Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Within-Person Associations Between Daily Motivation And Self-Efficacy And Drinking Among Problem Drinkers In Treatment, Jon Morgenstern, Alexis Kuerbis, Jessica Houser, Frederick Muench, Sijing Shao, Hayley Treloar Padovano

Publications and Research

Gaining a better understanding of the change process holds promise to improve alcohol treatment. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) coupled with intensive longitudinal data (ILD) approaches have been proposed as promising methods that can advance change process research but have been used infrequently in AUD treatment research. The current study used these approaches to examine the within-person associations of motivation and self-efficacy and drinking among treatment seeking problem drinkers. Participants (N=96) received daily EMA surveys before, during, and after treatment for seven weeks spread over a nine month period. Multi-level modeling was used to test the within-person relationships between the change …

The Role Of Notch Signaling On Heart Rate And Atrial Conduction, Somya Bhatnagar

Undergraduate Research Symposium Posters

Heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide and can result in arrhythmias, or dysregulation in the electrical activation of the heart. Sick Sinus Syndrome (SSS) is characterized by sinus bradycardia (slowed heart rate, HR), slowed conduction through atrial myocardium, and can predispose to the development of atrial fibrillation. A developmental signaling pathway, Notch, regulates cellular identity through differentiation of cardiomyocytes (CMs) into cardiac conduction system-like cells. Previous data show that Notch electrically remodels the right atrium, causing slowed conduction velocity (CV) and hallmarks of SSS including sinus pauses, sinus bradycardia and a predisposition to atrial fibrillation. However, the …

Mu Opioid Receptor Desensitization In Inflammatory Pain, Matthew Bredder

Undergraduate Research Symposium Posters

Due to the epidemic level of opioid overdose deaths in the United States, improving the treatment of chronic pain has become a pressing concern. Opioid treatments such as fentanyl and morphine activate mu opioid receptors (MORs), causing an increase in dopamine release. Long term use of opioids, even as prescribed by a physician, can desensitize the MORs and lead to the appearance of withdrawal symptoms when the receptors are no longer stimulated. Since pain increases endogenous opioid release, we hypothesized that this increase may cause MOR desensitization and the appearance of withdrawal syndrome upon blockade of MORs, as seen in …

Digest Of The Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine (Winter 2015-2016), Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine

Digest

The Winter 2015/2016 issue of the Digest of the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine includes the following articles:

• Message from the President
• PCOM Updates
• Inauguration of the eighth President, Jay S. Feldstein, DO '81
• Trained for Trauma Care: PCOM Alumni Were Well Prepared to Treat the Mass Casualties of May's Amtrak Derailment
• Remembering Camille DiLullo, PhD, Professor of Anatomy
• Class Notes
• My Turn

Information Governance: An Investigation Of Interface Errors Between Source And Receiving Systems, Michelle R. Mitcheff

Applied Research Projects

The monitoring of interoperability of information in healthcare organizations is of increasing interest due to patient safety, operational and financial considerations. This monitoring is referred to as information governance (IG) and is a complex topic based on several underlying concepts. Interfacing information at the foundational, structural and semantic level is necessary for meaningful use of health information. Issues that arise range from incongruent transfer of information from source systems to receiving systems, discrepancies in the source system and receiving system and failures in interfacing information. This research project examines information governance from the perspective of failures in interfacing information from …

Will Meaningful Use (Mu) Improve Cancer Data Reporting?, Curtisha Manire

Applied Research Projects

The American Recover and Reinvestment Act directives supply the healthcare community with the improvement of technology across the nation through the Health Information Technology Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act passed in 2009 by promoting healthcare technology. In order to reach the goal of an interoperability that supports reliable communication systems, certain individual technological objectives need to be addressed in particular, Meaningful Use (MU). Meaningful Use objectives contribute to interoperability, with potential outcomes that may increase accuracy and reduce time for reporting. This study will describe how cancer data reporting methods impacts data accuracy and turnaround time evolving around transitions …

The Disease Burden And The Extent Of Drug Therapy Problems In An Underserved Minority Population Receiving Medication Therapy Management At An Ambulatory Care Free Clinic, D. N. Ombengi, F. A. Ndemo, Ayman M. Noreddin, W. T. Harris

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Objective: To determine the common medical conditions, medications, and associated drug therapy problems in an underserved minority population receiving medication therapy management services at a large Community Free Clinic compared to the findings of the Minnesota Pharmaceutical Care Project.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of a random sample of 60 minority patients referred for medication therapy management service at a Community Free Clinic from January 2012 to January 2014. Patient data including demographics, medication experience, past medical and medication history, medical conditions, active medications, allergies, immunization history and drug therapy was systematically evaluated to determine the most common conditions, …

