Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Factors Influencing Antiepileptic Drug Non-Compliance In Epileptic Patients Of Pakistan, Safia Bano, Ahsan Numanb

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Failure to comply with drug regimes is prevalent amongst patients with epilepsy and the consequence of this is often an increased risk of further seizures and other associated harms including increased health care costs. Contributing factors leading to non-compliance of anti-epileptic drugs has not been examined in Pakistan. We investigated the factors influencing non-compliance to prescribed antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). A cross-sectional study was employed for a total of 53 epileptic patients with non-compliance of anti-epileptic drugs. The data-collection tools were a questionnaire and structured interview for this study. Results showed that males were more liable to non-compliance of AEDs as …

Socio-Demographic Risk Factors For Hemorrhagic And Ischemic Stroke: A Study In Tertiary Care Hospital Of Hyderabad, Tariq Feroz Memon, Manzoor Ali Lakhair, Muzaffar Shaikh, Abeer Raque, Muhammad Saleem Rind

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Stroke is a common neurological disorder and major cause of death and disability worldwide. Stroke is a second leading cause of death after cancer and ischemic heart disease. Incidence of stroke has not been well studied in Pakistan but it is estimated that 350,000 cases of stroke occur per year. Objective: To determine the frequencies and Socio-demographic features of Hemorrhagic and Ischemic strokes among stroke patients in tertiary care hospital.Material & method:This cross-sectional study was carried out at department of medicine Liaquat university hospital Hyderabad from June to September 2010, Patients were included in study according to inclusion and exclusion …

Neurocutanoussarcoidosis: A Rare Entity, Muslim Ali Lakhiar, Manzoor Lakhiar, Abdul Hafeez Bughio

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Neurosarcoidosis is a granulomatous disorder considered to be a great imitator. We report a case of young lady who presented with gradual onset flexed posturing of fingers of left hand for four years, followed by similar pattern of weakness involving the right hand for three years along with slipping of slippers for one year. Neurologic examination showed distal wasting & weakness in upper limbs with normal jerks and sensory impairment in gloves and stocking distribution. On skin examination there were hypopigmented macules over face, neck and back. Electro diagnostic studies showed sensory motor axonal polyneuropathy, while skin biopsy reported as …

Mental Health Is Not A Luxury In Pakistan, Salma Kerai

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

A day with a fever is taken serious enough to get off from work in contrast to a day with emotional distress. World health organization defines health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. However, mental health is not seen as an integral part of overall well-being in many cultures.

Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension; Three Case Reports With Similar Clinical Manifestations, Treated Successfully Using Different Management Techniques., Ali Ilyas, Wasim Tariq, Anam Abrar, Muhammad Amjad, Muhammad Azhar Saeed, Inayatullah Khan

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Spontaneous Intracranial hypotension (SIH) is a rare neurological disorder, characterized by orthostatic headaches. Due to the complicity of its diagnosis and lack of awareness amongst physicians, SIH remains an under-diagnosed disease and its true prevalence remains unknown. It is a reversible condition, if diagnosed early. Delay in diagnosis can result in life threatening complications.Case Reports:We present a case series of three patients who presented with typical symptoms of SIH. But management course of each patient varied. The first patient responded well to the EBP (epidural blood patch) while the second improved with conventional symptomatic treatment. The third patient needed a …

An Unusual Presentation Of Gbs: Case Report And Literature Review, Sadaf Khattak, Sumaira Nabi, Irfan Khattak, Mazhar Badshah

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), also known as Landry paralysis is an acute idiopathic polyneuritis, believed to be immunologically mediated. It usually presents as a demyelinating neuropathy with ascending weakness, however, many clinical variants have been well documented in the medical literature, and variants involving the cranial nerves or pure motor involvement with axonal injury have also been described. We report a case of a 50 year old patient who initially presented to the ER with hemiparesis and cranial nerve palsies simulating a cerebrovascular event. Based on neurological examination, CSF analysis and needle EMG finding a diagnosis of GBS was made.

