Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Viruses Infecting Marine Picoplancton Encode Functional Potassium Ion Channels, Fenja Siotto, Corinna Martin, Oliver Rauh, James L. Van Etten, Indra Schroeder, Anna Moroni, Gerhard Thiel

James Van Etten Publications

Phycodnaviruses are dsDNA viruses, which infect algae. Their large genomes encode many gene products, like small K+ channels, with homologs in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Screening for K+ channels revealed their abundance in viruses from fresh-water habitats. Recent sequencing of viruses from marine algae or from salt water in Antarctica revealed sequences with the predicted characteristics of K+ channels but with some unexpected features. Two genes encode either 78 or 79 amino acid proteins, which are the smallest known K+ channels. Also of interest is an unusual sequence in the canonical α-helixes in K+ channels. Structural prediction algorithms indicate that the …

Cancer Care Annual Report 2013-2014, Children's Mercy Hospital

Cancer Center Annual Reports

Annual report of cancer care and oncology services at the Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City MO, a pediatric medical center.

Automated Reminders To Promote Radon Testing In A Lung Cancer Case Control Study, Stacey Slone, Susanne M. Arnold, Lara Sutherland, Heather Robertson, Frances J. Feltner, Joshua Crase, Megan Combs, Ellen J. Hahn

Center of Excellence in Rural Health Presentations

One of the four pilot projects of the Lung Cancer Initiative sponsored by the Department of Defense measures radon levels in the participants homes. Radon exposure is the second leading cause of Lung Cancer. The case-control study has a targeted accrual of 1800 with a case-control ratio of 1:4. The long-term radon kits remain in the home for 90 days and the participants are asked to mail the test kit to the company for analysis. In order to maximize the test kit return rate, reminder calls to the participants occurred 90 days after the home visit.

The Role Of Exercise In Polychlorinated Biphenyl Induced Cardiovascular Disease, Margaret O'Bryan Murphy

Theses and Dissertations--Nutritional Sciences

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in Western societies. Endothelial dysfunction is one of the initiating steps in the development of atherosclerosis. While there is a strong correlation with a person’s genetics, lifestyle factors including smoking, physical activity, and diet can significantly increase a person’s susceptibility to the development of atherosclerosis. In addition to these lifestyle factors, there is a strong body of evidence linking exposure to environmental pollutants including persistent organic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls to increased cardiovascular disease and mortality. It has been well-established that exercise protects against cardiovascular disease, but whether exercise can modulate …

The Role Of Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I-Regulated Inducible Glucocorticoids In Sepsis, Junting Ai

Theses and Dissertations--Nutritional Sciences

Sepsis claims over 215,000 lives in the US annually. Inducible glucocorticoids (iGC) is produced during sepsis. However, the precise effects of iGC in sepsis remain unclear due to a lack of appropriate animal models. Glucocorticoid (GC) insufficiency is associated with a marked increase in mortality and occurs in 60% of severe septic patients. Yet the conclusion of GC therapy on septic patients is still controversial.

Scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) in the adrenal mediates the selective uptake of cholesteryl ester from lipoproteins for GC synthesis. SR-BI-/- mice completely lack iGC during sepsis and are highly susceptible to septic …

The Role Of Angiotensinogen In Atherosclerosis And Obesity, Congqing Wu

Theses and Dissertations--Nutritional Sciences

Angiotensinogen is the only known precursor in the renin-angiotensin system, a hormonal system best known as an essential regulator of blood pressure and fluid homeostasis. Angiotensinogen is sequentially cleaved by renin and angiotensin- converting enzyme to generate angiotensin II. As the major effector peptide, angiotensin II mainly function through angiotensin type 1 receptor.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and more recently renin inhibitors are widely known as the 3 classic renin-angiotensin system inhibitory drugs against hypertension and atherosclerosis. Here, we developed an array of regents to explore the effects of angiotensinogen inhibition. First, we demonstrated that genetic deficiency of …

