Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Weight-Loss Interventions Performed To Reduce The Risk Of Obesity-Related Complications, Victoria Stephanie Stewart

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The management of obesity before a woman conceives is one of the most effective efforts a woman can take in decreasing her risk of obesity-related complications during pregnancy. Evidence supports the idea that maternal obesity influences maternal and fetal outcomes, leading to maternal and fetal morbidities. Physicians acknowledge the importance of screening women for obesity, but many do not refer patients for weight-loss therapy. In this study, the health belief model was used to explore the associations between participants' obesity risk of complications during pregnancy, the number of weight-loss interventions they attempted to implement prior to pregnancy, and how they …

Grounded Labels From The Behavioral International Economic Development Growth Path Model On Economic Development Patterns From 2002-2012, Kenneth Thomas Davis

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Economic models generally fail to adequately measure positive and negative growth paths in development through agrarian, industry, and service economies. The purpose of this grounded theory study was to design a new model that could accommodate both directions of growth and better measure development paths with particular attention to labors contributions. The theoretical foundation for this study was Walt Whitman Rostow's 5 economic stages of growth classifications. This Study attempted to find the most common economic growth path. While most development models use three to five classifications, this study used nine new classifications giving it a unique and specific look …

Academic Factors That Contribute To Pre-Licensure Nursing Student Persistence, Cecilia Flores

Nursing Dissertations - Archive

The need for registered nurses is expected to grow exponentially in the next decade. As nurses retire and more Americans access the healthcare system, more than 400,000 nurses will be needed nationally (Auerbach, Buerhaus, &Staiger, 2011). Based on projections, by 2020, approximately 25,000 nursing students will need to graduate to the meet the state's need for nurses; in 2013, slightly more than 11, 000 candidates took NCLEX after successfully completing their nursing program (Texas Board of Nursing, 2014). Currently 70% of students admitted to a nursing program in Texas do not persist and graduate (Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board [THECB], …

Triglyceride/High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio As A Screening Tool For Insulin Resistance In U.S. Adolescents, 12-19 Years Of Age, Constance Elaine Cephus

Nursing Dissertations - Archive

Background: Insulin resistance appears to be a metabolic process that occurs prior to the onset of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. A screening tool for insulin resistance may help clinicians determine which adolescents need intensive lifestyle modification to decrease risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes.Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance characteristics of the TG/HDL ratio when used to assess risk of insulin resistance in U.S. adolescents.Methods: A secondary analysis of 2011-2012 data for adolescents (12-19 years of age) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was conducted to evaluate the performance characteristics …

Dr. Seishu Hanaoka (1760-1835): Surgeon, Pharmacist, And Anesthesiologist., Drew L. Kotler, B.A., Hitoshi Hirose, Md, Charles J. Yeo, Md, Scott W. Cowan, Md

Department of Surgery Gibbon Society Historical Profiles

The notion of decreasing pain in surgery stretches back thousands of years with alcohol noted as one of the first anesthetics. Natural elements including coca and opium have been used by various civilizations in an attempt to mute the searing pain of surgery. By the 16th century, physicians around the world began to experiment with nitrous oxide and ether, providing the groundwork for the future of modern anesthesia. The successful application of general anesthesia in surgery was first documented in 1804 by Dr. Seishu Hanaoka (Fig. 1) in Wakayama, Japan, during a breast lumpectomy. During the case, Dr. Hanaoka served …

Isprm Discussion Paper: Proposing A Conceptual Description Of Health-Related Rehabilitation Services., Thorsten Meyer, Christoph Gutenbrunner, Carlotte Kiekens, Dimitrios Skempes, John L Melvin, Kuno Schedler, Marta Imamura, Gerold Stucki

Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Faculty Papers

There is a need for a comprehensive classification system of health-related rehabilitation services. For conceptual clarity our aim is to provide a health-related conceptual description of the term "rehabilitation service". First, we introduce a common understanding of the term "rehabilitation", based on the current definition in the World Health Organization's World Report on Disability, and a conceptual description of rehabilitation agreed upon by international Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine organizations. From a health perspective, rehabilitation can be regarded as a general health strategy with the aim of enabling persons with health conditions experiencing or likely to experience disability to achieve and …

