Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Primary Stroke Prevention: 3-Hydroxy-3-Methyl-Glutaryl-Coenzyme A (Hmg-Coa) Reductase Inhibitor (Statin) Use In The Diabetic Patient, Amy L. Hatcher

DNP Projects

Purpose: The primary objective for this retrospective chart review was to evaluate provider adherence to the 2011 AHA/ASA Primary Stroke Prevention guideline of prescribing a statin to all diabetic patients for primary prevention of stroke, regardless of dyslipidemia. A second aim of this study is to identify provider facilitators and barriers to prescribing a statin therapy for primary prevention.

Methods: Using a retrospective study design, a random sample of 100 medical records of diabetic patients presenting to a university women’s health clinic within the previous year were reviewed for statin use and rationale.

Results: Of the 100 diabetic patients sampled, …

Community-Based Settings And Sampling Strategies: Implications For Reducing Racial Health Disparities Among Black Men, New York City, 2010–2013, Helen Cole, Antoinette Schoenthaler, Scott Braithwaite, Joseph Ladapo, Sherry Mentor, Jennifer Uyei, Chau Trinh-Shevrin

Publications and Research

Introduction Rates of screening colonoscopies, an effective method of preventing colorectal cancer, have increased in New York City over the past decade, and racial disparities in screening have declined. However, vulnerable subsets of the population may not be reached by traditional surveillance and intervention efforts to improve colorectal cancer screening rates.

Methods We compared rates of screening colonoscopies among black men aged 50 or older from a citywide random-digit–dial sample and a location-based sample focused on hard-to-reach populations to evaluate the representativeness of the random-digit–dial sample. The location-based sample (N = 5,568) was recruited from 2010 through 2013 from community-based …

Perception Of Childhood Obesity And Support For Prevention Policies Among Latinos And Whites, Douglas M. Puricelli Purin, Leah Frerichs, Sergio Costa, Amelie G. Ramirez, Terry T.-K. Huang

Publications and Research

A cross-sectional survey was administered to Latino and White residents of Omaha, NE, to assess perception of the childhood obesity problem, attribution of responsibility, and support for obesity-related policies. The sample included 40.8% () Latinos and 59.2% () Whites. Among Latinos, 25% did not see childhood obesity as a problem, compared to 6% of Whites (). This difference persisted after adjusting for age, gender, and education level (odds ratio (OR) 2.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07–4.14). Latinos were more likely to agree that government was responsible for addressing childhood obesity compared to Whites (OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.82–4.35). Higher support …

A Developmental Disabilities Program: A Proposed Education Program For Direct Support Professionals, Yurlene Sales Dela Cruz

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Nurses can play integral role in collaborating with community leaders and identifying health promotion strategies, such as physical activity and nutrition classes, for people with developmental disabilities (DD). This study identified a role that nurses can establish among Direct Support Professionals (DSPs) who serve important functions in the daily supervision and care of clients with DD. The data reviews from the archival results from Association of Individual Development Health Matters Assessment Reports in August 2012 and September 2013 indicated DSPs' need for further training in their roles as health instructors. The Health Matters Assessment Report in 2012 indicated low scores …

Safety Of Improved Milbond-Tx Mycotoxin Binder When Fed To Broiler Breeders Above Recommended Levels, Michael Schlumbohm, Judy England, Rueben Kriseldi, C. Coon

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

An increasing concern in poultry nutrition is the effects of mycotoxins in contaminated grain. Several new products have come onto the market that chemically bind these toxins preventing mycotoxicosis. However, many of these products have not been tested for safety if accidently overfed to broiler breeders. In order to simulate a feed mixing error at a feed mill, Improved Milbond-TX® was overfed to broiler breeders to see if this would cause any negative effects on bird performance. A typical corn-soybean based diet supplemented with Milbond-TX mycotoxin binder at three different levels of inclusion (0%, 0.5%, and 1%) was fed to …

Promoting Respectful Maternity Care (Rmc) At Birth: Orientation For Facility-Based Workshops, Population Council