From Tip To Tpa, Shaista A Siddiqi, Syed Habibullah Kamran, Abubaker A Almadni

Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences (PJNS)

We present the case of a 50 year old lady who presented with sudden onset altered sensorium, anarthria, right hemianopia, ophthalmoplegia, quadriparesis and abnormal posturing of upper limbs for 4 hours. The NIHSS score was 31. The CT brain showed early ischemic changes in left posterior cerebral artery territory. The CT cerebral angiogram showed occlusion of the tip of basilar artery. Intravenous thrombolysis with rtPA resulted in remarkable recovery and NIHSS improved to 3 within 6 hours. In view of expected severe disability associated with tip of basilar artery syndrome, intravenous thrombolysis can be rewarding even in patients with high …

Fruit And Vegetable Consumption, Body Mass Index, And Dieting Behaviors Among Florida Middle And High School Youth, Corinne A. Labyak, Tammie M. Johnson, Claudia Sealey-Potts, Judy E. Perkin

Florida Public Health Review

The purpose of this study was to examine fruit and vegetable consumption reported by Florida middle school and high school students and to determine if consumption was associated with: (1) demographic characteristics; (2) body mass index (BMI); and/or (3) weight loss behaviors. Data from the 2009 Florida YRBS and the MSHBS were used. Both surveys used a two-stage cluster sample design, producing a representative sample of students. In addition to socio- demographic variables, independent variables included engaging in weight loss behaviors. Dependent variables were adequate fruit and adequate vegetable consumption. Descriptive, chi-square and logistic regression analyses were performed. Results indicated …

Fruit, Vegetable And Beverage Consumption In Duval County Middle School Students: Youth Risk Behavior Survey 2009-2013, Corinne A. Labyak, Alireza Jahan-Mihan, Richard Patterson, Judith Rodriguez, Janice J. Seabrooks-Blackmore, Karen Patterson, Zhiping Yu, Catherine Christie, Claudia Sealey-Potts

Florida Public Health Review

Public health professionals have the opportunity to impact middle school students’ dietary behaviors to combat childhood obesity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary behavior results from the YRBS taken by middle school students in Duval County in 2009, 2011 and 2013. A two-stage cluster design was used and the survey was completed by 6th through 8th grade students following parent notification. Compared to other health zones, Health Zone 1 had the lowest intake of fruits and vegetables in 2009 (2.66 ±1.65) and 2011 (2.77 ± 1.60) and the second lowest intake in 2013 (2.92 ± 1.70). …

Childhood Obesity In Florida: A Narrative Review On Current Trends And Interventions, Corey Parliament, E Mckenzie Driscoll, Kristin Samuels, Laura Ward, Tammy M. Baranowski, Tara Kessinger, Alireza Jahan-Mihan

Florida Public Health Review

We examine current research on childhood obesity (CO) trends and intervention strategies in Florida. The fiscal, emotional, and health-related costs related to general obesity are staggering. Unfortunately, CO-related publicity, research, policy, and interventions have not been entirely successful in addressing the problem. Florida ranks 35thnationally in prevalence of CO. Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2013 report a statistically significant decrease in Florida's rate of CO among 2-4 year-olds participating in Florida’s Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) from 2008-2011. Whereas Florida still has significant room for improvement on the issue of …

Central Neural Mechanisms Of Salt-Sensitive Hypertension, Robert Larson

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Hypertension (HTN) is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease, and it’s estimated that over 80 million adults in the United States have HTN. Essential HTN often demonstrates sensitivity to salt, and reductions in dietary salt attenuate high blood pressure in this population. Evidence indicates that the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus is a key driver of HTN due to excess salt intake. The cellular mechanisms whereby PVN neuronal activity is augmented in response to salt are largely unknown. Previous work from our lab has demonstrated that small conductance calcium activated potassium (SK) channel function is …

Barriers To And Efficacy Of Point-Of-Use Chemical Drinking Water Treatment In Kolda, Senegal, West Africa, Barbara L. Michel

