Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Using Enspira™ To Improve Fiber Digestion, Jana L. Harding, Galen E. Erickson, James C. Macdonald Donald

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Two experiments evaluated the effectof treating various feedstuffs with an enzyme(Enspira) on digestibility. Twelve feeds commonly fed to beef cattle were treated with four levels of the enzyme(0, 0.25, 0.50, or 0.75 lb of enzyme per ton of DM). Enzyme treatment increased in vitro DMD of high moisture corn (HMC), wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS), corn bran, and husks. There was a quadratic increasein gas production for corn leaves, as well as a linear increase in gas production for corn bran treated with increasing levels of Enspira. Treating feeds with the commercial enzyme Enspiraimproved in vitro digestibility of feeds …

Dryland Cover Crops As A Grazing Option For Beef Cattle, Alex H. Titlow, Jake A. Hansen, Matt K. Luebbe Luebbe, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Karla H. Jenkins

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A two-year grazing study was conducted to evaluate forage quality and utilization of cover crops (CC) in dryland cropping systems compared to crested wheatgrass pastures (CWP). The CC mixture consisted of oats, peas and turnips planted in March with a no-till drill. Both CC and CWP were grazed during the month of June. Total tract dry matter digestibility and CP were greater for CC compared to CWP while NDF and ADF of CC were less. The CC was observed to have greater forage quality over both years and may produce similar amounts of forage as crested wheatgrass pastures allowing deferred …

Effect Of Irrigation Allocation On Perennial Grass Production And Quality, Gary W. Hergert, Karla H. Jenkins, James Margheim Margheim, Alex Pavlista, Rex Nielsen, Murali Darapuneni

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Cool-season grass mixtures and warm-season grass mixtures were evaluated in 2010, 2011, and 2012 under varying irrigation levels to determine dry matter yield, CP, and TDN for beef cattle in the Nebraska Panhandle. As a generalization, when seasonal precipitation was average, irrigation levels over 10 inches resulted in no significant increase in either grass production or quality. Cool-season grasses produced more dry matter yield and maintained greater CP and TDN than warm-season grasses. In all three years, a mixture of wheatgrasses had greater forage yield than an orchardgrass monoculture or a mixture dominated by bromegrasses. In 2010 and 2011, treatments …

Effect Of Distillers Grains Supplementation On Calves Grazing Irrigated Or Non-Irrigated Corn Residue, Mandi Jones, James C. Macdonald, Galen Erickson Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Andrea K. Watson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Steer calves grazing irrigated or non-irrigated corn residue received supplementation of dried or modified distillers grains plus solubles (DGS) at 0.3, 0.7, or 1.1% of BW . Steers were individually supplemented daily through Calan gates. Daily gain improved quadratically with increasing supplementation (1.55 lb/day to 2.12 lb/day) and for calves grazing non-irrigated (2.02 lb/day) compared to irrigated (1.77 lb/day) corn residue. Feeding dry instead of modified DGS did not significantly impact ADG. Supplementing DGS to calves grazing corn residue increased gain during the winter period.

Nutrient And Tenderness Differences Of Beef From Heifers Due To Mutation Of The Myostatin Genehypothesized, Michelle E. Semler, Chris R. Calkins, Galen E. Erickson Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Strip loins and eye of rounds were obtained from heifers genotyped with variations of the myostatin gene; 19 homozygous dominant (Angus), 20 heterozygous dominant (Angus x Piedmontese), and 20 homozygous recessive (Piedmontese). Steaks were aged for 14 days, cooked fresh (never frozen), and nutrient steaks were frozen three days postmortem. Meat from homozygous recessive heifers was equal in tenderness to homozygous dominant and heterozygous dominant heifers. Fat content of meat from homozygous recessive heifers decreased while moisture and protein increased compared to homozygous dominant and heterozygous dominant. Calorie content decreased with increasing copies of the recessive gene. Thus, meat from …

Effect Of Feeding De-Oiled Wet Distillers Grains Plus Solubles On Beef Fatty Acid Profiles, Katherine I. Domenech, Kim A. Varnold, Michelle E. Semler Semler, Michael D. Chao, Tommi F. Jones, Galen E. Erickson, Chris R. Calkins