Multiple Sirna Delivery Against Cell Cycle And Anti-Apoptosis Proteins Using Lipid-Substituted Polyethylenimine In Triplenegative Breast Cancer And Non-Malignant Cells, Manoj B. Parmar, Bárbara E. Arteaga Ballesteros, Timothy Fu, Remant Bahadur Kc, Hamidreza Montazeri Aliabadi, Judith C. Hugh, Raimar Löbenberg, Hasan Uludag

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Conventional breast cancer therapies have significant limitations that warrant a search for alternative therapies. Short-interfering RNA (siRNA), delivered by polymeric biomaterials and capable of silencing specific genes critical for growth of cancer cells, holds great promise as an effective and more specific therapy. Here, we employed amphiphilic polymers and silenced the expression of two cell cycle proteins, TTK and CDC20, and the anti-apoptosis protein survivin to determine the efficacy of polymer-mediated siRNA treatment in breast cancer cells as well as side effects in non-malignant cells in vitro. We first identified effective siRNA carriers by screening a library of lipid-substituted polyethylenimines …

Development Of The Adherence Predictive Index (Api) For Medication Taking, Jon C. Schommer, Paul D. Tieger, Anthony W. Olson, Lawrence M. Brown, Daniel M. Tomaszewski

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

The objective for this study was to explore if characteristics of personality type using the Preferred Communication Style Questionnaire, in concert with the demographic characteristics of age, education, and race/ethnicity, are associated with, and help predict, individuals’ medication adherence behavior.

Data were collected via an on-line survey, sent to a sample of adults residing in the United States, between April 28 and June 22, 2015. Out of 26,173 responses to the survey, 16,736 reported taking one or more medications and were eligible for inclusion in this study.

The development of the Adherence Predictive Index (API) used mean Morisky Medication Adherence …

Graduate Bulletin, 2016-2017 (2016), Minnesota State University Moorhead

Graduate Bulletins (Catalogs)

No abstract provided.

Epigenetics And Shared Molecular Processes In The Regeneration Of Complex Structures, Labib Rouhana, Junichi Tasaki

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The ability to regenerate complex structures is broadly represented in both plant and animal kingdoms. Although regenerative abilities vary significantly amongst metazoans, cumulative studies have identified cellular events that are broadly observed during regenerative events. For example, structural damage is recognized and wound healing initiated upon injury, which is followed by programmed cell death in the vicinity of damaged tissue and a burst in proliferation of progenitor cells. Sustained proliferation and localization of progenitor cells to site of injury give rise to an assembly of differentiating cells known as the regeneration blastema, which fosters the development of new tissue. Finally, …

The Evolution Of The Intersection Of Hiv And Breastfeeding In Global Policy, Kristin M. Sinning

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Increasing breastfeeding rates and reducing HIV/AIDS are two important global health priorities, and their intersection has led to policies that meet mutual goals of supporting, protecting and promoting breastfeeding and reducing the risk of HIV/AIDS. The World Health Organization has developed and released recommendations, policies, and guidance on infant feeding and the risk of transmission through breastfeeding. This analysis provides a historical, chronological perspective on the global policies for infant feeding in the case of an HIV-positive mother, an analysis of changes, and recommendations for the future. The policies evaluated demonstrate the evolution in knowledge and recommendations for infant feeding …

Sustainable Improvement In Immunization Rates For Seniors: A Local And Community-Wide Effort, Linda C. Lopez

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Objective: Overall: To improve influenza and pneumococcal immunization rates in patients age ≥65 years by developing relationships with community organizations that would provide opportunities for community member education about adult vaccines. Pre/post Surveys: To assess potential changes in influenza and pneumococcal immunization knowledge and opinions in community members exposed to an educational presentation.

Methods: Using personal and university resources, contact was made with several organizations serving the senior, underserved population in West Dayton, Ohio. An educational presentation about adult immunizations was developed and used at ten community events. The presentation included oral and written communication, and was based on the …

Strengths And Challenges Of A Rural Ohio Public Health Department: Considerations For Effective Service Delivery And Emergency Preparedness, Cindy L. Harris Graessle

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

The local public health department is the main entity in cities and counties established to ensure the safety, health, and well-being of its community members. In many cases, particularly in rural areas, the health department may be the community’s closest access to health care, providing not only clinical care, but preventive services as well. These rural health departments have additional challenges that may not be experienced in the larger, more populated metropolitan areas. These challenges include lack of resources and funding that impact daily operations, expanded registered sanitarian responsibilities, and emergency preparedness difficulties with resource allocation and communication. Despite these …

Is The Breeze Making You Wheeze? Air Quality And Asthma In The Us, Gaurav A. Nagar

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Objective: A secular trend towards increased current and lifetime asthma prevalence has been observed in the US. The current study compared ambient Air Quality Index (AQI) data and asthma prevalence data from all fifty US states.