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Hundreds of thousands throughout the Kolda region in southern Senegal rely on potentially contaminated well water as their drinking source. Chemical treatment of the water using a small amount of chlorine bleach has been shown to increase its safety for human consumption; however, the vast majority of people in the region do not disinfect water before they drink it. In this study, 97 individuals (47 water Treaters and 51 Non-Treaters) were surveyed on motivations and barriers towards bleaching or not bleaching their water, and microbiological field testing was undertaken to examine the effectiveness of treatment in the field. The microbial …

Sglt2 Inhibitor Therapy Improves Blood Glucose But Does Not Prevent Diabetic Bone Disease In Diabetic Dba/2j Male Mice, Kathryn M. Thrailkill, R. Clay Bunn, Jeffry S. Nyman, Mallikarjuna R. Rettiganti, Gael E. Cockrell, Elizabeth C. Wahl, Sasidhar Uppuganti, Charles K. Lumpkin, John L. Fowlkes

Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center Faculty Publications

Persons with type 1 and type 2 diabetes have increased fracture risk, attributed to deficits in the microarchitecture and strength of diabetic bone, thought to be mediated, in part, by the consequences of chronic hyperglycemia. Therefore, to examine the effects of a glucose-lowering SGLT2 inhibitor on blood glucose (BG) and bone homeostasis in a model of diabetic bone disease, male DBA/2J mice with or without streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemia were fed chow containing the SGLT2 inhibitor, canagliflozin (CANA), or chow without drug, for 10 weeks of therapy. Thereafter, serum bone biomarkers were measured, fracture resistance of cortical bone was assessed by …

Exploring New Chemical Entities From Traditional Medicine: Docking, Synthesis And Specific Bioactivities, Chinni Yalamanchili

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Traditional medical systems contributed significantly to medicine with a number of their phytochemicals found to possess good biological properties. Recently, Dr. Youyou Tu was awarded the Nobel Prize (2015) for her discovery/isolation of Artemisinin from the TCM plant Artemisia annua. Our first aim is to identify active phytochemicals against botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A), and diabetes from Ayurveda and TCM, respectively, by using in silico, in vitro and in vivo approaches. In our second aim, we wanted to enantioselectively synthesize scalable quantities of phytoestrogenic isoflavans such as equol and sativan. The following three chapters summarize results of the three research goals. …

Physical Activity Initiatives: Implications For Physical Activity Promotion, Allison Lea Nooe

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The Exercise is Medicine (EiM) initiative and the National Physical Activity Plan (NPAP) are structured to promote an increase of physical activity at the population level. The primary vision of the EiM initiative is the assessment and prescription of exercise in a primary care clinical setting. The NPAP is a document presenting evidenced-based strategies and tactics across 8 different societal sectors that create opportunity for increased physical activity. Both initiatives offer valuable strategies in promoting physical activity among American citizens. However, little empirical research on these initiatives has been evaluated. Study I is entitled,Perceptions of the Exercise is Medicine®Initiative in …

Perioperative Outcomes Of Open Radical Cystectomy In Bladder Carcinoma: King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital Experiences, Sillawat Boonnam, Kamol Panumatrassamee, Julin Opanuraks, Apirak Santi-Ngamkun, Kavirach Tantiwongse, Supoj Ratchanon, Chanatee Bunyaratavej, Manint Usawachintachit, Kriangsak Prasopsanti

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background : Radical cystectomy is the treatment of choice for muscle-invasive and refractory superficial bladder carcinoma. Objectives : To report the perioperative outcomes and complications of open radical cystectomy. Materials and Methods : We retrospectively reviewed all medical records of patients who underwent open radical cystectomy for bladder carcinoma at our hospital between January 2003 and June 2013. Patients' demographic data, operative outcomes and pathological study were recorded. Thirty-day postoperative complications were classified by modified Clavien Classification. Results : One hundred and forty-four patients with mean age of 64 years were included. There were 115 males and 29 females in …

Viable Influenza A Virus In Airborne Particles Expelled During Coughs Versus Exhalations, William G. Lindsley, Francoise M. Blachere, Donald H. Beezhold, Robert E. Thewlis, Bahar Noorbakhsh, Sreekumar Othumpangat, William T. Goldsmith, Cynthia M. Mcmillen, Michael E. Andrew, Carmen N. Burrell, John D. Noti

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background To prepare for a possible influenza pandemic, a better understanding of the potential for the airborne transmission of influenza from person to person is needed.