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A total of 336 steers were fed one of seven finishing diets: a corn-based control, 35%, 50%, or 65% inclusion of wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS), either traditional (full-fat) or de-oiled. At harvest, 15 low USDA Choice carcasses within each dietary treatment (n = 105) were selected to evaluate the effect of diet on the fatty acid profile of strip loin steaks aged seven days. Feeding WDGS increased the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in comparison to a corn based diet. Feeding de-oiled WDGS resulted in less PUFA’s than the full-fat WDGS diets. It seems that the removal …

Effects Of Feeding Distillers Grains In A Yearling Beef System On Meat Quality, Kelby M. Sudbeck, Kimberly A. Varnold, James C. Macdonald Donald, Chris R. Calkins, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Distillers grains use while wintering on cornstalks during summer grazing and during the finishing period was evaluated to determine the effects of lifetime exposure to distillers grains on meat characteristics. Finishing diets with distillers grains increased discoloration in steaks following six days of retail display for steaks aged seven days, and after four days of retail display for steaks aged 21 days. Supplementation during summer grazing increased discoloration when cattle were not finished using distillers grains. There were no differences in oxidative rancidity among dietary treatments. Supplementing with distillers grains prior to finishing was not additive in impacting the color …

Effect Of Natural Antioxidant Concentration On Lipid Oxidation Of Ready-To-Eat Ground Beef Links From Cattle Fed Distillers Grains In Different Phases Of Production, Brandy D. Cleveland, Joe O. Buntyn, Amy L. Redfield Redfield, James C. Macdonald, Galen E. Erickson, Tommi F. Jones, Ty B. Schmidt, Gary A. Sullivan

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Shelf life of cooked ground beef links with no, low, or high concentrations of a blend of natural plant extract antioxidant were compared to evaluate lipid oxidation over time. When no antioxidants were added, samples stored nine days or beyond were more oxidized than the samples with the addition of an antioxidant. No differences in lipid oxidation were observed between 0.13% and 0.20% antioxidant concentrations during similar days of refrigerated storage days. Therefore, the addition of natural antioxidants were effective at reducing oxidative rancidity, regardless the concentration of antioxidant.

Lipid Oxidation In Cooked Ground Beef Links From Cattle Fed Distillers Grains In Different Phases Of Production, Brandy D. Cleveland, Joe O. Buntyn, Amy L. Redfield Redfield, James C. Macdonald, Galen E. Erickson, Tommi F. Jones, Ty B. Schmidt, Gary A. Sullivan

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Ground beef links from cattle fed high or low levels of distillers grains during backgrounding and Sweet Bran^® or modified wet distillers grains in finishing diets were compared to analyze oxidation over time. Ready-to-eat beef links from cattle fed 5 lb/head/day (DM basis) of wet distillers grains during backgrounding had greater oxidative rancidity with extended storage than those from cattle fed 2 lb/head/day (DM basis). Beef links from cattle finished with wet distillers grains oxidized more rapidly than those fed Sweet Bran. Therefore, cooked beef from cattle fed distillers grains during either phase of production (backgrounding or finishing) showed …

Replacement Of Grazed Forage And Animal Performance When Distillers Grains Are Fed In A Bunk Or On The Ground On Summer Range, Kari L. Gillespie, L. Aaron Stalker, Terry J. Klopfenstein Klopfenstein, Jerry D. Volesky, Jacki A. Musgrave

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Forage savings and supplement loss caused by feeding on the ground were estimated when spayed yearling heiferswere fed modified distillers grains with solubles (MDGS) while grazing Sandhills summer range. Across two years, heifers fed 0.6% BW MDGS had 1.39 lb greater ADG and consumed approximately 17% less forage than non-supplemented heifers. Calculated loss of MDGS when fed on the ground was 5.6%. Supplementing MDGS decreased forage consumption approximately 17% and increased summer gains.

Effects Of Dietary Change On Viral-Bacterial Interactions In The Rumen Of Cattle, Christopher L. Anderson, Melissa L. Jolly, Adam L. Shreck Shreck, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Samodha C. Fernando

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

This ongoing study investigates the impact of diet and bacteriophage activity on the structuring of rumen microbial community composition and diversity. Fistulated cattle were acclimated to a given diet for 21 days before samples were collected and subsequently enriched for viral particles with tangential flow filtration. Taxonomic identification, abundance, and functional attributes were assigned to both bacterial and viral communities. Principle coordinate analysis of the bacterial communities revealed significant clustering based on diet. While diet drives the structuring of rumen bacterial communities, bacteriophages may maintain high, constant bacterial diversity.