Methods: Air pollution is measured as AQI by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). County level AQI data are available at the EPA website. Asthma prevalence data for each state are available on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website. Data from 50 US states (2011-2013) were analyzed for AQI and asthma prevalence. The average of proportions for all counties in each …

Association Of Secondhand Tobacco Smoke And Abdominal Adiposity In The United States Population, Omar T. Tahtamooni

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Background: Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure occurs when people inhale smoke from tobacco products or inhale smoke that has been expelled by other smokers. Exposure to SHS increases the risk of many metabolic and chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease.

Purpose: To evaluate the association between SHS and abdominal adiposity in US adults. Methods: Data from 2011-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was used to examine the relationship between SHS exposure and abdominal adiposity, Sagittal Abdominal Diameter [SAD]), after adjusting for covariates (age, gender, ethnicity, and income) (n=4,012). Univariate linear regression analyses were used to predict association of smoking …

Descriptive Epidemiology Of Air Transportation Fatalities From The United States Air Force Mortality Registry, Richard O. Speakman

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Background: United States Air Force (USAF) personnel and retirees participate in aviation both on and off duty. Because aviation mortality is investigated by aircraft ownership, the combined mortality rate for on and off duty flying is unknown, as is aircraft-associated mortality among USAF retirees.

Methods: Mortality data were obtained from the Air Force Mortality Registry (AFMR) and publically available datasets. Air Transport deaths were defined following the Tenth International Classification of Diseases. USAF Active Duty (AD), Guard (ANG), Reserve (ARC) components, aggregate, and retiree rates (1988-2008) were calculated. Sex, age and rank-adjusted AD and retiree rates were compared with US …

Barriers And Values Of Moral Distress Among Critical Care Nurses, Melissa A. Wilson

Nursing Faculty Publications

This dissertation explores the presence of moral distress and effective interventions to lessen its impact on critical care nurses. Manuscript one was completed prior to entering the doctor of philosophy in nursing program but was instrumental in building the foundation for successive work within this dissertation. An exploratory, descriptive designed study was used to examine moral distress and identify situations in which nurse's experienced high levels of moral distress. Nurses completed a 38-item moral distress scale, a coping questionnaire, and indicated their preferred methods for institutional support in managing distressing situations. Manuscript two includes a formal analysis of the Moral …

Infant Loss & Bereavement: A Journey For Families And Health Care Professionals, Kelly A. Rabah

Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Publications

Loss…

• Perinatal loss includes infertility during the preconception period, fetal death during pregnancy and infant death in the first year of life.

• Losing a wished-for child is startling and unexpected.

• Responses to this loss range from disappointment to life-changing anguish.

The Changing Tides In Gynecologic Surgery Minimally Invasive Options: What We Know And How Do We Improve Use, Training, Michael L. Galloway

Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Publications

Over the past twenty years gynecologic surgery has evolved from primarily abdominal approach to the current focus on minimally invasive surgical techniques. Minimally invasive techniques include vaginal and laparoscopic techniques. Evolution in laparoscopic technology and equipment has exploded to include multiple vessel sealing instruments of varying modalities, instruments with “wristed” capabilities and robotic assisted technology. Single port laparoscopy and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery are other variations of laparoscopic technology.

Vaginal surgery is still touted as the “ultimate” minimally invasive surgery by ACOG; however, its use has not grown over this time. Many surgeons have had limited training in vaginal …

Risk Factors Associated With Severe Injuries In Inland Aquaculture Farms, Amah Martin

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Objective: The main objective of this study was to analyze risk factors associated with severe occupational injuries among inland aquaculture farms.

Methods: Survey results were compiled in a data set that consisted of qualitative data from 51 farmers who were interviewed between 2008 and 2011 in 10 states and the Canadian province of British Columbia. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test were used to assess the differences in the dichotomous level of severity among several farm and injury variables. Logistic regression was used to predict the outcome of a severe injury event.

Results: Injury observations that indicated the use of raceway …

Local Health Department Choice In The Provision Of Cancer And Cardiovascular Disease Screening, Georgianne Tiu

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Clinical preventive services, such as cancer and cardiovascular (CVD) disease screenings are critical components essential for reaching optimal population health outcomes. Although clinical preventive services are recognized to save lives, roughly three-fourths of adults between the ages of 50 and 64 and over 50% of adults aged 65 years and older forego clinical preventive services. Private medical practitioners can provide such services. However, public sector entities, such as local health departments (LHDs), can also deliver them in addition to population based activities. Because of a possible substitution effect among health systems, we hypothesized that a LHD’s choice to be involved …

Hiv Testing Health Care Related Discrimination Among Black And White Men From The 2006-2008 Sexual Acquisition And Transmission Of Hiv Cooperative Agreement Program (Sathcap), Kenisha Cantrell

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Background: The study investigated whether experiencing difficulty obtaining heath care due to different forms of discrimination impacts Black and White men being tested for HIV. It is important to discover if discrimination as a structural factor inhibits progression through the HIV Care Continuum among Black men. Structural factors may better explain the origin of HIV prevalence disparities and how the social factors affect Black men being tested for HIV.

