Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Documentation Of Hiv Prevention Research And Programmatic Learnings From India—Selected Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles And Key Highlights: 2013-2014 (Volume 2), Population Council

HIV and AIDS

Over the past decade (2001–11), there has been a steady decline in adult HIV prevalence in India as a result of evidence-based, intensive, and scaled HIV-prevention programs. Findings from the implementation of programs have been widely documented and have been published both as reports and peer-reviewed journal articles. In “Documentation of HIV Prevention Research and Programmatic Learnings from India,” Volume 2, we bring together recent articles published in peer-reviewed journals on the lessons learned from the HIV-prevention program in India. The document is divided into four thematic sections, and research highlights are presented at the start of each section. This …

Representative Robin L. Kelly Letter To Congress Re: Hr 4395, The Action For Dental Health Act Of 2014, American Dental Association

Action for Dental Health

No abstract provided.

Head Impact Exposure In Male And Female Collegiate Ice Hockey Players, Bethany J. Wilcox, Jonathan G. Beckwith, Richard M. Greenwald, Jeffrey J. Chu, Thomas W. Mcallister, Laura A. Flashman, Arthur C. Maerlender, Ann-Christine Duhaime, Joseph J. Crisco

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to quantify head impact exposure (frequency, location and magnitude of head impacts) for individual male and female collegiate ice hockey players and to investigate differences in exposure by sex, player position, session type, and team. Ninety-nine (41 male, 58 female) players were enrolled and 37,411 impacts were recorded over three seasons. Frequency of impacts varied significantly by sex (males: 287 per season, females: 170, p < 0.001) and helmet impact location (p < 0.001) but not by player position (p = 0.088). Head impact frequency also varied by session type; both male and female players sustained more impacts in games than in practices (p < 0.001), however the magnitude of impacts did not differ between session types. There was no difference in 95th percentile peak linear acceleration between sexes (males: 41.6 g, females: 40.8 g), but 95th percentile peak rotational acceleration and HITsp (a composite severity measure) were greater for males than females (4424, 3409 rad/s2, and 25.6, 22.3, respectively). Impacts to the back of the helmet resulted in the greatest 95th percentile peak linear accelerations for males (45.2 g) and females (50.4 g), while impacts to the side and back of the head were associated with the greatest 95th percentile peak rotational accelerations (males: 4719, 4256 rad/sec², females: 3567, 3784 rad/sec², respectively). It has been proposed that reducing an individual’s head impact exposure is a practical approach for reducing the risk of …

The Search For Novel Inhibitors Of The Mycobacterial Enoyl Reductase Inha, Esther Saul

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Isoniazid (INH), one of two first-line drugs used to treat tuberculosis (TB), has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of InhA, the mycobacterial enoyl reductase. However, the increasing resistance to INH makes it imperative to find alternative drugs that are as effective as the first-line drugs, yet active against INH-resistant strains. Since InhA has been validated as an excellent target of TB, there have been attempts to find novel inhibitors of InhA. Through rational drug design, a variety of high affinity InhA inhibitors were synthesized. Triclosan itself was observed to be a suboptimal inhibitor of InhA with a K …

Associations Between U.S. Adult Obesity And State And County Economic Conditions In The Recession, Qi Zhang, Rajan Lamichhane, Youfa Wang

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

This study examines the association between state and county unemployment rates and individuals' body weight status during the latest recession in the U.S. We used the U.S. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data in 2007, 2009 and 2011, which were collected from 722,692 American adults aged 18 or older. Overweight and obesity were defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥25, and ≥30, respectively. Multivariate linear and logistic regressions were applied to assess the association between BMI, risks of overweight and obesity, and state and county unemployment rates. State unemployment rates were negatively associated with individual BMI across years, while …

Hot Yoga Establishments In Local Communities Serving Pregnant Women: A Pilot Study On The Health Implications Of Its Practice And Environmental Conditions, Viann N. Nguyen-Feng, Steven L. Feng, Shilpa Babbar, Nicole Calloway Rankins, James D. Blando

