Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Child Road Traffic Crash Injuries At The Red Cross War Memorial Children’S Hospital In Cape Town South Africa In 1992, 2002 And 2012, Isaac Kihurani, Ashley Van Niekerk, Arjan Bastiaan Van As

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Road traffic crashes are a significant cause of the disease burden among children, with the highest mortality in low- and middle-income countries. This observational study explores such injuries in Cape Town, South Africa through an analysis of data for cases in 1992, 2002 and 2012 at the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, a referral paediatric hospital for children younger than 13 years. Descriptive and time trend analysis of demographic data as well as of the causes, severity and place of injury was conducted. Logistic regression and generalised linear models described factors influencing hospital admission. In the years 1992, 2002 …

25 Years After Vi Typhoid Vaccine Efficacy Study, Typhoid Affects Significant Number Of Population In Nepal, Deepak Bajracharya, M. Imran Khan, Alfred Pach Iii, Parisha Shrestha, Nilesh Joshi, Shyam R. Upreti, Thomas Wierzba, Mahesh Puri, Sushant Sahastrabuddhe, R. Leon Ochiai

Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health

Salmonella Typhi, first isolated in 1884, results in infection of the intestines and can end in death and disability. Due to serious adverse events post vaccination, whole cell killed vaccines have been replaced with new generation vaccines. The efficacy of Vi polysaccharide (ViPS) vaccine, a new generation, single-dose intramuscular typhoid vaccine was assessed in Nepal in 1987. However, despite the availability of ViPS vaccine for more than 25 years, Nepal has one of the highest incidence of typhoid fever. Therefore we collected information from hospitals in the Kathmandu Valley from over the past five years. There were 9901 enteric fever …

The Influence Of Gestural Learning On Oral Reading And Reading Comprehension, Rachael Joymarie Williams

Wayne State University Theses

The purpose of this study is to evaluate how gestural training may facilitate oral reading and reading comprehension of single words. For example, it is not clear whether multi-modal cues such as gesture provide an advantage over verbal cueing alone, or which type of multi-modal cues may be more effective than others in visual-verbal learning. This study examined language learning in healthy volunteers to be able to apply the effective methods for language intervention in individuals with language difficulties.

Thirty-two healthy adults were selected to participate in four different learning conditions including verbal alone, visual cue, meaningful gesture, and meaningless …

Saudi Arabian Students In Detroit Use Natural Health Products More So Than Other University Students In Detroit, Samiah Naji Alqahtani

Wayne State University Theses

Natural Health Products (NHP), are defined as products that derive from organisms and may include supplements and herbal/traditional remedies. Prior research indicates that females use NHP more than males. We have unpublished data to show that students use NHP for health maintenance with significantly different use of NHP by Native/Aboriginal students vs. other students. Less is known about Saudi students. We hypothesize that: (1) There are gender differences in NHP used; and (2) There are geo-ethnic differences in NHP used. We also determine the predictor variables that influence NHP use by students. Students from Wayne State University (n=560; 193 …

Present Futures: Possibilities For Selfhood At A Community Mental Health Center In Detroit, Michigan, Talia Gordon

Wayne State University Theses

Since the 1990s, recovery-oriented approaches to mental illness have become the dominant paradigm in contemporary U.S. non-clinical institutional settings. Central to the recovery paradigm is a discourse of self-determination that separates psychiatric pathology from personhood and expects those diagnosed to enact and manage themselves as autonomous subjects - as empowered, responsible, independent, and transformable. For many individuals, however, everyday experiences of illness are at odds with expectations for recovery, defined as a "process of change" through which the self is continuously worked upon and improved (SAMHSA 2011). One particularly popular non-clinical recovery modality is the Clubhouse model of psychosocial rehabilitation …

Go To The Hospital Or Stay At Home? A Qualitative Study Of Expected Hospital Decision Making Among Older African Americans With Advanced Heart Failure, Faith Pratt Hopp, Christina Marsack, Jessica Camp, Shirley Ann Thomas

Social Work Faculty Publications

To address the need for more information concerning hospital decision making, we conducted in-depth interviews among African Americans with heart failure and their family caregivers (n=11 dyads). Using a case scenario, we asked participants about their anticipated hospitalization decisions. Most patients indicated that they would seek care to avoid further deterioration or death from their worsening condition. Many family caregivers anticipated having an active influence on hospitalization decisions. Findings suggest that social workers should encourage the development of adequate home-based services, recognize diverse communication styles, and use this information to facilitate medical decision making by these patients and …