Effect Of Micro-Aid® Supplementation On Nitrogen Losses From Manure, Andrea K. Watson, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein Klopfenstein, Mike J. Rincker

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A 2x2 factorial designed experiment was used to study the effects of Micro-Aid and time on OM and N losses from manure, in a simulated feedlot pen setting. Manure was collected from cattle on a common diet, except for the addition of 1 g Micro-Aid /steer daily. Losses of OM were greater at 60 d than 30 d, and greater for control than Micro-Aid. Nitrogen losses at d 30 were similar between treatments but control pans had greater N losses at d 60. Feeding Micro-Aid to cattle may inhibit N volatilization from manure, enhancing the fertilizer value of manure.

The Effects Of Diet And Cooler Aging On Consumer Panel Scores For Beef, Kimberly A. Varnold, Chris R. Calkins, Rhonda K. Miller Miller, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Crossbred steers (n = 64) grazed warm- or cool-season grasses, without or with energy supplementation of wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS), and were finished on a corn-based diet with or without 35% WDGS. Finishing cattle on WDGS, especially after beingsupplemented with WDGS, caused declinesin flavor desirability scores of L. dorsi steaks. Conversely, grass type was more influential in B. femoris steaks with warm-season grasses generating lower consumer panel scores. Scores were not different from each other when supplementation was provided. It is recommended that producers provide WDGS supplementation and finish on an all-corn diet in order to create the …

The Effects Of Diet On The Biochemical Constituents Of Beef, Kimberly A. Varnold, Chris R. Calkins, Brandon L. Nuttelman Nuttelman, Lasika S. Senaratne-Lenagala, Justine J. Stevenson, Michelle E. Semler, Michael D. Chao, Tommi F. Jones, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Crossbred steers (n = 64) were grazed on warm- or cool-season grasses, without or with energy supplementation of wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS), and were finished on a corn-based diet with or without 35% WDGS. Grass-type was the major contributor in determining the biochemical composition of L. dorsi steaks, with warm-season grasses causing increased concentrations of moisture and zinc and decreased concentrations of magnesium. Aging 28 days instead of 7 days increased pH and caused an increased concentration of carbohydrates, and non-heme and heme iron in B. femoris steaks. Diet, especially grass type, during grazing, can alter the end …

Grass Type, Grazing Supplementation, And Finishing Diets Affect Beef Fatty Acids, Kimberly A. Varnold, Chris R. Calkins, Brandon L. Nuttelman Nuttelman, Lasika S. Senaratne-Lenagala, Tommi F. Jones, Timothy P. Carr, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Crossbred steers (n = 64) were grazed on warm- or cool-season grasses, without or with energy supplementation of wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS), and were finished on a corn-based diet with or without 35% WDGS. Grass type was the major contributor in determining the fatty acid profile, especially in the neutral lipid layer. Warm-season grasses decreased concentrations of most fatty acids compared to cool-season grasses. The provision of WDGS as an energy supplement while grazing dissipated any differences caused by grass type.

Vein Steak Differences In Strip Loins Of Heifers Due To Mutation Of The Myostatin Gene, Michelle E. Semler, Chris R. Calkins, Galen E. Erickson Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Strip loins from heifers with variations of the myostatin gene; 19 homozygous dominant (Angus), 20 heterozygous dominant (Angus x Piedmontese), and 20 homozygous recessive (Piedmontese) were studied. Strip loins were cut into 1-inch thick steaks and total number of steaks and number of steaks with Gluteusmedius (often called vein steaks) were recorded. Strip loins from heterozygous dominant heifershad a greater number of non-vein steaks and decreased percentage of vein steaks compared to homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive samples. Differences in percentage of vein steaks were inconsistent and showed no meaningful pattern.

Effect Of Feeding Distillers Grains And Supplementing With Dietary Antioxidants On Ground Beef Color During Retail Display, Brandy D. Cleveland, Chad G. Bower, Amy L. Redfield Redfield, Gary A. Sullivan

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Ground beef patties from cattle fed corn-based diets with no wet distillers grains (control), wet distillers grains (WDGS), WDGS + 1000 IU/head/day vitamin E, WDGS + 150 ppm/head/day, Ethoxyquin/TBHQ (Agrado Plus, Novus International, St. Louis, Mo.), or WDGS + 500 IU/head/day vitamin E + 150 ppm/head/day Ethoxyquin/TBHQ during the finishing phase were compared to analyze color stability during retail display. As display time increased, patties from all dietary treatments had greater discoloration and became darker, less red, and more yellow. Therefore, beef patties discolored during retail display, but the rate and degree of discoloration were unaffected by diet or antioxidant …