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Hot yoga establishments have been increasing in popularity in local communities. Studios may support participation among pregnant women though no clinical studies currently exist that examine prenatal hot yoga effects. The pilot study described in this article aimed to assess the spread of prenatal hot yoga and to provide information on the environmental conditions and practices of those who engage in hot yoga within a local community. A thermal environment meter was used to measure ambient air conditions during three 90-minute hot yoga classes. Mothers who practiced prenatal hot yoga were more likely than non-hot yoga practitioners to have someone …

Emerging Biomarkers And Metabolomics For Assessing Toxic Nephropathy And Acute Kidney Injury (Aki) In Neonatology, M. Mussap, A. Noto, V. Fanos, John N. Van Den Anker

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Identification of novel drug-induced toxic nephropathy and acute kidney injury (AKI) biomarkers has been designated as a top priority by the American Society of Nephrology. Increasing knowledge in the science of biology and medicine is leading to the discovery of still more new biomarkers and of their roles in molecular pathways triggered by physiological and pathological conditions. Concomitantly, the development of the so-called “omics” allows the progressive clinical utilization of a multitude of information, from those related to the human genome (genomics) and proteome (proteomics), including the emerging epigenomics, to those related to metabolites (metabolomics). In preterm newborns, one of …

Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease: The Prototype Of The Hepato-Renal Fibrocystic Diseases, Lisa Guay-Woodford

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is a severe, typically early onset form of renal cystic disease. The care of ARPKD patients has traditionally been the purview of pediatric nephrologists for management of systemic hypertension and progressive renal insufficiency. However, the disease has multisystem manifestations and a comprehensive care strategy frequently requires a multidisciplinary team. In severely affected infants, the diagnosis often is first suspected by obstetricians when enlarged, echogenic kidneys and oligohydramnios are detected on prenatal ultrasounds. Neonatologists are central to the care of these infants, who may have respiratory compromise due to pulmonary hypoplasia and massively enlarged kidneys. …

The Association Of Plasma Biomarkers With Computed Tomography-Assessed Emphysema Phenotypes, Brendan J. Carolan, Grant Hughes, Jarrett Morrow, Craig P. Hersh, Wanda K. O'Neal, Stephen I. Rennard, Sreekumar G. Pillai, Paula Belloni, Debra A. Cockayne, Alejandro P. Comellas, Meilan Han, Rachel L. Zemans, Katerina Kechris, Russell P. Bowler

Journal Articles: Pulmonary & Critical Care Med

RATIONALE: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a phenotypically heterogeneous disease. In COPD, the presence of emphysema is associated with increased mortality and risk of lung cancer. High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans are useful in quantifying emphysema but are associated with radiation exposure and high incidence of false positive findings (i.e., nodules). Using a comprehensive biomarker panel, we sought to determine if there was a peripheral blood biomarker signature of emphysema.

METHODS: 114 plasma biomarkers were measured using a custom assay in 588 individuals enrolled in the COPDGene study. Quantitative emphysema measurements included percent low lung attenuation (%LAA) ≤ …

Randomized Study Of The Safety, Pharmacokinetics, And Bronchodilatory Efficacy Of A Proprietary Glycopyrronium Metered-Dose Inhaler In Study Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Stephen I. Rennard, Charles Fogarty, Colin Reisner, Carlos Fernandez, Tracy Fischer, Michael Golden, Earl St Rose, Patrick Darken, Gregory Tardie, Chadwick Orevillo

Journal Articles: Pulmonary & Critical Care Med

BACKGROUND: Bronchodilator medications are central to the symptomatic management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) are the most commonly used devices to deliver treatment to patients with COPD and asthma, comprising approximately 70% of bronchodilator prescriptions. Proprietary porous-particle technology permits the formulation of long-acting muscarinic antagonists, long-acting β2-agonists, and a combination of both in hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) MDIs, providing a solution to formulation challenges inherent to the development of HFA MDIs, which have contributed to the development of dry-powder inhalers.

METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind, 4-period, 6-treatment, placebo- and active-controlled, multicenter, crossover study, 4 ascending single doses of …

Analyzing Networks Of Phenotypes In Complex Diseases: Methodology And Applications In Copd, Jen-Hwa Chu, Craig P. Hersh, Peter J. Castaldi, Michael H. Cho, Benjamin A. Raby, Nan Laird, Russell Bowler, Stephen I. Rennard, Joseph Loscalzo, John Quackenbush, Edwin K. Silverman

Journal Articles: Pulmonary & Critical Care Med

BACKGROUND: The investigation of complex disease heterogeneity has been challenging. Here, we introduce a network-based approach, using partial correlations, that analyzes the relationships among multiple disease-related phenotypes.

RESULTS: We applied this method to two large, well-characterized studies of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We also examined the associations between these COPD phenotypic networks and other factors, including case-control status, disease severity, and genetic variants. Using these phenotypic networks, we have detected novel relationships between phenotypes that would not have been observed using traditional epidemiological approaches.

CONCLUSION: Phenotypic network analysis of complex diseases could provide novel insights into disease susceptibility, disease …

Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 91, No. 1, 2014)

Virginia Dental Journal

No abstract provided.

Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 91, No. 3, 2014)

Virginia Dental Journal

No abstract provided.

2014 Apothecary, Southwestern Oklahoma State University

Apothecary

This publication is dedicated to the Southwestern College of Pharmacy faculty, staff, alumni, and students. We congratulate this year's graduating seniors and wish you success in your professional careers.

It is with great honor we present the 2014 Apothecary issue. This year’s Apothecary was made possible by the provision of generous financial contributions from many stores, businesses, and Southwestern College of Pharmacy alumni. We greatly appreciate and thank you for your continued support.

Clinical And Computed Tomographic Predictors Of Chronic Bronchitis In Copd: A Cross Sectional Analysis Of The Copdgene Study, Victor Kim, Adam Davey, Alejandro P. Comellas, Meilan K. Han, George Washko, Carlos H. Martinez, David Lynch, Jin Hwa Lee, Edwin K. Silverman, James D. Crapo, Barry J. Make, Gerard J. Criner, The Copdgene® Investigators

Journal Articles: Pulmonary & Critical Care Med

BACKGROUND: Chronic bronchitis (CB) has been related to poor outcomes in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). From a clinical standpoint, we have shown that subjects with CB in a group with moderate to severe airflow obstruction were younger, more likely to be current smokers, male, Caucasian, had worse health related quality of life, more dyspnea, and increased exacerbation history compared to those without CB. We sought to further refine our clinical characterization of chronic bronchitics in a larger cohort and analyze the CT correlates of CB in COPD subjects. We hypothesized that COPD patients with CB would have thicker airways …

Culture, Caregiving, And Health: Exploring The Influence Of Culture On Family Caregiver Experiences, Jennifer Pharr, Carolee Dodge Francis, Christine Terry, Michele Clark

School of Public Health Faculty Research

Ethnic minorities are expected to experience a greater demand for family caregiving than non-Latino Whites due to their projected population growth. Although the consensus of researchers on caregiving and culture finds that the caregiving experience differs significantly among cultural/ethnic groups, the question remains as to how cultural values and norms influence the caregiver experiences. We conducted an interpretative, phenomenological qualitative analysis of focus group transcripts from four groups (African American, Asian American, Hispanic American, and European American) for cultural influences on caregiving. Data were collected in Nevada between December 7, 2009, and August 20, 2010. Thirty-five caregivers participated in this …

The Effect Of An Early Mobility Protocol In Critically Ill Mechanically Ventilated Patients On Incidence And Duration Of Delirium And Length Of Stay, Melody R. Campbell

Doctor of Nursing Practice Program Projects

Delirium in mechanically ventilated patients is a significant problem. At Good Samaritan Hospital, the incidence of delirium in mechanically ventilated patients was found to be 78%, which is similar to results found by other researchers. Delirium is associated with longer lengths of stay on the mechanical ventilator, in the ICU, and hospital, as well as higher ICU mortality and healthcare costs.

The use of an early mobility protocol has demonstrated effectiveness in decreasing delirium and ventilator stay with minimal risk or harm to patients. The objective of the project was to answer a population-intervention-comparison-outcome-time question (PICOT): In (P) critically ill, …

State Zoonotic Disease Program Structure In The United States: Implications For Local Public Health, Dustin W. Ratliff

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Objective: The purpose of this research was to assess to current status of zoonotic disease biosurveillance in the United States.