Characterisation Of The Vaginal Microflora Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Hiv) Positive And Negative Women In A Sub-Urban Population Of Kenya, Teresa N. Kiama, Rita Verhelst, Paul M. Mbugua, Mario Vaneechoutte, Hans Verstraelen, Benson Estambale, Marleen Temmerman

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Lactobacilli predominate normal vaginal microflora and are important in maintenance of vaginal health. The current study set out to identify and compare culture isolates of vaginal microflora of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive (HIV+ ) and HIV negative (HIV- ) women at different phases during menstrual cycle from a sub-urban population of Kenya. Seventy four (74) women, 41 HIV+ and 33 HIV- , followed up two consecutive menstrual cycles, had high vaginal swabs taken to prepare Gram stains for six visits and anaerobic cultures for four. All 751 isolates identified by t-DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) belong to 51 species. …

Exhibition Catalogue — Imprints And Impressions: Milestones In Human Progress, Paul H. Benson, Sandra A. Yocum, Mark Masthay, Donald J. Polzella

Supplemental Media

Exhibition catalogue for Imprints and Impressions: Milestones in Human Progress — Highlights from the Rose Rare Book Collection. Includes an introduction by Kathleen M. Webb, dean of University Libraries; essays about the impact of the exhibition's books on modern inquiry, the humanities, the sciences, and the social sciences; and photographs of the works in the exhibit.

Identifying Factors Associated With The Uptake Of Prevention Of Mother To Child Hiv Transmission Programme In Tigray Region, Ethiopia: A Multilevel Modeling Approach, Wondwossen Lerebo, Steven Callens, Debra Jackson, Christina Zarowsky, Marleen Temmerman

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Background: Prevention of mother to child HIV transmission (PMTCT) remains a challenge in low and middle-income countries. Determinants of utilization occur – and often interact - at both individual and community levels, but most studies do not address how determinants interact across levels. Multilevel models allow for the importance of both groups and individuals in understanding health outcomes and provide one way to link the traditionally distinct ecological- and individual-level studies. This study examined individual and community level determinants of mother and child receiving PMTCT services in Tigray region, Ethiopia.

Methods: A multistage probability sampling method was used for this …

Pediatric Cerebral Palsy In Africa: A Systematic Review, Kirsten A. Donald, Pauline Samia, Angelina Kakooza-Mwesige, David Bearden

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Cerebral palsy is a common neurologic problem in children and is reported as occurring in approximately 2-2.5 of 1000 live births globally. As is the case with many pediatric neurologic conditions, very little has been reported on this condition in the African context. Resource-limited settings such as those found across the continent are likely to result in a different spectrum of etiologies, prevalence, severity as well as management approaches. This review aims to establish what has been reported on this condition from the African continent so as to better define key clinical and research questions.

Pharmacy Law Brief: Implications Of Being A Specialist, Joseph L. Fink Iii

Pharmacy Practice and Science Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

A History Of Abuse And Operative Delivery - Results From A European Multi-Country Cohort Study, Berit Schei, Mirjam Lukasse, Elsa Lena Ryding, Jacquelyn Campbell, Helle Karro, Hildur Kristjansdottir, Made Laanpere, Anne-Mette Schroll, Ann Tabor, Marleen Temmerman

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Objective: The main aim of this study was to assess whether a history of abuse, reported during pregnancy, was associated with an operative delivery. Secondly, we assessed if the association varied according to the type of abuse and if the reported abuse had been experienced as a child or an adult.

Design: The Bidens study, a cohort study in six European countries (Belgium, Iceland, Denmark, Estonia, Norway, and Sweden) recruited 6724 pregnant women attending routine antenatal care. History of abuse was assessed through questionnaire and linked to obstetric information from hospital records. The main outcome measure was operative delivery as …

International Standards For Early Fetal Size And Pregnancy Dating Based On Ultrasound Measurement Of Crown–Rump Length In The First Trimester Of Pregnancy, A. T. Papageorghiou, S. H. Kennedy, L. J. Salomon, E. O. Ohuma, L. Cheikh Ismail, F. C. Barros, A. Lambert, Maria Carvalho, Y. A. Jaffer, E. Bertino, M. G. Gravett, D. G. Altman, M. Purwar, J. A. Noble, R. Pang, C. G. Victora, Z. A. Bhutta, J. Villar

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Objectives: There are no international standards for relating fetal crown–rump length (CRL) to gestational age (GA), and most existing charts have considerable methodological limitations. The INTERGROWTH-21^st Project aimed to produce the first international standards for early fetal size and ultrasound dating of pregnancy based on CRL measurement.