Effect Of Distillers Grains Plus Solubles Supplementation On Grazing Cattle Performance, Tyler L. Hasenauer, Terry J. Klopfenstein, James C. Macdonald Donald, Cody J. Schneider, Dirk B. Burken

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Yearlings rotationally grazing smooth bromegrass were individually supplemented modified distillers grains plus solubles (MDGS) at .05, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8% BW. Gain increased quadratically as MDGS level increased. Maximal ADG (2.95 lb/d) was predicted when supplementing level of 0.48% of BW. Economic analysis compared 0, 2, and 5 lb (DM) MDGS supplementation. When cattle ownership was retained through the feeding period, MDGS supplementation was profitable. Supplementation at 2 lb (DM) was more profitable than 5 lb (DM) when MDGS is above $265.63/ton (DM) or 85% the price of $7.50 /bu corn.

Use Of Femoral Nail With Spiral Blade In Subtrochanteric Fractures, Masood Umer, Haroon Rashid, Idrees Shah, Irfan Qadir

Section of Orthopaedic Surgery

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of acute subtrochanteric fractures managed with intramedullary nail and spiral blade fixation of the proximal fragment.
Methods: Charts of 33 patients (17 males and 16 females) with acute subtrochanteric fractures operated with intramedullary nail and spiral blade at our institution between March 2006 and February 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. The most common (67%) mechanism of injury was ground-level fall, predominantly involving elderly patients. Results were evaluated in terms of union time, implant failure rate, infection rate and functional outcome.
Results: Mean duration of surgery was 2.4 hours and average …

Women’S Perception And Attitude Towards Male Dominancy And Controlling Behaviors, Tazeen S. Ali, Noureen Karamali, Omer Malik

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Introduction/Background: The study was conducted in urban Karachi, Pakistan to investigate women’s perceptions and attitudes towards male dominancy, female autonomy, and controlling behavior of husbands.
Method: This was investigated in a population based study with a cross-sectional design, involving married women aged 25 to 60 years. A Structured questionnaire developed by World Health Organisation (WHO) on violence was used. Community midwives interviewed these married women living in pre-selected low, middle and upper socio-economic areas of urban Karachi, Pakistan.
Findings: This study revealed women’s overall perception regarding male dominancy and controlling behavior and highlighted this attitude, as being …

Refusal To Autopsy: A Societal Practice In Pakistan Context, Laila Akber Cassum

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Autopsies or post-mortem examinations have become a common practice in Western medicine for verifying the cause of death, and to obtain additional scientific information on certain diseases. In monotheistic religions autopsies present several ethical questions even though the advantages attributed to post-mortems in the West are well acknowledged by people living in this modern world. In Islamic Republic of Pakistan where Islam is the prevailing religion followed by the Muslims, Pakistani society have diverse perception, assumptions and hypothesis on the concept of autopsy. This presumption is due to presence of diverse objections raised in religious and sociocultural context. In our …

Complementary And Alternative Medicine In Oncology Nursing, Salima Somani, Fauziya Ali, Tazeen S. Ali, Nasreen Sulaiman Lalani

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has increased globally, particularly among oncology patients. This study investigated the knowledge, experience and attitudes of oncology nurses towards CAM. A quantitative study was conducted in tertiary care hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan, where 132 oncology nurses were surveyed. The survey revealed that more than 50% of nurses had never heard about many of the CAM therapies used in Pakistan. Approximately 65% of the nurses had knowledge about prayer and less than 30% had experience of CAM education or training. In addition, the majority of nurses had seen patients using CAM and felt that …

Associations Of Controlling Behavior, Physical And Sexual Violence With Health Symptoms, Tazeen S. Ali, Aamir Abbas, Fazal Ather

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Controlling behavior is often manifested as monitoring, coercing or threatening the partner. Globally, it has been experienced by the women (in range of 5.2% to 56.6%) and often results in their physical and mental ill health. To the best of our knowledge there is no published research on controlling behaviors. Therefore, a cross sectional study was conducted to measure the magnitude of the controlling behaviors and its association to some physical stress symptoms of women. The study was conducted in urban settings of Karachi, Pakistan, using simple random sampling technique. The data was collected by trained midwifes from the 759 …

Verbal Violence At Workplace: A Reality From Pakistani Context., Laila Akber Cassum

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Work place violence is the most distressing subject globally, and has been a concern for many decades affecting home and work environment.This cancer has even invaded health care sector worldwide. Nursing professionals whether they are at hospital or at academics institutions are subjected to violence. Although, it has been a burning issue, among nursing health care workers it has often gone unchecked, and people tend to accept it as the part of the system.