Objectives The objective of this study was to directly compare the generation of aerosol particles containing viable influenza virus during coughs and exhalations.

Methods Sixty-one adult volunteer outpatients with influenza-like symptoms were asked to cough and exhale three times into a spirometer. Aerosol particles produced during coughing and exhalation were collected into liquid media using aerosol samplers.The samples were tested for the presence of viable influenza virus using a viral replication assay (VRA).

Results …

Effects Of Controlled-Whole Body Vibration Training In Improving Disability Status And Functional Mobility Among People With Multiple Sclerosis, Edson F. Estrada

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disease that affects the central nervous system. The most common symptoms of MS are loss of mobility and thus restricted independence. The purpose of this study was to inspect the effects of an 8-week CWBV training course in modifying the disability status and functional mobility among people with MS (PwMS). Twenty-five participants diagnosed with MS (mean ± SD age: 50.3 ± 14.1 years; body height: 165.4 ± 9.2 cm; body mass: 73.9 ± 14.1 kg; disease duration: 15.3 ± 10.5 years; 18 females) participated in this study to experience an 8-week training intervention on …

An Investigation Of Motor Speech And Motor Limb Movements Following A Sport-Related Concussion-An Extension Study, Linda Phan

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Background: Minimal research is available regarding the effects on motor speech and motor limb movements following a sport-related concussion (SRC). A sensitive measure is necessary to detect subtle deficits in motor speech, as it may provide diagnostic insight involving return-to- play decisions.

Purpose: This research aimed at replicating and extending a previous research study, Hewitt (2015), conducted at the University of Texas at El Paso. The Hewitt (2015) study examined motor speech tasks and motor limb tasks which included the following: oral diadochokinetics (DDK): sequential motion rate (SMR)(i.e. /puh-tuh-kuh/) and alternating motion rate (AMR) (i.e. /puhpuhpuh/, /tuhtuhtuh/, /kuhkuhkuh/); speech rate …

Synthesis Of Neoglycoproteins/Neoglycopeptides And Their Immunological Evaluation In The Context Of Chagas Disease, Nathaniel Scott Schocker

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The protozoan parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease (ChD), has a cell surface covered by immunogenic glycoconjugates. A synthetic glycoarray containing non-reducing α-galactopyranosyl moieties related to mucin O-glycans of the parasite T. cruzi was evaluated by a chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CL-ELISA) with sera from patients with chronic ChD, revealing the disaccharide Galα(1,3)Galβ as the immunodominant glycotope (Chapter 2). This disaccharide comprises the two terminal sugars of the known immunodominant glycotope Galα(1,3)Galβ(1,4)GlcNAcα, which is expressed on glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored mucins of the infective trypomastigote stage of T. cruzi and triggers high levels of protective anti-α-Gal antibodies (Abs) in infected …

What Are The Top 10 Physical Activity Research Questions In Schizophrenia?, Davy Vancampfort, Simon Rosenbaum, Michel Probst, Joanne Connaughton, Christy Du Plessis, Taisei Yamamoto, Brendon Stubbs

Physiotherapy Papers and Journal Articles

Purpose: Research has only recently started to consider the applicability of physical activity (PA) for people with schizophrenia. Although there is increasing evidence for the benefits of physical activity, this population remains generally physically inactive and sedentary. The aim of the current study is to highlight 10 pertinent physical activity research questions in people with schizophrenia.

Method: The International Organisation of Physical Therapy in Mental Health (IOPTMH) executed a consultation of its National Organisations (n=13) to identify the most salient questions relevant to guide clinical practice on physical activity in people with schizophrenia.