Methods: Urban areas in eight geographically diverse countries that met strict eligibility criteria were selected for the prospective, population-based recruitment, between 9 + 0 and 13 + 6 weeks' gestation, of healthy well-nourished women with singleton pregnancies at low risk of fetal growth impairment. GA was calculated on the basis of a …

Rwandan Young People’S Perceptions On Sexuality And Relationships: Results From A Qualitative Study Using The ‘Mailbox Technique’, Kristien Michielsen, Pieter Remes, John Rugabo, Ronan Van Rossem, Marleen Temmerman

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

This study aimed to gain more insight into young Rwandans’ perceptions on sex and relationships, which is essential for formulating effective sexual and reproductive health (SRH) promotion interventions. Using a ‘mailbox technique’, this paper studies the spontaneous thoughts of Rwandan young people on sexuality. Mailboxes were installed in five secondary schools in the Bugesera district and students were invited to write about their ideas, secrets, wishes, desires and fears on sexuality and relationships. Of the 186 letters collected, 154 addressed SRH topics. The letters were analysed in NVivo 9 using a theoretical model on vulnerability. Two stereotypical sexual interactions co-exist: …

Sexual Violence And Sub-Saharan Migrants In Morocco: A Community-Based Participatory Assessment Using Respondent Driven Sampling, Ines Keygnaert, Abdessamad Dialmy, Altay Manço, Jeroen Keygnaert, Nicole Vettenburg, Kristien Roelens, Marleen Temmerman

Obstetrics and Gynaecology, East Africa

Background: The European Union contracted Morocco to regulate migration from so-called “transit migrants” from Morocco to Europe via the European Neighbourhood Policy. Yet, international organisations signal that human, asylum and refugee rights are not upheld in Morocco and that many sub-Saharan migrants suffer from ill-health and violence. Hence, our study aimed at 1) investigating the nature of violence that sub-Saharan migrants experience around and in Morocco, 2) assessing which determinants they perceive as decisive and 3) formulating prevention recommendations.

Methods: Applying Community-Based Participatory Research, we trained twelve sub-Saharan migrants as Community Researchers to conduct in-depth interviews with peers, using Respondent …

Investigating The Interactions Between Cyanobacteria And Vibrio Parahaemolyticus, Caroline E. Ward

Honors Theses and Capstones

One well-known pathogen that has been the topic of many recent studies is Vibrio parahaemolyticus, which causes thousands of foodborne illnesses a year, mostly from the ingestion of raw or undercooked oysters. It has been shown cyanobacteria can act as a long-term reservoir of Vibrio cholerae, another pathogenic Vibrio, by encasing the cells within mucilaginous sheaths during which Vibrios enter a viable but non-culturable state. In this study we investigated the interaction of V. parahaemolyticus with cyanobacteria to determine whether cyanobacteria aid in the longevity and survival of V. parahaemolyticus. We found that non-pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus …

Animal-Assisted Therapy: Motives And Rewards, Kailee Victoria Collins

Honors Theses and Capstones

Animal-assisted therapy is a complimentary therapy utilized in health care to provide goal-directed therapy using dogs. The purpose of this study was to understand what motivates individuals to being animal-assisted volunteering and rewards that encourage and sustain animal-assisted volunteering. This mixed methods study employed quantitative methods, a demographic questionnaire and the Volunteer Motivation Index (VMI), which ranks motives most important to animal-assisted volunteers (N=15) and qualitative methods, a semi-structured interview (N=13). The participants ranked Values most important as a motive on the VMI. Social related variables were ranked low. Content analysis of the interviews yielded five themes: No Ordinary Dog, …

Instilling Diet And Exercise Confidence: Influence Of Nurse Body Size, Erin Murdock Spaulding

Honors Theses and Capstones

This paper reports a research study focused on perspective of nurse body size and how it affects confidence in a nurses’ ability to provide education on diet and exercise. The study followed a descriptive method design guided by a cross-sectional survey with quantitative variables. Results show that there is increased confidence in a nurse’s ability to provide education and influence habits regarding diet and exercise when the nurse role models such behaviors. Other findings presented include respondents’ perception of their body mass index versus their actual body mass index, percentage of respondents with health care conditions related to obesity, and …

Malaria Curriculum, Caroline Schairer

Honors Projects

Objectives:

I.) The students will be able to explain what malaria is, how one gets malaria, and how one prevents malaria through the creation of a brochure.

