Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Insulin-Dependent Glucose Metabolism In Dairy Cows With Variable Fat Mobilization Around Calving, C. Weber, C. T. Schäff, U. Kautzsch, S. Börner, S. Erdmann, S. Görs, M. Röntgen, H. Sauerwein, R. M. Bruckmaier, C. C. Metges, B. Kuhla, H. M. Hammon

Physiology Collection

Dairy cows undergo significant metabolic and endocrine changes during the transition from pregnancy to lactation, and impaired insulin action influences nutrient partitioning toward the fetus and the mammary gland. Because impaired insulin action during transition is thought to be related to elevated body condition and body fat mobilization, we hypothesized that over-conditioned cows with excessive body fat mobilization around calving may have impaired insulin metabolism compared with cows with low fat mobilization. Nineteen dairy cows were grouped according to their average concentration of total liver fat (LFC) after calving in low [LLFC; LFC <24% total fat/dry matter (DM); n = 9] and high (HLFC; LFC >24.4% total fat/DM; n = 10) fat-mobilizing …

Effect Of Case Management On Glycemic Control And Behavioral Outcomes For Chinese People With Type 2 Diabetes: A 2-Year Study, Anne Fish, Xiaodan Yuan, Fengmei Wang, Cunyi Xue, Tao Chen, Chao Liu, Qingqing Lou

Nursing Faculty Works

Objective: To examine the effect of case management on glycemic control and behavioral outcomes in adults with Type 2 diabetes in China. Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to a 1-year case management (CM) group (n = 60) or control group (n = 60). Monthly case management visits included identifying individuals’ diabetesrelated problems, setting goals, planning self-care, and evaluating progress. During a 1-year follow-up, all participants attended visits every 3 months without intervention. Results: In the CM vs. the control group, HbA1c was reduced at 6 months compared to baseline (P = 0.034), with trends at 12 and 24 months, and …

20-Hete Contributes To Ischemia-Induced Angiogenesis, Li Chen, Gregory Joseph, Frank F. Zhang, Huyen Nguyen, Houli Jiang, Katherine H. Gotlinger, John R. Falck, Jing Yang, Michal L. Schwartzman, Austin M. Guo

NYMC Faculty Publications

Angiogenesis is an important adaptation for recovery from peripheral ischemia. Here, we determined whether 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) contributes to ischemia-induced angiogenesis and assessed its underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms using a mouse hindlimb-ischemia angiogenesis model. Hindlimb blood flow was measured by Laser Doppler Perfusion Imaging and microvessel density was determined by CD31 and tomato lectin staining. We found that systemic and local administration of a 20-HETE synthesis inhibitor, DDMS, or a 20-HETE antagonist, 6,15-20-HEDGE significantly reduced blood flow recovery and microvessel formation in response to ischemia. 20-HETE production, measured by LC/MS/MS, was markedly increased in ischemic muscles (91±11 vs. 8±2pg/mg …

Integration Of Basic And Clinical Sciences In Health Professions Education, Waeil Elmisalati, Vidushi Gupta, Cha Vu, Colleen Ahern, Priya Katwala, Aparna Bhat, Nader Burpee, Alivia Shasteen

Dental Medicine Faculty Publications

Part of the Journal of Dental Education's series “Peer Education: Reviews of the Literature,” this manuscript details different aspects of the vertical integration technique of incorporating didactic knowledge into a clinical setting within dental education.

Let’S Build Together: Expanding Comprehensive Sex Education In The United States, Olivia Cecchi

Sustainability and Social Justice

This paper seeks to critique the current state of sex education in the United States by examining the history of funding and the perceived effectiveness of some programs. In the past the American government has overwhelmingly supported abstinence-only methods of sex education through several federal funding streams. Yet there is little evidence to show that abstinence-only programs even work, thus there has been efforts to shift support to comprehensive sex education programs. This paper analyzes the results of several studies, which compare and evaluate the effectiveness of different types of sexuality education programs. Although these studies provide measurable evidence in …

Department Of Surgery Update, August 2016, Wright State University Department Of Surgery

Department of Surgery Updates

A three page newsletter created by the Department of Surgery documenting changes to the department. This issue contains a message from the chair, a list of important dates, committee meetings, scholarly activity, and more.