Reproductive Health

The goal of “Promoting Respectful Maternity Care (RMC) at Birth: Orientation for Facility-Based Workshops” is to orient service providers on the RMC concept along with a set of evidence-based interventions to promote RMC. Objectives of the workshop as indicated in this slide deck are: Outline the current status of maternal and neonatal health in relation to respectful care. Discuss key RMC concepts, terminology, legal and rights-based approaches related to RMC and the RMC Resource Package. Demonstrate knowledge and use of Values Clarification and Attitude Transformation (VCAT) theory and practice. Discuss selected evidence-based strategies that reduce disrespect and abuse. Discuss participants’ …

Impact Of Afo (Ankle Foot Orthosis) Design On Calf Circumference, Robert H. Meier, David C. Ruthsatz, Daniel Cipriani

Physical Therapy Faculty Articles and Research

Preliminary research suggests the use of a kinetic return ankle foot orthosis is associated with small but significant shortterm increases in calf circumference, which in turn suggests this type of device might reduce or protect against the risk of disuse muscle atrophy.

Clinical Reasoning In First- And Third-Year Physical Therapist Students, Sarah Gilliland

Physical Therapy Faculty Articles and Research

Background and Purpose. The development of clinical reasoning skills is a crucial component of professional physical therapist education. Prior research has described reasoning patterns in novice and expert practitioners, yet little is known about how professional physical therapist (PT) students develop clinical reasoning skills. The purpose of this study was to explore how first-year PT students perform clinical reasoning in comparison to third year PT students in their final semester.

Subjects. A simple random sample of 6 first-year (mean age 23.1 years) and 6 third-year (mean age 27 years) Doctor of Physical Therapy students were recruited.

Methods. …

Potential For Using Smartphone Accelerometers In Non-Laboratory Environments, Rahul Soangra, Thurmon Lockhart, Christopher W. Frames, Jian Zhang, Seong Hyun Moon, Jongsoon Park

Physical Therapy Faculty Articles and Research

In recent years, there has been rising interest in using accelerometers as an alternative instrument to measure the center of pressure. Accelerometers are inexpensive, small, sensitive, and can be readily used in non-laboratory environments. In addition to this, smartphones with built-in accelerometers add to their capability with real-time processing of data from sensors. Clinicians and researchers are currently in disagreement from whether these measurements provide the same physiological information about the participant’s balance. In this study, twelve participants were asked to wear smartphone on their right ASIS using a belt clip and stand still on the forceplate. The data was …

Functional And Clinical Outcome Of Ileal (Studer) Neo-Bladder Reconstruction: Single Centre Experience From Pakistan, Syed M. Nazim, Muhammad Hammad Ather, Farhat Abbas

Section of Urology

Objective: To determine the medium and long-term outcome of orthotopic continent urinary diversion with ileal (Studer) neo-bladder following radical cystectomy. Study Design: Case series.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from January 1998 to September 2010.
Methodology: Thirty eight patients underwent radical cystectomy for invasive bladder tumor with ileal neo-bladder (Studer type) reconstruction. Peri-operative and late complications, functional outcome of neo-bladder, urinary continence, metabolic and upper urinary tract status and overall survival were evaluated in all patients.
Results: A total of 29 patients (23 males and 6 females) with mean age of …

Lifelong Learning: Established Concepts And Evolving Values, Jamsheer J Jehangir Talati Professor

Section of Urology

Objective: To summarise the concepts critical for understanding the content and value of lifelong learning (LL).
Methods: Ideas generated by personal experience were combined with those of philosophers, social scientists, educational institutions, governments and UNESCO, to facilitate an understanding of the importance of the basic concepts of LL.
Results: Autopoietic, continuous, self-determined, informal, vicarious, biographical, lifelong reflexive learning, from and for society, when supported by self-chosen formal courses, can build capacities and portable skills that allow useful responses to challenges and society’s new structures of governance. The need for LL is driven by challenges. LL flows continuously in pursuit of …

Attrition In Surgical Residency Programmes: Causes And Effects, Mehwash Nadeem, M Shahrukh Effendi, Muhammad Hammad Ather

Section of Urology

Objective: To determine the rate and trend of attrition from a surgical residency programme and to identify the reasons for attrition.
Methods: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted at a university hospital. Separate questionnaires were designed for residents and programme directors (PDs). The residents who left the training voluntarily from one of the five surgical residency programmes (i.e., general surgery, orthopaedics, neurosurgery, otorhinolaryngology and urology) during the academic years 2005-2011 were identified from a departmental database. The residents who did not respond after three attempts at contact, or those who refused to participate, were excluded.
Results: During the last 6years, 106 …

Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine (Omm) And Reduction Of Nsaid Use In Low Back Pain: A Pilot Study, Kristopher Kelly

PCOM Biomedical Studies Student Scholarship

This randomized controlled pilot study is to determine if a combination of muscle energy and soft tissue techniques can reduce the amount of daily NSAID use in patients suffering from chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP). Osteopathic manipulative treatment has been shown to be useful in treating low back pain. However, its role in reducing daily NSAID use in CNSLBP patients is unclear. This study was conducted at PCOM from January 2014 to April 2014. By design, patients were to be randomized into either a treatment group consisting of OMT or a control group consisting of a sham OMT. Of …

Chemopreventive Effects Of Pterostilbene In Metastatic Prostate Cancer Cells, Phillip A. Zook

PCOM Biomedical Studies Student Scholarship

Recent studies find that pterostilbene (PTS) exhibits more favorable drug properties and similar chemopreventive effects to its structural analogue resveratrol (RSV). However, few studies describe the activity of PTS in prostate cancer (PCa). Here, we conducted cell count experiments to assess the effects of PTS on metastatic PCa cell viability and to compare the potency of PTS to RSV in this respect. We also performed experiments to assess the effects of PTS on the androgen receptor (AR) and AR-mediated events. We used qPCR to measure the mRNA levels of the androgenresponsive gene (ARG), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and Western blots to …

An Analysis Of Abnormal Electrocardiograms In First And Second Year Medical School Students, Molly Anne Kalish

PCOM Biomedical Studies Student Scholarship

The high stress level placed upon medical school students, particularly during their first and second didactic years, may have a negative effect on their health. Although surveys and subjective questionnaires have been used to evaluate the effects medical school has upon a student’s cardiovascular health, there has been little clinical data obtained to confirm this notion. The aim of this longitudinal study was to demonstrate whether any abnormal cardiovascular parameters, specifically QTc wave interval, cardiac axis vector and blood pressure abnormalities, could be documented to occur in two different classes of medical students during their first two years. Such information …

Effect Of Heme Oxygenase-1 On Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 Expression In Human Fibroblasts, Theresa A. Stangl

PCOM Biomedical Studies Student Scholarship

Heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) is an enzyme that plays a very important role in the resolution of inflammation. HO-1-based therapies are effective in a number of disease conditions. However, HO-1 also increases tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis and chemoresistance. Matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) is an enzyme involved in physiological and pathophysiological tissue remodeling. Unbalanced expression of MMPs is a key feature of connective tissue destruction in chronic inflammatory conditions. Previously shown in this laboratory, the HO-1 inducer, hemin, increased MMP-3 mRNA expression in some HGF cultures. To assess whether HO-1 and/or its products regulate expression of MMP-3 in human fibroblasts, the effect of HO-1 …

The Effects Of Dihydrobiopterin And Tetrahydrobiopterin On Hydrogen Peroxide And Nitric Oxide Release During Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy (Eswl), Brittany Deiling

PCOM Biomedical Studies Student Scholarship

ESWL is an effective, non-invasive therapy utilized to fragment stones in the kidney and subsequently be cleared in the urinary tract. Although lithotripsy provides a safer alternative to invasive treatments for removing stones, ESWL may cause vasoconstriction after ESWL treatment, reducing renal blood flow, which can cause kidney damage leading to acute to chronic hypertension clinically. This may be due to kidney vascular endothelial dysfunction, which is characterized as increased oxidative stress and decreased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-derived nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. We hypothesized that ESWL would decrease NO and increase hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in …

Effect Of Tumor Necrosis Factorα On Expression Of Heme-Oxgenase1 In Human Gingival Fibroblasts, Jay Patel

PCOM Biomedical Studies Student Scholarship

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is characterized by activation of gingival fibroblasts to produce matrix metalloproteinases and other inflammatory mediators that contribute to destruction of tissues surrounding the teeth. In the United States, 22% of adults have a mild form of periodontal disease and 13% suffer from a severe form of the disease. In addition to tooth loss, periodontitis is associated with increased risk of several conditions, including diabetes, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis and cardiovascular disease. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is activated by a wide variety of stressful stimuli and levels are increased in inflamed tissues. HO-1 degrades free heme, …

Successes And Challenges Of Establishing A Cervical Cancer Screening And Treatment Program In Western Kenya, Kareem Khozaim, Elkanah Omenge, Astrid Christoffersen-Deb, Peter Itsura, John Oguda, Hellen Muliro, Jackline Ndiema, Grace Mwangi, Matthew Strother, Susan Cu-Uvin

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Objective: To describe the challenges and successes of integrating a public-sector cervical screening program into a large HIV care system in western Kenya.