Child Sexual Abuse Leads To Psychological Disorders: Literature Review, Savera Aziz Ali, Sumera Aziz Ali

School of Nursing & Midwifery

This scholarly paper explains the relationship between child sexual abuse and psychological disorders. Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is a forceful sexual contact with a child who is incapable of consenting. The impact of sexual abuse can range from physical to very severe psychological effects. Psychological disorders caused by child sexual abuse include panic disorder, anxiety, depression, substance abuse, low self-esteem and post-traumatic stress disorder. The phenomenon of child sexual abuse is shaped by some important theories like behavioral, psychodynamic, attachment, cognitive and integrated theory. These theories may help to develop a sound empirical base through which cost effective strategies can …

A Paradox In Development: Exploring The Obesity Pandemic In Latin America, Laila G. Heid

CMC Senior Theses

The purpose of this paper is to explain the obesity pandemic in Latin America and identify the factors of development contributing to the pandemic. The paper uses the framework of the nutrition transition as presented by Barry Popkin to trace consumption patterns and changes in dietary habits in the region. The paper looks at three case studies: Mexico and Chile, two countries with high obesity rates, and Peru, the country with the lowest obesity rate in South America. This comparative framework is intended to determine which conditions are necessary for obesity, which conditions are sufficient for obesity, and any conditions …

The Simple Truths Of Safety At Sea For Alaskan Tender Vessels: Feasible Regulatory Changes To Prevent Vessel Casualties In The 17th Coast Guard District Tender Fleet, Olivia Jacobs

CMC Senior Theses

Tender vessels in the United States will soon need to comply with new safety regulations as mandated by the Coast Guard Authorization Act of 2010. This thesis focuses specifically on assisting in the formation of an Alternative Safety Compliance Program (ASCP) for the unique tender vessel fleet and seeks to understand why tender vessels experience fatalities and vessel casualties. By analyzing data of tendermen fatalities and tender vessel casualties between 2000 and 2012, the report sheds light on the realities of these incidents. Among other findings, the data show that the most common cause of vessel casualty was striking rocks …

Effects Of Parental Alcoholism And Trauma Exposure On Depressive Symptoms: A Path Model With Resilience, Social Support, And Family Satisfaction, Erin Doty Kurtz

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

The goal of this study was to explore the different effects of parental alcoholism and history of trauma exposure on depressive symptoms in an emerging adult, college population. In particular, mediating effects of resilience, social support, and family satisfaction were evaluated for both parental alcoholism and previous interpersonal trauma exposure using structural equation modeling (SEM). Participants were 708 students (217 male, 491 female) attending a large mid-Atlantic state university. It was . anticipated that social support and family satisfaction would be key mediators between parental alcoholism and depressive symptoms, while resilience and social support would be significant mediators between interpersonal …

An Analysis Of The Cause, Effect & Control Of Hyperlipidemia From A Nursing Perspective, Melissa Rodgers

Theses and Dissertations

Two of the top four causes of death worldwide, heart disease and stroke, are related to hyperlipidemia, elevated cholesterol levels; these two illnesses account for approximately seventeen million deaths each year (World Health Organization, 2014). In order to combat the prevalence of these illnesses, the National Cholesterol Educational Panel has issued guidelines regarding cholesterol management. Extensive research has been published concerning cholesterol management. However, a gap remains between evidenced-based practice and community awareness of this phenomenon. This manuscript compiles research from peer reviewed nursing journals and acclaimed government and national organizations to express the cause, effect, and control of hyperlipidemia …

Diagnosing The Third World: The “Map Doctor” And The Spatialized Discourses Of Disease And Development In The Cold War, Timothy Barney