The Role Of Neurovascular Compromise, Autoimmune Antibodies And Neuronal Calcium Sensor Proteins During The Onset And Progression Of Alzheimer's Disease - Linking The Retina With The Brain, Hao Wu

Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Theses and Dissertations

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the main cause of dementia, is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disease. The pathological hallmarks of the disease include bloodbrain barrier (BBB) breach, neurofibrillary tang les and amyloid plaques. Also, emerging evidence has raised the possibility that instead of a secondary consequence, the neuroinflammation contributes to the development and early progression of AD. However, the mechanism underlying the blood-neural barrier (BNB), chronic inflammation and neuronal degenerative diseases (NDDs) remain to be elucidated.

To explore the role of the chronic inflammation in NDDs and delineate the early steps of these diseases, in vivo drug-induced and transgenic mouse models …

Perceptions Of Electronic Health Records Effects On Staffing, Workflow, & Productivity In Community Health Centers, Leah E. Masselink, Clese Erikson

Health Workforce Research Center Publications

Significant Federal investments under the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009 and the Affordable Care Act have motivated many community health centers (CHCs) to implement electronic health records (EHRs) in the past few years. Evidence suggests that EHR implementation causes significant changes in how primary care clinicians spend their time and may be associated with changes in staff and facility level productivity. However, the mechanisms to explain these changes were mostly speculative. The goals of this project were to understand how, from the perspective of clinicians, support staff, and administrators, CHCs’ implementation of EHRs has …

Semantic Knowledge Use In Discourse Produced By Individuals With Anomic Aphasia, Stephen Kintz, Heather Harris Wright, Gerasimos Fergadiotis

Speech and Hearing Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background---Researchers have demonstrated that people with aphasia (PWA) have preserved semantic knowledge (Dell et al., 1997; Jefferies & Lambon Ralph, 2006). However, Antonucci (2014) demonstrated that some PWA have impaired access to certain types of knowledge more than others. Yet, all these studies used single concepts. It has not been demonstrated whether PWA have difficulty accessing certain types of features within a discourse sample.

Aims—The main goals of this study were to determine if semantic knowledge and two category types were used differently within discourse produced by participants with anomic aphasia and healthy controls.

Method & Procedures—Participants …

Blood-Tissue Barriers And Autoantibodies In Neurodegenerative Disease Pathogenesis: An Approach To Diagnostics And Disease Mechanism, Eric Luria Goldwaser

Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Theses and Dissertations

Brain homeostasis can be affected in a number of ways that lead to gross anatomical, cellular, and molecular disturbances giving rise to diseases like Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias. Unfortunately, the mechanistic pathoetiology of AD’s hallmark features of cerebral amyloid plaque buildup and neuronal death are still disputed. Using human brain AD sections, immunohistochemistry experiments revealed internalized surface proteins, co-localized to an expanded lysosomal compartment. Other stains for amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ42) and various immunoglobulin (Ig) species displayed them leaking out of the cerebrovasculature through a dysfunctional blood-brain barrier (BBB), binding to neurons in the vicinity, and localizing to intracellular vesicles …

Accuracy Of The Modified Hardinge Approach In Acetabular Positioning, Prateek Goyal, Adrian Lau, Richard Mccalden, Matthew G. Teeter, James L. Howard, Brent A. Lanting

Bone and Joint Institute

© 2016 Joule Inc. or its licensors. Background: The surgical approach chosen for total hip arthroplasty (THA) may affect the positioning of the acetabular component. The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy in orienting the acetabular component using the modified Hardinge approach. Methods: We used our institutional arthroplasty database to identify patients with primary, press-fit, hemispherical acetabular components of a metal-on-polyethylene THA performed between 2003 and 2011. Patients with radiographs obtained 1-3 years after the index procedure were included for measurement of anteversion and inclination angles. Acceptable values of anteversion and abduction angles were defined as 15° …