Results: We identified the following …

Disrupted Self-Perception In People With Chronic Low Back Pain. Further Evaluation Of The Fremantle Back Awareness Questionnaire, B Wand, M Catley, M Rabey, P O'Sullivan, E O'Connell, A Smith

Physiotherapy Papers and Journal Articles

Several lines of evidence suggest that body-perception is altered in people with chronic back pain. Maladaptive perceptual awareness of the back might contribute to the pain experience as well as serve as a target for treatment. The Fremantle Back Awareness Questionnaire (FreBAQ) is a simple questionnaire recently developed to assess back-specific altered self-perception. The aims of this study were to present the outcomes of a comprehensive evaluation of the questionnaire’s psychometric properties and explore the potential relationships between body-perception, nociceptive sensitivity, distress and beliefs about back pain and the contribution these factors might play in explaining pain and disability. Two-hundred …

Incidence, Risk Factors And The Healthcare Cost Of Falls Postdischarge After Elective Total Hip And Total Knee Replacement Surgery: Protocol For A Prospective Observational Cohort Study, Anne-Marie Hill, Gail Ross-Adjie, Leanne Monterosso, Max Bulsara, Steven Mcphail, Christopher Etherton-Beer, Sarah-Jayne Powell, Gerard Hardisty

Physiotherapy Papers and Journal Articles

Abstract:

Introduction:

The number of major joint replacement procedures continues to increase in Australia. The primary aim of this study is to determine the incidence of falls in the first 12 months after discharge from hospital in a cohort of older patients who undergo elective total hip or total knee replacement.

Methods and analyses:

A prospective longitudinal observational cohort study starting in July 2015, enrolling patients aged ≥60 years who are admitted for elective major joint replacement (n=267 total hip replacement, n=267 total knee replacement) and are to be discharged to the community. Participants are followed up for 12 months …

Preferred Practice Location At Medical School Commencement Strongly Determines Graduates’ Rural Preferences And Work Locations, Marie S. Herd, Max Bulsara, Michael P. Jones, Donna Mak

Physiotherapy Papers and Journal Articles

Abstract:

Objective: To identify factors influencing whether Australian medical graduates prefer to, or actually, work rurally

Design: Secondary analysis of longitudinal data from the Medical Schools Outcomes Database (MSOD) using univariate and multivariate logistic regression.

Setting: Twenty Australian medical schools.

Participants: Australian or New Zealand citizens and Australian permanent residents who completed MSOD questionnaires between 2006 and 2013.

Main outcome measures: Preferred and actual work locations one (PGY1) and three (PGY3) years post-graduation.

Results: Of 20,784 participants, 4028 completed a PGY1 and/or PGY3 questionnaire. Self-reported preference for rural practice location at medical school commencement was the most consistent independent predictor …

A Fine Balance And A Shared Learning Journey: Exploring Healthcare Engagement Through The Experiences Of Youth With Neuromuscular Disorders, V Travlos, C Bulsara, S Patman, J Downs

Physiotherapy Papers and Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: Youth with Neuromuscular Disorders (NMD) who are wheelchair users can now survive well into adulthood if their multisystem comorbidities are prudently managed. Uptake of health behaviors may optimize their health outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: To explore youths’ perceptions of health, health behaviors and healthcare engagement.

METHODS: This qualitative study purposefully recruited 11 youth with NMD from a concurrent, population-based study for variability of age, gender, type of NMD and their ratings of motivation and engagement. Interview data were analyzed and synthesized by thematic content.

RESULTS: Participants perceived healthcare engagement as being given tools (knowledge and responsibility) and using them to maintain …

Minimum Standards Of Clinical Practice For Physiotherapists Working In Critical Care Settings In Australia And New Zealand: A Modified Delphi Technique, Elizabeth Skinner, Peter Thomas, Julia C. Reeve, Shane Patman

Physiotherapy Papers and Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

A Binational Multicenter Pilot Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial Of Early Goal-Directed Mobilization In The Icu, C Hodgson, M Bailey, R Bellomo, S Berney, H Buhr, L Denehy, B Gabbe, M Harrold, A Higgins, T Iwashyna, R Papworth, R Parke, S Patman, J Presneill, M Saxena, E Skinner, C Tipping, P Young, S Webb

Physiotherapy Papers and Journal Articles

Objectives: The primary objective was to determine if the early goal-directed mobilization (EGDM) intervention could be delivered to patients receiving mechanical ventilation with increased maximal levels of activity compared to standard care.