Rhetoric and Communication Studies Faculty Publications

In the early 1950s, the American Geographical Society, in collaboration with the United States Armed Forces and international pharmaceutical corporations, instituted a Medical Geography program whose main initiative was the Atlas of Disease, a map series that documented the global spread of various afflictions such as polio, malaria, even starvation. The Atlas of Disease, through the stewardship of its director, Jacques May, a French-American physician trained in colonial Hanoi, evidenced the ways in which cartography was rhetorically appropriated in the Cold War as a powerful visual discourse of development and modernization, wherein both the data content of the maps and …

Pertinence Et Conditions D'Utilisation Des Indices Thermiques Dans Le Contexte Québécois, Pierre C. Dessureault, Pierre Oupin, Michaël Bourassa

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Cette étude s’intéresse à l’ensemble des contraintes thermiques, depuis les grands froids typiques du nord du Québec, jusqu’aux ambiances excessivement chaudes retrouvées dans certaines industries. Six indices thermiques ont été analysés en détail; trois d’entre eux s’appliquent au froid, un au confort thermique et deux visent les conditions excessivement chaudes.

La revue de la documentation scientifique concernant l’exposition au froid révèle que, bien que de moindre importance que l’adaptation comportementale, l’adaptation phénotypique aussi bien que génotypique est observée chez les personnes exposées aux ambiances froides. L’ensemble de tous ces ajustements physiologiques, que l’on nomme acclimatation, influence significativement les réponses physiologiques …

Les Défis Des Emplois Verts De L’Industrie Du Photovoltaïque Au Québec, Bouchra Bakhiyi, Joseph Zayed

Rapports de recherche scientifique

L’industrie du photovoltaïque (PV), pourvoyeuse d’électricité solaire à faible empreinte écologique, est un secteur d’activité en pleine croissance ayant généré quelque 220 000 emplois verts dans le monde en 2010, avec une projection de près de 2 000 000 à l’horizon 2020. L'industrie du photovoltaïque fait face néanmoins à des risques potentiels pour la santé et la sécurité des travailleurs et ce, tout le long du cycle de vie des systèmes photovoltaïques. L’objectif général de cette recherche était de dresser un portrait de l’industrie du PV au Québec. Elle visait plus précisément à : 1) réaliser le bilan de la …

Jeunes Du Secondaire Et Du Collégial Qui Cumulent Études Et Travail : Une Enquête Sur Les Conditions D’Exercice Du Travail Et La Sst, Luc Laberge, Élise Ledoux, Julie Auclair, Marco Gaudreault

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Au Québec, les jeunes entrent de plus en plus tôt sur le marché du travail. Or, parmi l’ensemble des travaux de recherche portant sur la question des jeunes en lien avec la santé et la sécurité du travail (SST), peu d’études portent sur les travailleurs âgés de 15 à 19 ans. De 1976 à 2005, le taux d’activité de ces jeunes travailleurs est pourtant passé de 43,7 % à 51,8 %. Plus encore, la proportion des jeunes de 15 à 19 ans qui occupent un emploi alors qu’ils sont aux études a presque doublé au cours des trente dernières années. …

Effects Of Infectious Bursal Disease (Ibd) On Shank Length And Diameter, Body Weight And Mortality In Broiler Breeder At Rearing Period, Ahmad Salahi, Mozhdeh Moosanezhad Khabisi, Ali Anissian

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Shank length is used as a tool for the determination of fertility, body weight, estimates of frame size, and the monitoring of growth and development of pullets. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of infectious bursal disease (IBD) on shank length, diameter, body weight, shank length and body weight growth curves, and mortality rate in males and females in the rearing period in broiler breeder flocks. In this study, 2 broiler breeder flocks (Ross 308 flocks) and 800 breeder chicks (both females and males) were selected for shank length and diameter assessments. All the management, nutrition, and …

Ultrasonographic Evaluation Of Massive Abdominal Wall Swellings In Cattle And Buffaloes, Ashwani Kumar, Jitender Mohindroo, Vandana Sangwan, Shashi Kant Mahajan, Kiranjeet Singh, Arun Anand, Narinder Singh Saini