Methods: The present study was a programmatic description and a retrospective chart review of data collected from a cervical screening program based on visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) between June 2009 and October 2011.

Results: In total, 6787 women were screened: 1331 (19.6%) were VIA-positive, of whom 949 (71.3%) had HIV. Overall, 206 women underwent cryotherapy, 754 colposcopy, 143 loop electrical excision procedure (LEEP), and 27 hysterectomy. Among the colposcopy-guided biopsies, 27.9% had severe dysplasia and …

Surgical Site Infection Rates In Breast Cancer Surgery At A University Hospital In Nairobi, Kenya, Andrew Nyangau Nyaoncha

Master of Medicine in General Surgery

Back ground: Surgical site infections (SSI)following breast cancer surgery remain a significant cause of morbidity with the use of single dose pre-operative antibiotic prophylaxis. As a result the use of peri-operative antibiotics is common and unregulated, with no knowledge of the infection outcomes with their use. Objectives: To establish the SSI outcomes with the use of peri-operative antibiotic prophylaxis, evaluate the common risk factors for SSI development and assess for other important outcomes following breast cancer surgery. Methods: A prospective surveillance study for patients undergoing breast cancer surgery using the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) system. Analysis: Analysis for the …

A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Effectiveness Of 0.2% Topical Nifedipine Versus 0.2% Topical Glyceryl Trinitrate In The Treatment Of Chronic Anal Fissure, Mark Michael Wekundah Siboe

Master of Medicine in General Surgery

Background: The medical management of chronic anal fissure varies among clinicians because no single treatment has yet approached an overall healing rate similar to lateral sphincterotomy. However, chemical sphincterotomy has the advantage of not carrying the presumed high risk of faecal incontinence. Glyceryl Trinitrate is commonly used in our practice with varied response. This study set out to evaluate the effectiveness of a locally compounded preparation of 0.2% topical Nifedipine in the treatment of chronic anal fissure and to compare the investigational product to 0.2% Glyceryl Trinitrate in overall healing rate and relieving pain. Design: Single centre, parallel, double-blind randomized …

Intimate Partner Violence And Pregnancy: A Systematic Review Of Interventions, An-Sofie Van Parys, Annelien Verhamme, Marleen Temmerman, Hans Verstraelen

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) around the time of pregnancy is a widespread global health problem with many negative consequences. Nevertheless, a lot remains unclear about which interventions are effective and might be adopted in the perinatal care context.

Objective: The objective is to provide a clear overview of the existing evidence on effectiveness of interventions for IPV around the time of pregnancy.

Methods: Following databases PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched and expanded by hand search. The search was limited to English peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials published from 2000 to 2013. This review …

Sexual And Gender-Based Violence In The European Asylum And Reception Sector: A Perpetuum Mobile?, Ines Keygnaert, Sonia F. Dias, Olivier Degomme, Walter Deville, Patricia Kennedy, Andras Kovats, Sara De Meyer, Nicole Vettenburg, Kristien Roelens, Marleen Temmerman

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Background: Refugees, asylum seekers and undocumented migrants are at risk of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) and subsequent ill-health in Europe; yet, European minimum reception standards do not address SGBV. Hence, this paper explores the nature of SGBV occurring in this sector and discusses determinants for ‘Desirable Prevention’.

Methods: Applying community-based participatory research, we conducted an SGBV knowledge, attitude and practice survey with residents and professionals in eight European countries. We conducted logistic regression using mixed models to analyse the data in R.