Design: A pilot, randomized controlled trial

Setting: Five intensive care units (ICUs) in Australia and New Zealand

Participants: Fifty critically ill adults, mechanically ventilated for greater than 24 hours.

Intervention: Patients were randomly assigned to either EGDM (intervention) or to standard care (control). EGDM comprised functional rehabilitation treatment conducted at the highest level of activity possible for that patient assessed by the ICU mobility scale …

Disturbed Body Perception, Reduced Sleep, And Kinesiophobia In Subjects With Pregnancy-Related Persistent Lumbopelvic Pain And Moderate Levels Of Disability: An Exploratory Study, Darren Beales, Alison Lutz, Judith Thompson, Benedict M. Wand, Peter O'Sullivan

Physiotherapy Papers and Journal Articles

Background: For a small but significant group, pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain may become persistent. While multiple factors may contribute to disability in this group, previous studies have not investigated sleep impairments, body perception or mindfulness as potential factors associated with disability post-partum.

Objectives: To compare women experiencing no pain post-pregnancy with those experiencing pregnancy-related persistent lumbopelvic pain (either low- or high-level disability) across multiple biopsychosocial domains.

Design: Cross-sectional

Methods: Participants completed questionnaires for thorough profiling of factors thought to be important in pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain. Specific measures were the Urinary Distress Inventory, Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale, Back Beliefs Questionnaire, Tampa …

บทบาทพยาบาลในการดูแลหญิงตั้งครรภ์ที่ประสบอุบัติเหตุฉุกเฉิน, ชัชวาล วงค์สารี, ธนันต์นิภา ภัคศุขนิธิวัฒน์

Journal of Nursing Research, Innovation, and Health

อุบัติเหตุในระหว่างการตั้งครรภ์ เป็นสาเหตุอันดับแรกของสาเหตุที่ไม่เกี่ยวข้องกับสูติกรรมที่ทำให้หญิงตั้งครรภ์เสียชีวิต หญิงตั้งครรภ์จะมีการเปลี่ยนแปลงทางร่างกายหลายอย่าง ความเข้าใจอย่างลึกซึ้งต่อการเปลี่ยนแปลงดังกล่าวนี้จะส่งเสริมการช่วยเหลือให้มีประสิทธิภาพดีที่สุดต่อมารดาและทารกในครรภ์ การช่วยเหลือหญิงตั้งครรภ์ที่ประสบอุบัติเหตุฉุกเฉินต้องทำงานร่วมกันเป็นทีม โดยพยาบาลต้องรู้จักบทบาทที่ตนเองสามารถปฏิบัติได้ทั้งในบทบาทอิสระและกึ่งอิสระภายใต้ขอบเขตกฎหมายและจรรยาบรรณวิชาชีพกำหนด บทความนี้จึงมุ่งเสนอบทบาทของพยาบาลในการจัดการดูแลหญิงตั้งครรภ์ที่ประสบอุบัติเหตุฉุกเฉินโดยรวม 4 บทบาทหลัก ดังนี้ 1) บทบาทการประเมินสภาพของหญิงตั้งครรภ์และทารกในที่ประสบอุบัติเหตุฉุกเฉิน 2) บทบาทการช่วยเหลือเบื้องต้นในหญิงตั้งครรภ์ที่ประสบอุบัติเหตุฉุกเฉิน 3) บทบาทการช่วยกู้ชีพในหญิงตั้งครรภ์ที่หัวใจหยุดเต้นในที่ประสบอุบัติเหตุฉุกเฉิน และ 4) บทบาทการป้องกันการเกิดอุบัติเหตุในหญิงตั้งครรภ์

การวิเคราะห์ปัจจัยจำแนกการตั้งครรภ์ในวัยรุ่นที่ตั้งครรภ์และวัยรุ่นที่ไม่ตั้งครรภ์, นุชรีย์ แสงสว่าง, ณัฐธยาน์ วิสารพันธ์