Methods: A questionnaire was administered to 53 state zoonotic disease program representatives in the United States and Puerto Rico. The questionnaire assessed the structure of zoonotic disease biosurveillance in the respective states, current biosurveillance activities such as testing arthropods for pathogens, information provided to local public health on zoonotic disease, and opinions of the current state of zoonotic disease surveillance. A website assessment was conducted to identify fact sheets that are provided by states on vectors of diseases of public …

One Health: Veterinary Involvement And Zoonoses In Humans, Jasmine Cheeks

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Introduction: As veterinarians are often first to identify zoonotic disease events in animals, their involvement in One Health should be facilitated and strengthened by support from zoonotic disease surveillance systems and health regulations specific to zoonotic disease surveillance.

Objectives: To identify relatable trends between the relationship of the number of active veterinary professionals and the incidence of zoonotic diseases in the developed countries of Australia, Brazil, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ireland, Israel, Netherlands, Spain, and the United States of America. Another objective was to illustrate potential barriers current health regulations place on veterinary contributions to One Health surveillance. Methods: Data were …

The Importance Of The Young Invincibles To The Success Of The Affordable Care, Ethel K. Ishimwe

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Health care reform in the United States, as codified in the Affordable Care Act (ACA), includes an individual mandate to insure that all citizens are participants in public or privately funded health insurance programs. Universal participation insures that the national risk pool of insured persons will include the broadest spectrum of patient utilizers from the very healthy, who are low utilizers, to the very sick who are high utilizers of health care services. It is only through this high level of participation that the increased services and cost savings of health care reform can be realized. Key to this comprehensive …

Biomechanical Comparison Of Hybrid Versus Non Locking Screw Fixation For Midshaft Clavicle Fractures, Joseph T. Cox, J Christopher Gayton, Matthew P. Noyes, Gregory C. Gould, Ronald J. Markert, Michael J. Prayson

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Objectives: Recent studies report nonunion rates of up to fifteen percent for nonoperative treatment of displaced, comminuted, or shortened midshaft clavicle fractures. Additionally, authors suggest operative treatment of these comminuted displaced midshaft clavicle fractures leads to a more satisfactory clinical outcome. Biomechanically, clavicle fracture plate fixation has been analyzed for locking versus non-locking screw use, but little evidence on hybrid screw use exists. We hypothesized that fixation of a comminuted midshaft clavicle fracture model with a pre-contoured hybrid screw-plate construct would increase stiffness and load-to-failure compared to a non-locking screw construct. Methods: Fourteen matched pairs of fresh frozen cadaveric clavicles …

Polish Healthcare System In Transition - Perceptions Of The Old And New Systems, Paul Puchta

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Poland is the largest country in central Europe. During the Second World War (WWII) Poland lost 39% of its physicians. After WWII, Poland fell under Soviet influence. Socialist parties dominated its government until 1989. Poland was the first country from the Soviet block to adopt economic reforms and turn away from centrally planned system.

Poland is presently a stable democracy with a growing economy, and was accepted to the European Union as a full –fledged member in May 2004. Startling results of the population perception of national healthcare system were published in 2013. Polish customers rated current system poorly, giving …

Is Public Health - Dayton & Montgomery County's Level One Food Safety Certification Training Effective?, Matthew M. Tyler

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

The objective of the culminating experience was to evaluate the effectiveness of Public Health – Dayton & Montgomery County’s (PHDMC) Level One Food Safety Certification class. Pre-training and post-training quiz score data from approximately 692 participants were examined. Paired t-tests were used to evaluate change in scores, overall, on individual questions, and by job responsibility. There was significant improvements in quiz scores both aggregately (20.6%) and also by individual questions, except for question one which assessed how people could become ill from improper food safety. The temperature related questions were answered incorrectly the most but also showed the most improvement. …

The Effects Of Communication Partner Training On Aac Users, Jessica Marie Phillips