The Role Of The Nurse In Family Coping After Miscarriage, Wesley Hannebaum

Celebration of Undergraduate & Graduate Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activities Materials

When a miscarriage occurs, it affects the entire family unit, making coping an important part of healing during this time. After miscarriage, women are at increased risk for developing mental disorders such as anxiety and depression. Miscarriage is seldom seen as a concern for the father of the lost child, and thus their feelings are often ignored. It is important for the nurse to know how to best help these men, women, and the rest of the involved family cope after miscarriage so they can move on in a healthy way. The following is a review of the literature to …

Health Care Avoidance Among Rural Populations: Results From A Nationally Representative Survey, Angela M. Spleen, Eugene J. Lengerich, Fabian T. Camacho, Robin C. Vanderpool

Health, Behavior & Society Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Previous research suggests that certain populations, including rural residents, exhibit health care avoidant behaviors more frequently than other groups. Additionally, health care avoidance is related to sociodemographics, attitudes, social expectations, ability to pay for care, and prior experiences with providers. However, previous studies have been limited to specific geographic areas, particular health conditions, or by analytic methods.

METHODS: The 2008 Health Information Trends Survey (HINTS) was used to estimate the magnitude of health care avoidance nationally and, while controlling for confounding factors, identify groups of people in the United States who are more likely to avoid health care. Chi-square …

Prevalence And Prevention Of The Female Athlete Triad, Elizabeth Dachenhaus

Honors Projects

A study was composed to analyze the three components of the female athlete triad: disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis. The cyclic behavior of these three components and determination of which of the pillars of the triad is the most dangerous was also focused on. In order to test the prevalence of disordered eating among women’s collegiate teams, a brief survey was distributed and analyzed among athletes at Bowling Green State University. In addition to confirming that women in aesthetic sports experience a greater amount of disordered eating on the team, the survey also identified women that participated in sports perceived …

Factors That Influence Undergraduate Communication Sciences And Disorders Students’ Clinical Preferences, Amanda Fry

Honors Projects

The purpose of the current study was to explore factors that influence undergraduate students’ clinical preferences. Specifically, the study examined the factors that may relate to undergraduate communication sciences students’ knowledge of, and interest in working with older adults. Undergraduate students in communication sciences programs from across Ohio were recruited for participation for an online survey. Data from 152 undergraduate students’ from 7 universities and colleges in Ohio were evaluated using descriptive statistics and Pearson Correlation Coefficients. Results indicate that participants had knowledge of older adults and the adult lifespan, but did not feel prepared to demonstrate this knowledge in …

The Effects That Liquid And Solid Cattle Manure Have On The Water Quality Of Drainage Ditches In Putnam County, Ohio, Janelle Horstman

Honors Projects

Lake Erie has experienced harmful algal blooms with increased frequency since the mid-1990s due to excess nutrients from Rivers, such as the Maumee River, and largely agricultural watersheds. Nonpoint source pollution from agriculture contributes to eutrophication, algal blooms, and the degradation of water quality. This creates stress on aquatic fauna, reduced aesthetic quality, odor, and limits of the water for usage of drinking, recreation, and industry. This research paper asks what the contributions of having access to manure application records, soil records, and information about antibiotics have on what is known about manure management and antibiotic resistance, which has been …

Testing The Health And Exercise Knowledge Of Bowling Green State University Students, Veronica Rasicci

Honors Projects

Obesity has reached epidemic proportions and the problem is only continuing to grow (Flegal, 2006). Young adult college students are at a time in their lives where behaviors can more easily change than during other ages. They also are at a point in their lives where their current behaviors will influence the habits that they continue into later adulthood (Racette, Deusinger, Strube, & Highstein, 2012). Education is one way to promote healthy changes by college students. It is important to find out what knowledge of health and exercise college students already have. I developed a questionnaire with content-related validity and …

Injured Athletes' Preferences Regarding Source Of Emotional Support, Kristin Kutz

Honors Projects

Athletes often experience emotional distress as a result of an injury. Feelings of loss, decreased self-esteem, frustration, and anger are not uncommon. Athletic trainers (ATs) who work with injured athletes are focused on helping the progression of athletes' physical healing, but their role in helping athletes emotionally and psychologically is often unclear. There are twelve Athletic Training Education Competencies that the National Athletic Training Association requires to be taught to undergraduate AT students, one of them being psychosocial intervention and referral. However, little research has been done to define the exact role of ATs in this area, as well as …