Results: Of the 562 respondents, 58.3% reported cases of direct (23.3%) or peer (76.6%) victimization. Our results …

Investing In Practice Infrastructure Influences Practice Progress, Mardi Lowe-Heisted, Deann Adams, Michael Giesbrecht, Esther Krahn

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Purpose: “The Influence of Practice Infrastructure on Practice Progress” was an evaluation review project designed to determine if investment in the infrastructure of an allied health profession would result in improved practice progress within that profession. Practice infrastructure included robust, profession-specific practice councils; local and regional practice leadership; and support for education infrastructure. Method: This review consisted of selecting three professions (psychology, therapeutic recreation, and respiratory therapy) that were at different stages in their practice evolution. Health care providers in these three professions participated in an online survey. Their practice progress was measured against 32 established professional practice benchmarks. Separate …

Trim68 Negatively Regulates Ifn-B Production By Degrading Trk Fused Gene, A Novel Driver Of Ifn-B Downstream Of Anti-Viral Detection Systems, Claire Wynne, Elisa Lazzari, Siobhan Smith, Eoghan Mccarthy, Joan Ni Gabhann, Lara Kallai, Rowan Higgs, Sally Ann Cryan, Christine Byron, Caroline Jefferies

Articles

In recent years members of the tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) family of E3 ubiquitin ligases have been shown to both positively and negatively regulate viral defence and as such are emerging as compelling targets for modulating the anti-viral immune response. In this study we identify TRIM68, a close homologue of TRIM21, as a novel regulator of Toll-like receptor (TLR)- and RIG-I-like receptor (RLR)-driven type I IFN production. Proteomic analysis of TRIM68-containing complexes identified TRK-fused gene (TFG) as a potential TRIM68 target. Overexpression of TRIM68 and TFG confirmed their ability to associate, with TLR3 stimulation appearing to enhance the interaction. TFG is …

Comparison Of Semi-Automated And Manual Measurements Of Carotid Intima-Media Thickening, Oscar Mac Ananey, G Mellotte, V Maher

Articles

Carotid intima-media thickening (CIMT) is a marker of both arteriosclerotic and atherosclerotic risks. Technological advances have semiautomated CIMT image acquisition and quantification. Studies comparing manual and automated methods have yielded conflicting results possibly due to plaque inclusion in measurements. Low atherosclerotic risk subjects (n = 126) were recruited to minimise the effect of focal atherosclerotic lesions on CIMT variability. CIMT was assessed by high-resolution B-mode ultrasound (Philips HDX7E, Phillips, UK) images of the common carotid artery using both manual and semiautomated methods (QLAB, Phillips, UK). Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the mean differences of paired measurements (Bland-Altman method) were used …

The Global Obesity Epidemic Is Related To Stroke, Dementia And Alzheimer's Disease, Ian J. Martins

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The global epidemic in obesity and diabetes has affected individuals in both the developing and developed world with the global death rate (63%) related to chronic diseases with 35% attributed to cardiovascular disease and stroke, 21 % to cancer and 12 % to chronic respiratory disease. The interest in connections between the global stroke epidemic, dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has increased with hypertension, smoking, diabetes, obesity, poor diet, physical inactivity, atrial fibrillation, excessive alcohol consumption, abnormal lipid profile and psychosocial stress/depression implicated in their pathogenesis. The connection between stroke and AD is possibly related to the low adiponectin and …

The Role Of Viral Glycoproteins And Tegument Proteins In Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Cytoplasmic Virion Envelopment, Dmitry Vladimirovich Chouljenko

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a ubiquitous neurotropic alphaherpesvirus transmitted by contact with mucocutaneous surfaces of infected individuals. HSV-1 enters the host by fusion of the viral envelope with the host cell plasma membrane, followed by translocation of the viral capsids to the nucleus where viral DNA is injected into the host cell nucleus to initiate viral replication. To generate infectious virions, newly assembled capsids travel to the cytoplasm and undergo a process called secondary envelopment by budding into cytoplasmic vesicles derived from the trans-Golgi network. Cytoplasmic envelopment is a complex process involving interactions between a multitude of …

Skin To Skin In The Operating Room For Cesareans, Marietta Sperry

Books, Presentations, Posters, Etc.

Is there a difference in outcomes with both mothers & babies in mothers that deliver by Cesarean Section who experience Skin to Skin Contact (SSC) in the Operating Room (OR) compared to those who do not have SSC after a Cesarean Delivery?

Medical Ethnography--Making Meaning That Matters (What It Is And What It Is Not), Melinda Hermanns

Nursing Faculty Publications and Presentations

A presentation for Southern Nurses Research Society in San Antonio, TX, about Ethnography, what it is, and what it is not.