II.) The students will be able to analyze and distinguish whether or not a patient has malaria, through the use of a case study.

III.) The students will be able to compose a malaria prevention plan for their home using their knowledge and comprehension of malaria and various prevention measures.

State Uses Financial Incentives To Fund Nursing Home–Initiated Quality Improvement Projects Through Competitive Bidding Process, Leading To Better Care, Valerie Cooke, Greg Arling, T. Lewis, Kathleen Abrahamson, Priscilla Arling, H. Davila, C. Mueller

Scholarship and Professional Work - Business

Authorized in 2006 by the State legislature, Minnesota’s Performance-Based Incentive Program funds nursing home–initiated quality improvement projects for 1 to 3 years through increases of up to 5 percent in the operating per diem rate charged to Medicaid and private-pay residents. Funding decisions are made through a competitive bidding process administered annually by the Department of Human Services, with recommendations from a review committee. Program staff provide support to nursing homes during and after the application process. Nursing homes that do not achieve project-specific performance targets can lose up to 20 percent of the incentive payments. The program has engaged …

The Rise Of The Reproductive Brothel In The Global Economy: Some Thoughts On Reproductive Tourism, Autonomy, And Justice, April L. Cherry

Law Faculty Articles and Essays

This article explores some of the ethical issues raised by the rise of a global reproductive tourism model that includes “the reproductive brothel,” a place where women are gathered together in confined areas and their reproductive capacities sold to men as commodities. After exploring the phenomenon of reproductive tourism as it has developed in India, and the ways in which economic globalization has shaped the practice, the article then considers two ethical responses to the development of the practice of global commercial surrogacy; the first of which focuses on the value of autonomy (both as choice and as dignity), and …

The Association Of Cold Weather And All-Cause And Cause-Specific Mortality In The Island Of Ireland Between 1984 And 2007, Ariana Zeka, Stephen Browne, Helen Mcavoy, Patrick Goodman

Articles

Background: This study aimed to assess the relationship between cold temperature and daily mortality in the Republic of Ireland (ROI) and Northern Ireland (NI), and to explore any differences in the population responses between the two jurisdictions. Methods: A time-stratified case-crossover approach was used to examine this relationship in two adult national populations, between 1984 and 2007. Daily mortality risk was examined in association with exposure to daily maximum temperatures on the same day and up to 6 weeks preceding death, during the winter (December-February) and an extended cold period (October-March), using distributed lag models. Model stratification by age and …

Knowledge, Attitudes And Practices Of Parents Regarding Antibiotic Use In Children, Saad Siddiqui, Mubeen Sultan Cheema, Romana Ayub, Noreen Shah, Ameer Hamza, Sheraz Hussain, Muhammad Hamza Khan, Syed Musa Raza

Department of Radiology

Background: Emerging resistance to antimicrobial chemotherapy is becoming a challenge for medicine in recent times. Un-prescribed use of antibiotics is a major contributor to development of this problem. In Pakistan access to antibiotics remains unchecked and hence results in it are over use. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge of parents regarding use of antibiotics, its associated problems, their source of information and their expectations from Paediatricians for prescription of anti-biotics.Methods: This is a questionnaire based cross sectional study conducted in Hayatabad town, District Peshawar. Parents who were consenting, had children aged between 0-16 years, and were …

Leadership Curricula Of Professional Athletic Training Programs, Elizabeth Drake

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Nationally-recognized athletic training organizations have identified leadership knowledge, skills, and competencies as essential for athletic trainers to be successful in the current healthcare environment and to help advance the profession of athletic training. However, little is currently known regarding the methods and the extent of leadership development in athletic training professional preparation programs. The purpose of this mixed-methods study was to examine student and faculty perspectives of the extent and ways that athletic training professional preparation programs address leadership in their curricula.

