high structural conservation, it is not surprising that tRNAs have been hijacked during evolution for functions outside of translation. These roles beyond …

Development Of A Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience To Introduce Drug-Receptor Concepts, Hollie I. Swanson, Ok-Kyong Park-Sarge, Thushani Rodrigo-Peiris, Lin Xiang, Vincent M. Cassone

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Course-based research experiences (CUREs) are currently of high interest due to their potential for engaging undergraduate students in authentic research and maintaining their interest in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) majors. As part of a campuswide initiative called STEMCats, which is a living learning program offered to freshman STEM majors at the University of Kentucky funded by a grant from Howard Hughes Medical Institute, we have developed a CURE for freshmen interested in pursuing health care careers. Our course, entitled “Drug–Drug Interactions in Breast Cancer,” utilized a semester-long, in-class authentic research project and instructor-led discussions to engage students in …

Workflow Process To Incorporate Custom Patient Education And Selection Guides In An Ehr, Linda M. Schwartz Mde, Ahip, Cm, Joanne Stewart Bsn, Rn-Bc, Rnc-Ob

Department of Education

No abstract provided.

Why Not Fix It?, William H. Lane

English Faculty Publications

Have you felt the pinch of rising health care costs this year? If not, maybe you haven't actually needed to see a doctor or pay for a prescription. Even those of us who are lucky enough to be "covered" at work have noticed rapidly rising deductibles and copays - and shrinking networks of providers. Employers, facing a big, one-year increase in insurance costs, naturally enough go shopping for a new plan. But the big savings with a new plan often mean a big effective pay cut for everyone who's covered under it when employee contributions, deductibles and copays all rise …

Signaling In Effector Lymphocytes: Insights Toward Safer Immunotherapy, Kamalakannan Rajasekaran, Matthew J. Riese, Sridhar Rao, Li Wang, Monica Thakar, Charles Sentman, Subramaniam Malarkannan

Dartmouth Scholarship

Receptors on T and NK cells systematically propagate highly complex signaling cascades that direct immune effector functions, leading to protective immunity. While extensive studies have delineated hundreds of signaling events that take place upon receptor engagement, the precise molecular mechanism that differentially regulates the induction or repression of a unique effector function is yet to be fully defined. Such knowledge can potentiate the tailoring of signal transductions and transform cancer immunotherapies. Targeted manipulations of signaling cascades can augment one effector function such as antitumor cytotoxicity while contain the overt generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines that contribute to treatment-related toxicity such as …

Interventions For Treating Hyperemesis Gravidarum., Rupsa Boelig, Samantha J Barton, Gabriele Saccone, Anthony J Kelly, Steve J Edwards, Vincenzo Berghella

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Hyperemesis gravidarum is a severe form of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy affecting 0.3% to 1.0% of pregnancies, and is one of the most common indications for hospitalization during pregnancy. While a previous Cochrane review examined interventions for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, there has not yet been a review examining the interventions for the more severe condition of hyperemesis gravidarum.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness and safety, of all interventions for hyperemesis gravidarum in pregnancy up to 20 weeks' gestation.

SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register and the Cochrane Complementary Medicine Field's …

The Subjective Experience Of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury In Pediatric Patients, Ruta Clair, Mary Henigan, Sarah Allen, Katy Tresco

Research Day

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury is a neurologic insult that impacts a child’s functioning across domains. Risk factors include previous concussion history, force of impact, and gender. Current research regarding return to school following a brain injury suggests the need for accommodations in a number of areas of learning including changes in schedule, reduced exposure to screens and text, limitations to classroom expectations for tasks such as reading and note-taking, and modified testing. A one-size-fits-all approach to accommodations is problematic as recovery rates vary widely. Studies have also suggested that mood symptoms are comorbid with concussion recovery. Further, pediatric concussion patients …

The Effectiveness Of Coenzyme Q1 And Q10 In Mitigating Myocardial Reperfusion/Ischemia (Mi/R) Injury, Myles Ashitey, Jakob Sutton, Joseph Venditto, Kevin Kucharski, Jason Robbie, Daniel Kuo, Robert Barsotti, Lindon Young, Qian Chen

Research Day

Mitochondria may be a principle source of oxidative stress causing MI/R injury. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is essential for electron transport in normal mitochondria, has antioxidant properties but its bioavailability is likely reduced due to oxidative stress during MI/R. Coenzyme Q1 (CoQ1) is a derivative of CoQ10, but is a more potent antioxidant than CoQ10 due to a shorter isoprene chain. We hypothesize that CoQ1 will exhibit better cardioprotective effects during MI/R. CoQ1 (MW=250 g/mol; 20 μM, n=5) and CoQ10 (MW=863 g/mol; 20 μM, n=5) were given at reperfusion in isolated rat hearts subjected to I (30 min)/R (45 min). We …

Protein Kinase C (Pkc) Delta Activation Negatively Regulates Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate (Pma) Induced Superoxide (So) Release In Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes (Pmns), Stephanie Liu, Stephanie Percy, Samuel Johannson, Christine Adekayode, Gregory Stoner, Amelie Bottex, Jovan Adams, Robert Barsotti, Qian Chen