Evaluation Of Genomic Predictors For Red Angus Cattle, Stephen D. Kachman, Matthew L. Spangler

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Purebred Red Angus genotypes, via the Ilumina BovineSNP50 assay, and expected progeny differences (EPD) were used to evaluate the accuracy of genomic predictors for traits that are currently reportedthrough the American Red AngusAssociations’ National Cattle Evaluation. Two genomic predictors were evaluated, one derived using prediction equations from the National Beef Cattle Evaluation Consortium and the other from Zoetis.

Follicular Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A Expression Before And After The Lh Surge, Renee M. Mcfee, Robin A. Artac, Adam F. Summers, William E. Pohlmeier, Vanessa M. Brauer, Scott G. Kurz, Robert A. Cushman, Jennifer R. Wood, Andrea S. Cupp

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Granulosa cell expression of VEGFAisoforms in dominant bovine follicles was evaluated. Collection of granulosa cells via follicle aspiration revealed altered expression of the proangiogenic VEGFA_164 isoform but not the antiangiogenic VEGFA_164B isoform prior to and after the LH surge. Expression of VEGFA_164 declines as both the LH surge and ovulation approaches. In addition, VEGFA_164 and VEGFA_164B expression prior to the LH surge was positively correlated with FSHR and CYP19A1 expression, suggesting that VEGFA expression may be regulated by FSH. These data indicate differential expression of VEGFA isoforms may be an important feature of bovine dominant follicle development.

Androgen Excess In Beef Cows Results In Altered Theca Cell Gene Expression And Fertilityand, Adam F. Summers, William E. Pohlmeier, Vanessa M. Brauer Brauer, Kevin M. Sargent, Renee M. Mcfee, Scott G. Kurz, Robert A. Cushman, Jennifer R. Wood, Andrea S. Cupp

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Within the University of Nebraska–Lincoln physiology herd, two sub-populations of cows with different concentrations of androstenedione have been identified. Androstenedione is a precursor for estradiol production, and androstenedione concentration is increased 24.5-fold in the high androstenedione cows. Our objective was to determine the cause of increased androstenedione production in high androstenedione cows and the effects on theca cell and oocyte gene expression. High androstenedione cows had increased steroidogenic enzyme abundance in theca cells and altered oocyte mRNA abundance. Increased androgen production in high androstenedione cows is associated with altered gene expression and/or mRNA stability during oocyte growth and maturation, which …

Effect Of Pubertal Status And Number Of Estrous Cycles Prior To The Breeding Season On Pregnancy Rate In Beef Heifers, Rebecca A. Vraspir, Adam F. Summers, Andrew J. Roberts Roberts, Rick N. Funston

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate whether pubertal status and number of estrous cycles prior to breeding influences pregnancy rate in beef heifers. Pubertal heifers were heavier and older at the start of breeding and had greater AI and overall pregnancy rate than non-pubertal heifers. Second season pregnancy rate was greater for heifers reaching puberty prior to first breeding and for heifers having ≥ 2 estrouscycles prior to breeding compared with non-pubertal heifers. Pregnancy rate was greater for heifers achieving puberty prior to breeding; however, earlier onset of puberty did not significantly improve first pregnancy rates.

Economics Of Distillers Grains Supplementation In A Forage System With Spayed Heifers, Kari L. Gillespie, Terry J. Klopfenstein, James C. Macdonald Donald, Brandon L. Nuttelman, Cody J. Schneider, Galen Erickson, J. D. Volesky

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

In a two-year study, spayed heifer calves were backgrounded on cornstalks with 2 lb or 5 lb wet distillers grains with solubles supplemented daily. During the summer, heifers grazed native range and received no summer supplementation or were supplemented with modified distillers grains with solubles at 0.6% BW daily. Heifers were finished on a common regimen, and an economic scenario was applied to each phase of production and overall. Supplementing more in winter increased profit, but summer supplementation did not impact overall profitability. Numerically, heifers not supplemented during the summer were more profitable than supplemented heifers.