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Eight cows and 7 buffaloes with massive abdominal wall swellings were examined. The aim of the ultrasonographic study was to learn the contents of the abdominal wall swellings. They were divided into 4 groups: Group I (prepubic tendon rupture or hernia), Group II (fibrino-cystic swelling), Group III (abscess), and Group IV (inflammatory swelling). Palpation of the swelling in semidorsal recumbency, needle aspiration, or surgery was used to confirm the diagnosis. In animals of Groups I, II, and III, in the ultrasound, the muscles appeared to separate from the skin at the margin of swelling, thus creating a gap. In this …

Study On The Relationship Between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Of The Coccidiosis-Resistance Candidate Zyxin Gene Exon 1 And Carcass Traits In The Jinghai Yellow Chicken, Guojun Dai, Dahui Sun, Mingming Sun, Yuxin Lin, Xiang Wang, Genxi Zhang, Kaizhou Xie, Miaomiao Shi, Olajide Olowofeso, Jinyu Wang

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Previous research revealed that several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of zyxin were significantly associated with coccidiosis-resistance parameters. In this research, the Jinghai yellow chicken was chosen to detect the SNPs of zyxin gene exon 1 by PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing techniques, and was also used to analyze the effect of zyxin SNPs on carcass traits. A single mutation was found with 3 genotypes, designated as AA, AB, and BB. The results showed that BB was significantly different from AA and AB in terms of abdominal fat weight and slaughter rate for cockerel (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference between AA and AB (P > 0.05). The heart weight, breast muscle rate, …

The Effects Of Dietary Glutamine Supplementation On Growth Performance And Intestinal Morphology Of Broiler Chickens Reared Under Hot Conditions, Farhad Jazideh, Parviz Farhoomand, Mohsen Daneshyar, Gholamreza Najafi

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Dietary supplementation effects of 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1% glutamine were investigated on the performance and development of the gastrointestinal tract in broilers reared under hot conditions. No significant differences were observed between the treatments for feed intake and feed conversion ratio during the starter period, grower period, or entire experiment (P > 0.05). During the grower period, only 0.5% glutamine-fed birds had higher body weight gain than others (P < 0.05). For the entire period, body weight gain of 0.5% glutamine-fed birds was greater than that of 0.00% and 0.25% glutamine-fed ones (P < 0.05). Furthermore, 0.5% glutamine-fed birds showed longer villus height than other birds (P < 0.05). In the jejunum, both 0.5% and 1% glutamine consumption caused longer villus height as compared to 0.00% and 0.25% glutamine (P < 0.05). Villus height of 0.25% glutamine-fed birds was higher than that of 0.00% glutamine-fed ones (P < 0.05). None of the ileum morphological parameters were affected by glutamine supplementation (P > 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of 0.5% glutamine improved the intestinal morphology and body weight gain of broilers under heat stress. Higher dietary glutamine (1%) increased the villus height in the jejunum …

The Effects Of Royal Jelly On Performance And Fatty Acid Profiles Of Different Tissues In Quail (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica) Reared Under High Stocking Density, İsmai̇l Seven, Ülkü Gülci̇han Şi̇mşek, Zehra Gökçe, Pinar Tatli Seven, Aslihan Arslan, Ökkeş Yilmaz

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

To study the effects of royal jelly (RJ) on performance and fatty acid profiles, 168 unsexed 8-day-old quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were assigned to 4 treatment groups. Groups were arranged as follows: control (LSD; 160 cm2/quail and no supplementation), high stocking density (HSD; 80 cm2/quail and no supplementation), HSD-RJ 250 [80 cm2/quail and 250 mg/kg body weight (BW) RJ given orally], and HSD-RJ 500 (80 cm2/quail and 500 mg/kg BW RJ given orally). Body weight gain decreased significantly in the HSD group at day 42 (P < 0.01). Feed intake (FI) and feed conversion rate (FCR) were also significantly affected in the HSD group (P < 0.01). FI and FCR were improved by both doses of RJ. Both RJ doses increased total polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios in the breast, kidney (P < 0.001), leg, and liver (P < 0.05). Total saturated fatty acid ratios in leg (P < 0.01) and kidney (P < 0.05) tissues increased in the HSD group but decreased in the livers of HSD-RJ 250 group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, RJ supplementation improved performance parameters and unsaturated fatty acid ratios in the examined quail tissues.