Journal of Nursing Research, Innovation, and Health

วัตถุประสงค์: 1) เพื่อศึกษาลักษณะครอบครัวของวัยรุ่นที่ตั้งครรภ์และวัยรุ่นที่ไม่ตั้งครรภ์ 2) เพื่อวิเคราะห์ปัจจัยจำแนกกลุ่มและอำนาจพยากรณ์การเป็นสมาชิกกลุ่มที่จำแนกกลุ่มวัยรุ่นที่มีการตั้งครรภ์ในวัยรุ่นและไม่ตั้งครรภ์ในวัยรุ่น\n\nรูปแบบการวิจัย: กลุ่มเปรียบเทียบ (Case control study)\n \nวิธีดำเนินการวิจัย: กลุ่มตัวอย่างเป็นหญิงวัยรุ่นอายุ 13-19 ปี โดยแบ่งเป็นกลุ่มศึกษา คือ หญิงวัยรุ่นตั้งครรภ์ที่มาฝากครรภ์ในโรงพยาบาลตติยภูมิ และกลุ่มควบคุม คือ วัยรุ่นหญิงที่ไม่ตั้งครรภ์ที่ศึกษาในโรงเรียนมัธยมศึกษา จำนวนกลุ่มละ 85 คน เก็บรวบรวมข้อมูลด้วยแบบสอบถามข้อมูลส่วนบุคคล แบบสอบถามการสื่อสารเรื่องเพศกับผู้ปกครอง และแบบสอบถามการรับรู้ผลกระทบของการตั้งครรภ์ในวัยรุ่น มีค่าสัมประสิทธิ์อัลฟ่าของครอนบาคเท่ากับ .87 และ .66 วิเคราะห็ข้อมูลด้วยสถิติการวิเคราะห์จำแนกประเภท (Discriminant analysis)\n\nผลการวิจัย: 1) วัยรุ่นที่ตั้งครรภ์มีอายุเฉลี่ยของมารดาที่มีบุตรคนแรก และคะแนนเฉลี่ยการรับรู้ผลกระทบของการตั้งครรภ์น้อยกว่าวัยรุ่นหญิงที่ไม่ตั้งครรภ์ (21.84 vs. 26.08; 45.12 vs. 51.68, p = .000 ตามลำดับ) 2) ปัจจัยที่สามารถจำแนกกลุ่มวัยรุ่นที่มีการตั้งครรภ์ในวัยรุ่นและไม่ตั้งครรภ์ในวัยรุ่นได้มี 4 ปัจจัยคือ อายุของกลุ่มตัวอย่างการรับรู้ผลกระทบของการตั้งครรภ์ในวัยรุ่นอายุที่มารดามีบุตรคนแรก และการสื่อสารเรื่องเพศกับผู้ปกครอง (.712,-.496, -.475 และ .241 ตามลำดับ) 3) สมการจำแนกกลุ่ม พยากรณ์การเป็นสมาชิกของกลุ่มวัยรุ่นที่มีการตั้งครรภ์ในวัยรุ่น ได้ร้อยละ 76.5 และกลุ่มที่ไม่ตั้งครรภ์ในวัยรุ่น ได้ร้อยละ 89.4 และพยากรณ์การเป็นสมาชิกของกลุ่มโดยเฉลี่ยได้ร้อยละ 82.9\n\nสรุป: ปัจจัยด้านอายุของกลุ่มตัวอย่าง การรับรู้ผลกระทบของการตั้งครรภ์ในวัยรุ่น อายุที่มารดามีบุตรคนแรก และการสื่อสารเรื่องเพศกับผู้ปกครอง เป็นปัจจัยที่สามารถจำแนกกลุ่มวัยรุ่นที่ตั้งครรภ์และไม่ตั้งครรภ์ได้ จึงควรนำปัจจัยดังกล่าวมาวางแผนเพื่อลดปัญหาการตั้งครรภ์ในวัยรุ่นต่อไป\n