Why Numerical Symbols Count In The Development Of Mathematical Skills: Evidence From Brain And Behaviour, Rebecca Merkley, Daniel Ansari

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Numerical skills measured prior to school entry are predictive of mathematics achievement longitudinally. It is therefore important that young children start school with strong mathematical foundations. Here we review evidence from behavior and neuroimaging that highlights numerical symbol knowledge as a key mediator between informal and formal mathematical competencies. We argue that future research should aim to elucidate cognitive and neuronal mechanisms underpinning the acquisition of symbolic knowledge. Furthermore, multiple aspects of numerical symbol knowledge, such as identification, cardinality, and ordinality, should be emphasized in preschool childcare environments

Rapid Decrement In The Effects Of The Ponzo Display Dissociates Action And Perception., Robert L Whitwell, Gavin Buckingham, James T Enns, Philippe A Chouinard, Melvyn A Goodale

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

It has been demonstrated that pictorial illusions have a smaller influence on grasping than they do on perceptual judgments. Yet to date this work has not considered the reduced influence of an illusion as it is measured repeatedly. Here we studied this decrement in the context of a Ponzo illusion to further characterize the dissociation between vision for perception and for action. Participants first manually estimated the lengths of single targets in a Ponzo display with their thumb and index finger, then actually grasped these targets in another series of trials, and then manually estimated the target lengths again in …

Effects Of Material Properties And Object Orientation On Precision Grip Kinematics., Vivian C Paulun, Karl R Gegenfurtner, Melvyn A Goodale, Roland W Fleming

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Successfully picking up and handling objects requires taking into account their physical properties (e.g., material) and position relative to the body. Such features are often inferred by sight, but it remains unclear to what extent observers vary their actions depending on the perceived properties. To investigate this, we asked participants to grasp, lift and carry cylinders to a goal location with a precision grip. The cylinders were made of four different materials (Styrofoam, wood, brass and an additional brass cylinder covered with Vaseline) and were presented at six different orientations with respect to the participant (0°, 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, …

A Longitudinal Investigation Of Predictors Of The Association Between Age 3 And Age 6 Behavioural Inhibition., Victoria C Johnson, Thomas M Olino, Daniel N Klein, Margaret W Dyson, Sara J Bufferd, C Emily Durbin, Lea R Dougherty, Elizabeth P Hayden

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Children who exhibit elevated levels of the temperament trait behavioural inhibition (BI) across time may be at greatest risk for anxiety. However, little research has investigated the influence of other temperamental traits, particularly positive emotionality (PE), on the continuity of BI in childhood, nor whether parental overprotection influences associations between early and later child BI. To explore whether PE and overprotection shape associations between early and later BI, this longitudinal study of three-year-olds (

Datum Isn't; Data Are, Vivian Mcalister

Data and Test Instruments

Selection of manuscripts for publication in a scientific journal is a subjective process. Safeguards, such as using multiple independent reviewers, review templates and conflict of interest guidelines, try to make the process fair. It is clear to editors that some reviewers’ judgments are guided by whether they just liked a manuscript or not. The editor’s job is to divine if the reasons for the opinion are valid. For some manuscripts, the description “poorly written” weighs heavily in the mind of the reviewer. Use of the term “data” as a singular noun is often seen as a marker of either scientific …

Implementing Spirometry-Driven Evidence-Based Asthma Care In A Primary Care Practice, Douglas C. Rau

Doctoral Projects

This project was a quality improvement initiative employing an educational intervention to increase the awareness and stress the importance of utilizing spirometry in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of asthma. Clinical support staff received training on how to perform spirometry and providers received education on the interpretation and utility of spirometry results to drive care to improve outcomes for clients with asthma. Project outcomes examined the self-rated confidence to perform and interpret spirometry before and after the intervention and the subsequent utilization pattern of office-based spirometry at the primary care clinic. For clinical support staff, the self-comfort level at performing …

Himmelfarb Library Liaison Letter - August 2016, George Washington University, Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library

Himmelfarb Library Liaison Letters

No abstract provided.