Methods: Data utilized was collected through the 2006-2008 Sexual Acquisition and Transmission of HIV Cooperative Agreement Program implemented in 6 U.S. cities and one Russian city: Los Angeles, CA; Chicago, IL; …

Injuries Among Security And Law Enforcement Personnel In The Private Versus Public Sectors, William S. Witt

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Background and Objectives: Data collected through workers’ compensation may be useful for occupational injury surveillance. This study examined whether differences existed between the public and private sectors of the security and law enforcement industry in Kentucky.

Methods: Using a cross-­‐sectional design, workers’ compensation data from the Kentucky Department of Workers’ Claims was analyzed to evaluate differences in demographic and injury characteristics, as well as award outcomes, stratified by industry sector. The dataset included all workers’ compensation first reports of injury and claims filed by security and law enforcement personnel in Kentucky from 2005 to 2015. Statistical analyzes included chi-­‐square and …

Comparison Of The Difference In Nephrotoxicity Between Nafcillin And Piperacillin-Tazobactam, Sonali Kishor Patel

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Objective

To evaluate whether nephrotoxicity differs between nafcillin and piperacillin-tazobactam in adult hospitalized patients.

Introduction

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the inpatient setting, with antibiotics being a significant contributor. There is evidence of an increased risk of nephrotoxicity with the combination of vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam compared to vancomycin and cefepime or vancomycin alone. It is unknown whether this effect is exclusive for piperacillin-tazobactam. Therefore, in order to promote optimal medication therapy for inpatient bacterial infections, there is a need to assess the persistence of this difference in other beta-lactam antibiotics.

Methods

A …

Comparing The Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis Patients With Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria (Ntm) And Non-Ntm Infections, Maninder Bir Singh

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Objective

The objective of the study is to compare the Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis patients with Non Tubercular Mycobacteria (NTM) and Non-NTM infection and determine if the NTM and Non-NTM groups are different.

Methods

Data from the COPD Foundation’s Bronchiectasis Research Registry (BRR) was used in the study (n=1660).Logistic regression, Cox proportional hazards regression, and Kaplan Meier survival analysis were used to analyze the data.

Results

The study found odds ratio for having NTM infection for age to be 1.02 and for gender to be 2.34, after adjusting for all other variables in the multivariate logistic regression, with the p-value of …

Eat Well, Keep Moving: Decreasing Childhood Obesity In Fulton County, Kentucky, Sandra Onekhena

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

With the high rates of childhood obesity in Fulton County, the Purchase District Health Department proposes the implementation of the Eat Well and Keep Moving Program in all the county’s elementary schools among fourth and fifth graders. It is an interdisciplinary, evidence-based program that will be aimed at our short-term goal of increasing knowledge about nutrition and physical activity and inspiring positive behavioral change. It works by integrating lessons and activities about proper nutrition and activity into various aspects of the children’s lives — in the classroom, cafeteria, at home and in the community. We hope to see children move …

Neurotoxic Effects Of Occupational Exposures In Agricultural Workers, Miriam Siegel

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Background: Pesticides and organic solvents are two classes of neurotoxic substances regularly used in agriculture. Pesticides have been studied in relation to a range of nervous system effects, and have been repeatedly shown to relate to depression in agricultural workers. Likewise, occupational solvent exposure is recognized as a risk factor for central nervous system effects, including mood disturbances and cognitive impairment, across various industries. Many gaps in knowledge regarding the effects of chronic exposure to these substances on mental/neurological health in agricultural workers still exist. The specific aims of the current analysis were to 1.) Estimate associations between metrics of …

Examining Associations Between Prevalence Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease And Self-Perceived Health-Related Quality Of Life Among Adults In Kentucky, Seth Siameh

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

Introduction

The objective of this study is to examine associations between Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) prevalence in Kentucky and measures of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) using a large population-based sample.

Methods

Data from the 2013 Kentucky Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) was used to calculate age-adjusted prevalence of COPD among various population subgroups (N=10,958). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios for COPD and HRQOL measures.

Results

In 2013, the age-adjusted prevalence of self-reported COPD among Kentucky adults aged ≥18 years was 10.3% (standard error [SE], ±0.4; 95% CI, 9.5 – 11.2). Kentucky …

Challenging Psychology: Reflecting On Riley's 'Manifesto For Change', D Darlaston-Jones

Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

This paper reflects on the personal and professional implications for the colonization project of psychology critiqued by Rob Riley’s seminal address at the 1995 Australian Psychological Society conference.