In this paper I would be discussing and deliberating that work place violence particularly verbal abuse is a serious matter and it can have negative consequences …

The Feasibility Of An Internet-Based Intervention For Chinese People With Mental Illness: A Survey Of Willingness And Attitude, Xiu-Y Yao, Zheng Li, David Arthur, Lili Hu, Gen Cheng

School of Nursing & Midwifery

Background: The easy accessibility, increasing usage, and low cost of internet make it a desirable way of providing health information and delivering interventions for health consumers. Studies in other countries have verified and confirmed the effectiveness of internet-based interventions among people with mental health problems. Similar programs have yet to commence in China. Purpose: This study investigated the willingness for, and attitude toward internet-based intervention in Chinese mental health service users and explored the feasibility of such an intervention.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey utilizing a self-developed questionnaire was administered to 186 mental health service users in Beijing, …

Self-Reported Attitudes And Behaviours Of Medical Students In Pakistan Regarding Academic Misconduct: A Cross-Sectional Study, Kulsoom Ghias, Ghulam Rehmani Lakho, Hamna Asim, Iqbal Syed Azam, Sheikh Abdul Saeed

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Background: Honesty and integrity are key attributes of an ethically competent physician. However, academic misconduct, which includes but is not limited to plagiarism, cheating, and falsifying documentation, is common in medical colleges across the world. The purpose of this study is to describe differences in the self-reported attitudes and behaviours of medical students regarding academic misconduct depending on gender, year of study and type of medical institution in Pakistan.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted with medical students from one private and one public sector medical college. A pre-coded questionnaire about attitudes and behaviours regarding plagiarism, lying, cheating and …

A Feasibility Study Of Motivational Interviewing For Health Risk Behaviors Among Thai Youth Living With Hiv, Chokechai Rongkavilit, Sylvie Naar-King, Juline Koken, Torsak Bunupuradah, Xinguang Chen, Pichai Saengcharnchai, Apirudee Panthong, Jeffrey T. Parsons

Publications and Research

Thailand is among the few less-developed countries with successful HIV prevention among segments of the population (National AIDS Prevention and Alleviation Committee, 2010). However, the success of HIV prevention among Thai adolescents and young adults has been questionable. The highest percentage of Thai persons with AIDS remain in the age group of 25–34 years, indicating that the time of greatest HIV acquisition has occurred in adolescence and young adulthood (Thai Working Group on HIV/AIDS, 2010). Most Thai youth living with HIV (TYLH) acquire HIV through sexual contact (National AIDS Prevention and Alleviation Committee, 2010). In a study of TYLH, only …

"Synthesis Of 4-Aryl-6-Indolylpyridine-3-Carbonitriles And Evaluation Of Their Antiproliferative Activity" Data Files, Naglaa Salem El-Sayed, Amir Nasrolahi Shirazi, Magda Goda El-Meligy, Ahmed Kamel El-Ziaty, Zenat Adeeb Nagib, Keykavous Parang

Pharmacy Faculty Data Sets

No abstract provided.

Severe Depressive Symptoms Predict Individual And Partner Infertility-Related Distress At One-Year Follow-Up, Brennan Peterson, Camilla Sejbaek, Matthew Pirritano, Lone Schmidt

Marriage and Family Therapy Faculty Presentations

Poster presentation on whether severe depressive symptoms at baseline are a predictor of individual and partner infertility-related distress after one-year of unsuccessful fertility treatments.

Longitudinal Change In Regional Cortices And Fluid Intelligence, Peng Yuan

Wayne State University Dissertations

Fluid intelligence (Gf) and crystalized intelligence (Gc) are two factors of the general intelligence. They have distinct age-related trajectories of change. Jung and Haier proposed Parieto-Frontal Integration Theory (P-FIT, 2007) to account for the inter-person variance in reasoning intelligence. Some brain regions such as prefrontal, parietal, temporal and anterior cingulate cortices were included in the P-FIT model and were hypothesized to be involved in fluid reasoning task. Therefore, in the current study, we examined latent growth curves (LGC) of longitudinal change in Gf, Gc, prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex, anterior cingulate, temporal cortex and primary visual cortex. Forty-six healthy middle-aged and …