Alumni Journal - Volume 87, Number 2, Loma Linda University School Of Medicine

Alumni Journal, School of Medicine

Features
10 | An Unexpected Visit
12 | APC 2016 in Review
24 | Medicine, Faith, and Hope

Departments
2 | From the Editor
4 | From the President
6 | From the Dean
7 | The Student Fund
8 | School of Medicine News
42 | AIMS Report
46 | Alumni News
48 | In Memoriam
52 | Historical Snapshot
53 | What's Up Doc?

Extras
3 | New Executive Director
11 | Class Giving Report
49 | Tribute to Lawrence D. Longo '54

College Of Health Professions Assessment Plan, Developed Spring 2016, College Of Health Professions

News, Magazines and Reports

The assessment plan was developed to assess the College of Health Professions (CHP) student learning outcomes (SLOs). The SLOs were developed by CHP Dean and then revised by the Dean’s Administrative Council, and the CHP Academic Affairs Committee. They were approved by the CHP faculty in spring 2015. The student learning outcomes were developed based on the CHP mission statement and core values. The mission statement, core values, and student learning outcomes are included below.

Hepatic Fibrosis And Immune Phenotype Vary By Hcv Viremia In Hcv/Hiv Co-Infected Subjects: A Women's Interagency Hiv Study., Seema N Desai, Jennifer L Dodge, Alan L Landay, Marshall J Glesby, Patricia S. Latham, Maria C Villacres, Audrey L French, Stephen J Gange, Ruth M Greenblatt, Marion G Peters

Pathology Faculty Publications

HCV and HIV independently lead to immune dysregulation. The mechanisms leading to advanced liver disease progression in HCV/HIV coinfected subjects remain unclear.

In this cross-sectional study, we assessed the association of HCV viremia, liver fibrosis, and immune response patterns in well-characterized HIV phenotypes: Elite controllers (Elites), HIV controlled (ARTc), and HIV uncontrolled (ARTuc) matched by age and race. Groups were stratified by HCV RNA status. Regulatory T-cell frequencies, T-cell activation (HLADR+CD38+), apoptosis (Caspase-3+), and intracellular cytokines (interferon-γ, IL-2, IL-17) were assessed using multiparametric flow-cytometry. Liver fibrosis was scored by AST to platelet ratio index (APRI).

We found liver fibrosis (APRI) …

Spatiotemporal Gait Pattern In Children With And Without Down Syndrome While Walking From Level Surface To Stairs, Huaqing Liang, Xiang Ke, Jianhua Wu

Physical Therapy Faculty Research

Children with Down syndrome (DS) display a delayed motor development, and show clumsy and less coordinated gait pattern. Compared to typically developing children (TD), children with DS walk with a notably slower speed, a shorter stride length, a limited range of motion in ankle joint with increased plantar flexion, and reduced dorsal flexion throughout the gait cycle. When negotiating an obstacle, children with DS show shorter stride length and greater step length variability, and stop in front of the obstacle before stepping over it.

Effect Of Whole Body Vibration On Center Of Mass Movement In Children And Young Adults, Huaqing Liang, Jianhua Wu

Physical Therapy Faculty Research

Whole body vibration (WBV) has acute effects on postural control strategy. The degree of impact depends on the amplitude, frequency, and duration of WBV, and the difficult level of balance task as well as the reliability of sensory information to the individual [1, 2, 3]. Healthy young adults can return to the baseline level of postural sway for a simple balance task within 20 minutes after repeated exposure to WBV [4]. Little is known about the acute and residual effects of WBV on the center-of-mass (COM) movement after a single bout of WBV. This study aimed to understand the COM …

Contact Point, Arthur A. Dugoni School Of Dentistry

Contact Point

No abstract provided.