Detection Of Sensitive And Mutant Ruminal Bacteria Isolates From Sheep, Cattle, And Buffalo Using 14 Therapeutic Antibiotics, Abdelfattah Zeidan Mohamed Salem, Roberto Montes De Oca Jimenez, Maria Andrea Cerrillo-Soto, Ahmed Eid Kholif, Mohamed Zidan Mohamed Salem, Mona Mohamed Mohamed Yasseen Elghandour

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In the present study, sensitive and mutant colonies of some ruminal bacterial species isolated from sheep, cattle, and buffalo were detected. We counted and considered \"mutant colonies\" the bacterial colonies grown in the clear inhibition zone in the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test. Detected mutant colonies were higher in buffalo than in cattle and sheep. Duricef and metronidazole caused no mutations in any species. The others formed mutant colonies, where roxithromycin = polymyxin = chloramphenicol = gentamicin < erythromycin < vancomycin < piperacillin = cefotaxime < streptomycin < cefoperazone < ciprofloxacin < amikacin. Sheep had the highest number of sensitive isolates, and the number of sensitive isolates was dramatically lower in cattle and buffalo. There were no sensitive isolates with the antibiotic metronidazole, and there was a low number of sensitive isolates with duricef. The other antibiotics had more sensitive isolates (gentamicin = ciprofloxacin = amikacin > streptomycin = piperacillin > erythromycin > vancomycin = cefoperazone = cefotaxime > roxithromycin > polymyxin > chloramphenicol). The number of sensitive isolates of the different ruminant species for …

Comparison Of Two Dark Chocolate And Their Effect On Blood Pressure, Melissa A. Foor

Masters Theses

This study was designed to determine if dark chocolate helps lower blood pressure and if the concentration of the dark chocolate varies the result. Currently, one in four Americans has high blood pressure. The recommended treatment may include medicine or a diet referred to as DASH or Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension. This study followed a within-subjects design having all participants receive each type of dark chocolate. Twenty-seven participants started the study to measure their blood pressure while consuming dark chocolate for a week at a time. Results showed that Hershey's Special Dark Chocolate did not lower blood pressure significantly …

Substance Abuse In Older Adults: An Exploratory Study, Rachael Hawn

Masters Theses

The increasing number of older adults in the United States, due in part to the Baby Boomer generation, means that there is also an increase in the number of older adults dealing with substance abuse problems. The compounded effects of multiple legal medications with alcohol, illicit drugs, or abused prescription drugs on the withdrawal process are likely to make delineating between legitimate medication side effects and withdrawal symptoms incredibly difficult for medical professionals working with older adults. With the average older adult legally using 17 medications from nine different medical professionals, the physical effects of substance abuse might easily go …

Differences In Mental Health Treatment Recommendations For Older And Younger Adults, Michelle M. Smith

Masters Theses

Failure to meet geriatric mental health needs is increasingly problematic. Research indicates that the problem is not simply a matter of insufficient numbers of mental health practitioners (MHPs), but also ageist attitudes and lack of knowledge about and training with older adults. The current study reviews the literature regarding knowledge about older people, education and training that mental health professionals receive, and the attitudes that are held by mental health professionals. The study also assessed for differences in treatment recommendations that MHP made for older versus younger clients, investigated whether MHP knowledge about the mental health of older adults, attitudes …

Pre-Meal To-Go Boxes: Implications For Portion Control, Margaret J. Schuster

Masters Theses

Title: Pre-Meal To-Go Boxes: Implications for Portion Control

Authors: M. J. Schuster, BS; T. L. Brooks, PhD, RD; J.E. Painter, PhD, RD; C. Honselman, PhD, RD

Introduction: Obesity rates are increasing and seem to be correlated with increasing portion sizes of restaurant meals because of consumer desire for value. The purpose of this study was to determine if using a pre-meal to-go box has an impact on customers' total food intake of a restaurant meal.