Effect Of Winter Supplementation Level On Yearling System Profit Across Economic Scenarios, Kari L. Gillespie, Terry J. Klopfenstein, James C. Macdonald Donald, Brandon L. Nuttelman, Cody J. Schneider

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Calves backgrounded in a forage–based, yearling system at a greater ADG maintained a performance advantage through finishing. High-level supplemented cattle gained an additional 0.18 lb daily during finishing and produced an additional 81 lb of saleable live weight compared to cattle backgrounded at a low-supplementation level. Across four economic scenarios with varying corn and distillers prices, high-level supplemented cattle returned $55.54 more than cattle fed a low level of supplementation during the winter backgrounding phase. Corn price would have to exceed $11.70/bu for high supplementation level to no longer be profitable.

Energy Value Of De-Oiled Modified Distillers Grains Plus Solubles In A Forage-Based Diet, Meredith L. Bremer, Andrea K. Watson, Dirk B. Burken Burken, James C. Macdonald, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Sixty individually fed steers were used to determine the effects of feeding de-oiled modified distillers grains plus solubles (MDGS) on steer performance in an 84-day forage-based growing study. De-oiled MDGS did not significantly alter performance when compared to normal MDGS if fed at the same concentration in growing diets. Inclusion of either de-oiled or normal MDGS at 40% of the diet resulted in improved ending BW, DMI, ADG, and F:G as compared to inclusion of 20% MDGS in the diet.

Effects Of Forage Quality, Mdgs, And Monensin On Performance, Methane Concentration, And Ruminal Fermentation Of Growing Cattle, Anna C. Pesta, Andrea K. Watson, Samodha Fernando Fernando, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A growing study was conducted to evaluate a novel method for measuring methane concentration by feedlot cattle, and to determine the effects of forage quality, inclusion of modified distillers grains plus solubles (MDGS), and presence or absence of monensin on performance, methane concentration, and rumen fermentation characteristics. Performance was improved by use of high-quality forage and MDGS, while response to monensin was variable across basal diet type. Response of methane concentration and volatile fatty acid (VFA) profile due to diet was variable and subject to multiple interactions, reflecting the complexity of the microbial processes involved within the rumen.

Effects Of Calf Age At Weaning On Cow And Calf Performance And Efficiency In A Drylot/Confinement Production System, Jason M. Warner, Karla H. Jenkins, Rick J. Rasby, Matt K. Luebbe, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

An ongoing study evaluated the effectsof calf age at weaning on cow and calf performance and reproduction in a confinement production system. Early-weaning improved cow BW at normal weaning. Pregnancy rates were not impacted by calf age at weaning. Dry matter intake was not different between early-weaned cows and calves compared with normal-weaned pairs. Feed requirements and energy utilization were equal between early- and normal-weaned pairs when fed a distillers grains and crop residue based diet.

Effects Of Winter Supplementation On Cow Performance And Post-Weaning Management On Steer And Heifer Progeny In A Late Spring Calving System, John D. Harms, Rick N. Funston, L. Aaron Stalker Stalker, Jacqueline A. Musgrave, Andrew F. Applegarth, Adam F. Summers

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of winter supplementation while grazing dormant Sandhills winter range or meadow on cow performance and the effects of post-weaning management on steer and heifer progeny. Winter treatment had no effect on cow BCS or BW at precalving, prebreeding, and weaning. Steers and heifers fed hay gained more BW during winter treatment compared to those grazing meadow, but post-weaning management had no subsequent effects on steer or heifer progeny.

Impact Of Supplemental Protein Source On Pregnant Beef Heifers, Adam F. Summers, T. L. Meyer, Michael F. Kirby Kirby, Jim R. Teichert, Rick N. Funston

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Crossbred, AI-pregnant heifers were fed in a Calan Broadbent individual feeding system for 110 days beginning at approximately day 142 of gestation. Heifers were offered ad libitum grass hay and no supplement, hay plus distillers based supplement, or hay plus dried corn gluten based supplement. Supplements were isocaloric, isonitrogenous, and equal in lipid content but differed in rumen undegradable protein. Protein supplementation increased DMI and ADG in pregnant heifers; however, calf birth BW and subsequent pregnancy rates were similar.