What's Happening: August 1, 2016, Maine Medical Center

What's Happening

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Taste Stimuli On Swallowing Function In Persons With Traumatic Injuries, Megan Asselin, Angela M. Dietsch

UCARE: Research Products

Background

Swallowing disorders are prevalent and costly. As of now, there are limited therapeutic options available to treat them. Extant research in limited populations has suggested that swallowing mechanics can be improved by extremely sour liquids, but this has not been tested in traumatically injured populations. However, sour tastants are unpleasant, and more palatable taste mixtures have not been tested.

Methods

The quantitative data were extracted from an existing pool of de-identified video fluoroscopic swallowing studies (moving radiographs) obtained from traumatically injured young adults under another research protocol. Each participant completed swallows of custom-mixed plain, sour, and sweet-sour boluses. Positions …

Multiple Sclerosis Risk Loci And Disease Severity In 7,125 Individuals From 10 Studies., Michaela George, Farren B. S. Briggs, Xiaorong Shao, Milena A. Gianfrancesco, Ingrid Kockum, Hanne F. Harbo, Elisabeth G. Celius, Steffan D. Bos, Anna Hedström, Ling Shen, Allan Bernstein, Lars Alfredsson, Jan Hillert, Tomas Olsson, Nikolaos A. Patsopoulos, Philip L. De Jager, Annette B. Oturai, Helle B. Søndergaard, Finn Sellebjerg, Per S. Sorensen, Refujia Gomez, Stacy J. Caillier, Bruce A. C. Cree, Jorge R. Oksenberg, Stephen L. Hauser, Sandra D'Alfonso, Maurizio A. Leone, Filippo Martinelli Boneschi, Melissa Sorosina, Ingrid Van Der Mei, Bruce V. Taylor, Yuan Zhou, Catherine Schaefer, Lisa F. Barcellos

Global Public Health | Faculty Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the association between 52 risk variants identified through genome-wide association studies and disease severity in multiple sclerosis (MS).

METHODS: Ten unique MS case data sets were analyzed. The Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS) was calculated using the Expanded Disability Status Scale at study entry and disease duration. MSSS was considered as a continuous variable and as 2 dichotomous variables (median and extreme ends; MSSS of ≤5 vs >5 and MSSS of

RESULTS: A total of 7,125 MS cases were analyzed. The wGRS and GRS were not strongly associated with disease severity after accounting for cohort, sex, age …

Household, Psychosocial, And Individual-Level Factors Associated With Fruit, Vegetable, And Fiber Intake Among Low-Income Urban African American Youth, Angela Trude, Anna Kharmats, Kristen Hurley, Elizabeth Steeves, Sameera A. Talegawkar, Joel Gittelson

Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Faculty Publications

Background

Childhood obesity, one of the greatest challenges to public health, disproportionately affects low-income urban minority populations. Fruits and vegetables (FV) are nutrient dense foods that may be inversely associated with excessive weight gain. We aimed to identify the individual characteristic, psychosocial, and household factors influencing FV and fiber consumption in low-income African-American (AA) youth in Baltimore, MD.

Methods

Cross-sectional analysis of data collected from 285 low-income AA caregiver-youth (age range: 10–14 y) dyads participating in the baseline evaluation of the B’More Healthy Communities for Kids obesity prevention trial. The Kid's Block FFQ was used to estimate daily intakes of …

Effectiveness Of An Interventional Program For The Management Of Hypertension Through Strengthening Of The Health Care Delivery System : A Pilot Study, Waris Qidwai, Khawar Kazmi, Kashmira Nanji, Sana Anees

Department of Family Medicine

Background: The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of an interventional program to improve hypertension management through strengthening of the health care delivery system.
Methods: A pilot study was conducted from February to December 2014 in two off-site Family Medicine clinics of the Aga Khan Hospital Karachi, Pakistan. Patients aged > 40 years, with known hypertension were included. At the intervention site, Family Physicians were trained; individual and group education sessions were conducted for catchment population, while usual care was provided at the control site. Referral system between primary, secondary and tertiary levels of care was …

Drug-Induced Nutrient Depletion, Rodney Richmond

Faculty Research ​and Publications

No abstract provided.