Research Day

It’s known that PMA is a broad-spectrum PKC activator that augments SO release in PMNs viaNADPH oxidase activation. It was shown that PKC delta (δ) negatively regulates PMN elastase release which suggests that PKC δ may also negatively regulate PMN NADPH oxidase SO release. To test the hypothesis, we altered PKC δ activity using selective cell permeable PKC δ activator, inhibitor peptides, and rottlerin, another type of PKC δ inhibitor. We predict that PKC δ activation would attenuate PMA-induced PMN SO release, whereas PKC δ inhibition would augment the response. Isolated PMNs (5x106) from male Sprague-Dawley rats were incubated in …

Financial Toxicity: A Side Effect Of Radiation Therapy For Cancer?, Tejash Patel, Joshua Palmer, Harriet Eldredge-Hindy, John Smyles, Jessie Dinome, Usha Babaria, Richard Stabile, Eric Gressen, Shari Rudoler, Scot Fisher

Research Day

The field of oncology is ever-changing, as new treatment options become available and treatment plans are unceasingly optimized. While the US remains at the forefront of medical innovation and treatment options for serious and complex conditions such as cancer, costs for cancer care are extremely high and continue to increase. Modern healthcare does not come without a price, and medical expenses can have a profound economic impact on American households. Nearly half of bankruptcy filings are in some way a result of medical expenses. While recent healthcare initiatives have increased access to care, many remain underinsured while facing increasing copayments …

Cadaveric And Chart Retrospective On Shoulder Variation: Morphology And Pain, Jeff Capone, Kerin M. Claeson, Lauren Noto-Bell

Research Day

Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment (OMT) is a category of several types of manual techniques used by osteopathic physicians. According to the osteopathic tradition, structure and function are intimately related. This project examined the relationship between shoulder structure and function in an osteopathic framework, with a specific goal to understand how the structure of the acromion affects the development of shoulder injuries. For the first part of this project, cadaveric dissections were performed and muscle diameters were taken of structures within the subacromial space. The second part of this project assessed the efficacy of OMT in shoulder somatic dysfunction for patients treated …

Focusing On Selection For Fixation, John K. Tsotsos, Calden Wloka, Yulia Kotseruba

MODVIS Workshop

Building on our presentation at MODVIS 2015, we continue in our quest to discover a functional, computational, explanation of the relationship among visual attention, interpretation of visual stimuli, and eye movements, and how these produce visual behavior. Here, we focus on one component, how selection is accomplished for the next fixation. The popularity of saliency map models drives the inference that this is solved; we suggested otherwise at MODVIS 2015. Here, we provide additional empirical and theoretical arguments. We then develop arguments that a cluster of complementary, conspicuity representations drive selection, modulated by task goals and history, leading to a …

Rural Men’S Health, Health Information Seeking, And Gender Identities: A Conceptual Theoretical Review Of The Literature, Bradley C. Hiebert, Beverly Leipert, Sandra Regan, Jacquelyn A. Burkell

FIMS Publications

Beginning as early as 2009, recent shifts in Canadian health care delivery indicate that access to health information is essential to promote and maintain a healthy population. It is important to understand how and where various populations, such as underresourced rural populations, access health information so that public health agencies can develop and deliver appropriate information with, for, and in these contexts. There is a paucity of research that specifically examines how rural Canadian men seek health information; therefore, this review aimed to conceptualize this process based on three dynamic key constructs: health patterns of rural Canadians, health information–seeking behaviors, …

Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Reveals Changes In Histone H2b Variants As Cells Undergo Inorganic Arsenic-Mediated Cellular Transformation, Matthew Rea, Tingting Jiang, Rebekah Eleazer, Meredith Eckstein, Alan G. Marshall, Yvonne N. Fondufe-Mittendorf

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Exposure to inorganic arsenic, a ubiquitous environmental toxic metalloid, leads to carcinogenesis. However, the mechanism is unknown. Several studies have shown that inorganic arsenic exposure alters specific gene expression patterns, possibly through alterations in chromatin structure. While most studies on understanding the mechanism of chromatin-mediated gene regulation have focused on histone post-translational modifications, the role of histone variants remains largely unknown. Incorporation of histone variants alters the functional properties of chromatin. To understand the global dynamics of chromatin structure and function in arsenic-mediated carcinogenesis, analysis of the histone variants incorporated into the nucleosome and their covalent modifications is required. Here …

The Data Do Not Seem To Support A Benefit To Bcaa Supplementation During Periods Of Caloric Restriction, Brad P. Dieter, Brad Jon Schoenfeld, Alan A. Aragon

Publications and Research

J Int Soc Sports Nutr 13:1-015-0112-9, 2016 describe the efficacy of branched chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation and resistance training for maintaining lean body mass during a calorie-restricted diet, and claim that this occurs with concurrent losses in fat mass. However, the reported results appear to be at odds with the data presented on changes in fat mass. This letter discusses the issues with the paper.