Preconception Distillers Grains Supplementation Improves Mature Beef Cow Return To Estrous, Adam F. Summers, Daniel M. Larson, Andrea S. Cupp Cupp

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

For three years, cows and first-calf heifers were supplemented two levels of RUP prior to breeding to determine the effect of RUP on reproductive efficiency and performance. Cows resumed estrous after being supplemented 30 days with distillers grains, but pregnancy rate was not different. First-calf heifer performance and reproductive efficiency was similar regardless of protein supplement offered. Protein supplements offered in this study did not impact cow BW, milk production, or progeny performance. More cows supplemented with distillers grains prior to the breeding season resumedluteal activity prior to breeding; however, pregnancy rates were similar.

Effects Of A Terminal Sorting System With Zilpaterol Hydrochloride On Feedlot Steers, F. Henry Hilscher, Dirk B. Burken, Brandon L. Nuttelman Nuttelman, Galen E. Erickson, Kathy Hanford, Kyle J. Vander Pol, John P. Hutcheson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Crossbred yearling steers were utilized to evaluate the effects of Zilpaterol hydrochloride (Zilmax^®) and terminal sorting 50 days prior to harvest on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. Four treatments were used: an unsorted group not fed Zilmax (–CON), an unsorted group fed Zilmax, sorting by weight into two market groups and fed Zilmax, or sorting by weight into four market groups and fed Zilmax (4-Sort). Carcass weight was increased in cattle fed Zilmax by 33 lb and was further increased by 9 lb by 4-SORT. Yield grade and marbling score were lower for all cattle fed Zilmax compared …

Effects Of Increasing Inclusion Of Wet Distillers Grains Plus Solubles With And Without Oil Extraction On Finishing Performance, Melissa L. Jolly, Brandon L. Nuttelman, Dirk Burken Burken, Cody J. Schneider, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A finishing study was conducted to assess the effects of feeding increasing amounts of wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS) with and without corn oil removal. Oil removal and WDGS inclusion did not interact. Compared to normal oil, de-oiled WDGS did not impact ADG, F:G, or carcass characteristics. Increasing inclusion of WDGS decreasedDMI and F:G linearly, with no change in ADG. Regardless of inclusion, oil removal via centrifugation had little impact on finishing cattle performance.

Optimum Inclusion Of Alkaline-Treated Cornstalks And Distillers Grains Fed To Calf-Fed Steers, Sarah J. Peterson, Brandon L. Nuttelman, Cody J. Schneider Schneider, Dirk B. Burken, James C. Macdonald, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A finishing study evaluated the effects of adding 10, 20 or 30% CaO treated cornstalks to diets containing either 20 or 40% (DM basis) modified distillersgrains (MDGS). Steers fed a diet containing 40% MDGS responded quadratically with 10 and 20% (DM basis) treated residue having equal and better F:G than feeding 30% treated stalks. However, cattle fed 20% MDGS did not respond as well to treated cornstalks with 10% treated stalks having the lowest F:G, but poorer than the control diet with 5% stalks and 20% MDGS.

Alkaline Treated Wheat Straw Or Corn Stover Fed To Growing Calves, Adam L. Shreck, Brandon L. Nuttelman, Cody J. Schneider Schneider, Dirk B. Burken, Casey N. Macken, William A. Griffin, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Four hundred sixty steer calves were fed CaO treated (5% of DM) or untreated wheat straw and corn stover with wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS) during a 69-day growing study. An interaction between crop residue and alkaline treatment was observed for ending BW and ADG. The relative response in ADG and ending BW due to alkaline treatment was greater for wheat straw compared to corn stover. Steers fed wheat straw diets had greater DMI and improved F:G compared to corn stover diets. Alkaline treatment increased DMI and improved F:G, although the F:G response was small. Growing calves on untreated …

Use Of Treated Corn Residues In Growing Diets, Sarah J. Peterson, Dirk B. Burken, James C. Macdonald Donald, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A growing study compared the effectsof pelleting corn residue and treating with calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide. All diets contained 60% corn residue, 36% distillers products, and 4% supplement (DM basis). Steers consuming pelleted diets had increased DMI, greater ending BW, but poorer F:G compared to non-pelleted treatments. Diets containing the chemically treated corn stover had increased ADG and lower F:G compared to the non-treated diets. While both pelleting and chemical treatment with CaO increased DMI, and ADG, only the use of CaO improved feed efficiency.