Data were obtained via surveys completed by 71 students and 83 athletic training professional level program directors. Overall, …

A Pilot Study: Examining The Effectiveness Of Managing Fatigue Post-Stroke Via Telehealth, Nicole Gronhovd, Hannah Muehlberg

Occupational Therapy Capstones

There is currently a lack of research on the effectiveness of energy conservation techniques to treat the fatigue experienced by individuals following a stroke. Because of this, the purpose of this research study was to explore the effects of Managing Fatigue: A Six Week Course for Energy Conservation, developed by occupational therapists, Packer, Brink, and Sauriol (1995), on the level of fatigue individuals experience following a stroke. As telehealth is an emerging area in occupational therapy service delivery, the present study also aimed to determine the effectiveness of occupational therapy services delivered via teleconference.

A pilot study using a pretest-posttest …

A Community Grant Application To Support People With Dementia And Their Caregivers, Jessica Montomery

Occupational Therapy Capstones

In upcoming years, the population of older adults with dementia is expected to rise exponentially, with the expectation that the majority of these individuals will choose to age in place with increased caregiver support (AARP, 2011; National Alliance for Caregiving, 2009; Vincent & Velkoff, 2010). Without adequate education to prepare for the caregiving role, education, instruction, and support, informal caregivers are at an increased risk for caregiving burden, stress, and mortality rates (Morimoto, Schreiner, & Asano, 2003; Schulz & Beach, 1999; Thinnes & Padilla, 2011). The goal for this scholarly project was to create a home and community-based program for …

Addressing Social, Emotional, And Organizational Goals For A Child With An Autism Spectrum Disorder (Asd) Using The Cognitive Orientation To Daily Occupational Performance (Co-Op) Approach:, Gina Czmowski, Shea Willert

Occupational Therapy Capstones

Background: Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have social, emotional, and organizational deficits. These are frequently addressed through behavioral-based skills training which often does not result in generalization of skills.

Methods: This single case study sought to understand if the Cognitive Orientation for daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) approach, an approach developed to assist children in problem solving their own motor planning difficulties, is an effective approach for addressing social, emotional, and organizational goals with a child with an ASD.

Results: Pre and post-intervention assessment ratings on the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure and the Performance Quality Rating Scale completed by the …

Continuous Subglottic Suctioning Of Intubated Patients In The Icu, Dan Deutsch

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common complication in mechanically ventilated patients. It causes substantial morbidity and mortality, as well as substantial cost to the patients and healthcare systems. One of the major risk factors identified for risk of VAP is the aspiration of secretions from the oropharynx. One intervention aimed at decreasing the incidence of secretion aspiration is an endotracheal tube (ETT) that can be hooked up to suction, providing continuous subglottic suctioning. The purpose of this paper was to explore the use of continuous subglottic suctioning and its effects on the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Review of literature …

Increased Incidence Of Asthma After Previous Infantile Rsv Bronchiolitis Infection, Ellen Adelia Doebler

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

• Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a very common infection in children less than two years of age.

• Asthma is a common respiratory disease in childhood, which may cause frequent hospitalizations.

• The purpose of this study is to determine if infants previously diagnosed with RSV bronchiolitis have an increased incidence of asthma diagnosis compared to infants not diagnosed with RSV.

• The literature review examines correlation studies of both disease processes and explores incidence of asthma in patients previously diagnosed with Respiratory Syncytial Virus bronchiolitis.

• Individuals previously diagnosed with Respiratory Syncytial Virus bronchiolitis have a higher risk …

Alternative Treatment With Red Yeast Rice To Reduce Hyperlipidemia, Lisa Froemke

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

• First line treatment of cardiovascular disease is lifestyle modification followed by the pharmacologic intervention of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors or statins

• Statins are commonly associated with intolerable side effects such as myalgia leading to medication non-compliance

• RYR preparations claim to inhibit cholesterol synthesis without causing myalgia

• RYR preparations have naturally occurring monacolins such as monacolin K which is chemically identical to lovastatin

• RYR is not regulated by the FDA leading to questionable manufacturing practices producing varying ingredient composition

• The purpose of this study is to investigate the role RYR in hyperlipidemia treatment compared to statins …