Undergraduate Honors Theses

This study investigated the acquisition of communication skills of children who use AAC systems following their parents' participation in a communication partner training program. Communication skills evaluated were mean length utterance (MLU), number of different symbols used, initiations, and responses. Communication partner training was divided into two phases, training and follow-up. Participants included 4 children between the ages of 3 and 9 years who used a high tech AAC system. Data was collected over the course of a year via 15 minute video observations. Parents also completed surveys pre- and post-study to evaluate perceptions on increases in communication behaviors, as …

Heritage Hog Carcass Yields: Red Wattle Hog, Bob Perry

Heritage Hog Carcass Yields

The saleable yield of a Red Wattle Hog, cut in the American style, is 65%. The overall percentage of lean muscle using the industry formula based on backfat at 1st and 10th rib, loin eye area and hot carcass weight is 37%. Cut for Charcuterie, the saleable yield is 64%, not including bones, trim and backfat.

Vibrational Spectroscopy: Disease Diagnostics And Beyond, Hugh Byrne, Kamila Ostrowska, Haq Nawaz, Jennifer Dorney, Aidan Meade, Franck Bonnier, Fiona Lyng

Books/Book Chapters

Summary

This chapter outlines some developments in the applications of vibrational spectroscopy for disease diagnostics and demonstrates how the applications of the spectroscopic techniques can be extended to the analysis and evaluation of disease aetiology and the mechanisms of interaction and the cellular and subcellular responses to, for example chemotherapeutic agents and nanoparticles. The primary emphasis is on Raman spectroscopy, although some examples are based on infrared absorption spectroscopy. The studies presented are chosen to illustrate how a range of multivariate analytical techniques can be employed to maximize the potential benefits of the complex spectral information obtained from tissue or …

Libro De Actividades Por El Mes Nacional De La Salud Dental Infantil [Spanish Language Version: National Children's Dental Health Month Activity Book] (2014), American Dental Association Foundation

National Children's Dental Health Month

No abstract provided.

Personhood, Ethics, And Animal Cognition: Situating Animals In Hare’S Two-Level Utilitarianism, By Gary E. Varner / The Philosophy Of Animal Minds, Edited By Robert W. Lurz., Kristin Andrews

Sentience Collection

It seems to be a widely held belief that we should not try to trap, kill, and eat any creature that can relate the story of its close call. While this turns out to be a good rule from the perspective of R. M. Hare’s version of utilitarianism, other intuitive-level rules about the proper treatment of sentient beings require revision, or so Gary Varner argues in his recent book Personhood, Ethics, and Animal Cognition. After defending Hare’s two-level utilitarianism in the first section, Varner turns to the question of the kinds of beings who worthy of kinds of concern, and …

Consensus Report On The Future Of Animal-Free Systemic Toxicity Testing, Marcel Leist, Nina Hasiwa, Costanza Rovida, Mardas Daneshian, David Basketter, Ian Kimber, Harvey Clewell, Tilman Gocht, Alan Goldberg, Francois Busquet, Anna-Maria Rossi, Michael Schwarz, Martin Stephens, Rob Taalman, Thomas B. Knudsen, James Mckim, Georgina Harris, David Pamies, Thomas Hartung

Experimentation Collection

Since March 2013, animal use for cosmetics testing for the European market has been banned. This requires a renewed view on risk assessment in this field. However, in other fields as well, traditional animal experimentation does not always satisfy requirements in safety testing, as the need for human-relevant information is ever increasing. A general strategy for animal-free test approaches was outlined by the US National Research Council’s vision document for Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century in 2007. It is now possible to provide a more defined roadmap on how to implement this vision for the four principal areas of …

Acoustic Divergence In The Rut Vocalizations Of Persian And European Fallow Deer, J. B. Stachowicz, E. Vannoni, B. J. Pitcher, Elodie F. Briefer, E. Geffen, A. G. Mcelligott

Veterinary Science and Medicine Collection

We conducted a study of the male rut vocalizations (groans) of two closely related species, Persian and European fallow deer. Persian fallow deer are endangered, restricted to Iran and Israel, and their rut vocalizations have never been studied. By contrast, European fallow deer are one of the most common deer species in the world, and have been the subject of numerous detailed studies. Persian bucks are approximately 16% larger than European bucks, and this can have important implications for vocalizations. Persian bucks were recorded in Israel, and European bucks were recorded in the UK and Ireland. We measured temporal, fundamental …