Methods: Subjects were a convenience sample of adults (n=49) at a spaghetti dinner. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive approximately 18 ounces of spaghetti and …

Articulatory Kinematics Of Alternating And Sequential Motion Rate Diadochokinesis, Jeffrey J. Berry, Scott Palahniuk, Emily Isaksson, Marki Romenesko

Speech Pathology and Audiology Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Treatment-Induced Breast Cancer Dormancy And Relapse, Rebecca Keim

Theses and Dissertations

When breast tumor cells encounter stress due to cancer therapies, they may enter a dormant state, escaping from treatment-induced apoptosis. Dormant cells may eventually regain proliferative capabilities and cause recurrent metastatic disease, which is the leading cause of mortality in breast cancer patients. We sought to determine if a high dose of radiation therapy (RT) or combined chemo-immunotherapy, with and without the blockade of autophagy by chloroquine (CQ), could overcome treatment-induced tumor dormancy or relapse. We found that autophagy contributes in part to treatment-induced tumor dormancy. We also found that three therapeutic strategies were successful in inhibiting or preventing tumor …

Epigenetic Alterations Of Toll-Like Receptors By Tet2 In Spontaneous Preterm Labor, Anuja Chumble

Theses and Dissertations

Increasing evidence implicates the presence of bacteria in intrauterine tissues as an important risk factor for spontaneous preterm labor. Epigenetic alterations of innate immunity genes may increase the mother’s sensitivity to subclinical levels of bacteria. This study examined the presence of TET2, TLR-2, and TLR-9 in intrauterine tissue, and evaluated whether epigenetic alterations of these genes, as well as IL-8, changed their expression in human decidual tissue and a macrophage cell culture. Immunohistochemicalstaining was used to detect the presence of these proteins in intrauterine tissue. Gene expression changes were evaluated in stimulated monocytes and macrophages. Fluorescence immunohistochemistry was used to …

Application Of Marginal Structural Models In Pharmacoepidemiologic Studies, Shibing Yang

Theses and Dissertations

Background: Inverse-probability-of-treatment-weighted estimation (IPTW) of marginal structural models was proposed to adjust for time-varying confounders that are influenced by prior treatment use. It is unknown whether pharmacoepidemiologic studies that applied IPTW conformed to the recommendations proposed by methodological studies. In addition, no previous study has compared the performance of different analytic strategies adopted in IPTW analyses. Objectives: This project aims 1) to review the reporting practice of pharmacoepidemiologic studies that applied IPTW, 2) to compare the validity and precision of several approaches to constructing weight, 3) to use IPTW to estimate the effectiveness of glucosamine and chondroitin in treating osteoarthritis. …

Characterization Of Putative Porphyromonas Gingivalis Rna-Binding Proteins, Holly Dwyer

Theses and Dissertations

Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is a gram-negative, anaerobic bacterium recognized as a major player in progression of periodontal disease. P. gingivalis survives in the oral cavity while being exposed to dynamic environmental conditions such as pH, temperature, nutrient availability and host immune responses such as oxygen tension and nitrosative stress. Survival and pathogenesis of P. gingivalis in the oral cavity require mechanisms to regulate gene expression in response to the extracellular signals. Little is known about the regulatory mechanisms of P. gingivalis in the oral cavity, so it is important to investigate and characterize these regulatory mechanisms. Adaptation to environmental …