Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Evidence Of Positive Selection In Mitochondrial Complexes I And V Of The African Elephant., Tabitha M. Finch, Nan Zhao, Dmitry Korkin, Katy H. Frederick, Lori S. Eggert

CVM Publications

As species evolve, they become adapted to their local environments. Detecting the genetic signature of selection and connecting that to the phenotype of the organism, however, is challenging. Here we report using an integrative approach that combines DNA sequencing with structural biology analyses to assess the effect of selection on residues in the mitochondrial DNA of the two species of African elephants. We detected evidence of positive selection acting on residues in complexes I and V, and we used homology protein structure modeling to assess the effect of the biochemical properties of the selected residues on the enzyme structure. Given …

Breakthrough Series Collaborative To Support Trauma-Informed Practice In Early Care & Education, Anne Douglass

Office of Community Partnerships Posters

This study investigated the use of a Breakthrough Series Collaborative (BSC) to promote the adoption of trauma-informed practices in urban early care & education (ECE) programs. Through this BSC, ECE programs implement new practices to promote safe, stable, and nurturing relationships and prevent trauma exposure; protect children exposed to trauma, help children heal, and support family protective factors that help children thrive.

Two Community Collaborations With Sexual Minority Women’S Ngos In Shanghai & Hong Kong, Connie Chan, Hsin-Ching Wu

Office of Community Partnerships Posters

Based on research with sexual minority communities in the United States, Connie Chan, professor of public policy and public affairs, conducted comparative research with community groups in Hong Kong and Shanghai, China. She provided capacity building training and resources directly to the organization which provides outreach and service to sexual minority women and girls in Shanghai, China. Professor Chan also supported Queer Sisters – an NGO that provides advocacy and community outreach to sexual minority girls and women in Hong Kong – by co-creating a needs assessment survey and helping them to interview their membership in Hong Kong.

Connie Chan …

Instructional Posters And Prevention Education: Do They Really Work?, William D. Mcquilken Ba, Deanna Shisslak, Judith M. Schultz Ba, Cstr

Department of Surgery

No abstract provided.

Addressing Hindfoot Arthritis With Concomitant Tibial Malunion Or Nonunion With Retrograde Tibiotalocalcaneal Nailing: A Novel Treatment Approach., Justin M Kane, Steven Raikin

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Tibial malunions and nonunions are associated with degenerative changes about the ankle. A comprehensive literature review revealed no articles discussing treatment options for patients with tibial shaft malunion and ipsilateral ankle arthritis. The aim of our study was to evaluate a series of patients in whom tibial osteotomy and retrograde tibiotalocalcaneal nailing were used to treat both tibial deformity and ankle osteoarthritis.

METHODS: Twenty-five patients underwent retrograde tibiotalocalcaneal nailing with concomitant realignment tibial osteotomy with takedown of the nonunion or malunion in a single procedure. All surgical procedures were performed by a single surgeon at a single institution. Baseline …

Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty In The Young Patient: Is There Trouble On The Horizon?, Vinay K Aggarwal, Nitin Goyal, Gregory Deirmengian, Ashwin Rangavajjula, Javad Parvizi Md, Mathew Austin

Rothman Institute Papers

BACKGROUND: The volume of total knee arthroplasties, including revisions, in young patients is expected to rise. The objective of this study was to compare the reasons for revision and re-revision total knee arthroplasties between younger and older patients, to determine the survivorship of revision total knee arthroplasties, and to identify risk factors associated with failure of revision in patients fifty years of age or younger.

METHODS: Perioperative data were collected for all total knee arthroplasty revisions performed from August 1999 to December 2009. A cohort of eighty-four patients who were fifty years of age or younger and a cohort of …

Massachusetts Hospital School Program Evaluation Enhancing Transition To The Community, Russell Schutt

Office of Community Partnerships Posters

Throughout the years, MHS has responded to the changing medical needs of children and young adults in MA and continues to be a model program nationally. Currently, MHS educates approximately 87 students from 58 MA communities. Since 2003, about 10-17 students have graduated each year. At age 22, young adults with disabilities transition from students to emergent adults living in the community. Students graduating from the Massachusetts Hospital School (MHS) are faced with opportunities and choices with respect to how and where they will live, work, study, socialize and receive ongoing medical care. In order to understand how well current …

International Epidemics: Interdisciplinary Thinking And Global Citizenship, Rajini Srikanth, Louise Penner

Office of Community Partnerships Posters

The Honors College aims to serve as a crucible for curricular innovation by enriching and deepening classroom study with on-the-ground learning. The symposium is a year-long course, with the winter session field trip giving students a two-week immersion in the details of HIV/AIDS health care delivery in one province of South Africa. Upon return, students volunteer at health centers or nonprofits exploring related topics, while continuing to study the complexity of South Africa’s history and its attitudes and approaches toward HIV/AIDS at the medical, cultural, economic, and social levels.

The Unequal Burden Of Debt And Its Impact On Health, Elizabeth Sweet, Zachary Dubois

Office of Community Partnerships Posters

Average household debt in America has tripled in the past 30 years. Much of this burden is unequally borne by racial/ethnic minorities and those with lower incomes, who face discrimination in obtaining loans and must devote more household resources to paying off debts. Being indebted is a strong predictor of suicide, depression, and other adverse mental health outcomes. However, its impact on physical health is underexplored.

Community Engagement And Research Section, Umass Center For Clinical And Translational Science, University Of Massachusetts Center For Clinical And Translational Science

Office of Community Partnerships Posters

The UMCCTS Community Engagement and Research Section works to improve health in Massachusetts by fostering community engaged research among UMass researchers and community partners. We do this through conferences, pilot funding opportunities, webinars, training, consultation, linking researchers with community partners, and an email discussion group (listserv).

Trail-R1 Is A Negative Regulator Of Pro-Inflammatory Responses And Modulates Long-Term Sequelae Resulting From Chlamydia Trachomatis Infections In Humans, Mufadhal Al-Kuhlani, James Rothchild, Sukumar Pal, Luis M. De La Maza, Sander Ouberg, Servaas A. Morré, Deborah Dean, David M. Ojcius

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

The immune system eliminates Chlamydia trachomatis infection through inflammation. However, uncontrolled inflammation can enhance pathology. In mice, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor (TRAIL-R), known for its effects on apoptosis, also regulates inflammation. In humans, the four homologues of TRAIL-R had never been investigated for effects on inflammation. Here, we examined whether TRAIL-R regulates inflammation during chlamydial infection. We examined TRAIL-R1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in an Ecuadorian cohort with and without C. trachomatis infections. There was a highly significant association for the TRAIL+626 homozygous mutant GG for infection vs no infection in this population. To confirm the results observed in the …

Response To Imatinib Mesylate In Patients With Early Chronic Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia And Derivative Chromosome 9 Deletion Or Clonal Evolution, Mohammad Usman Shaikh, Tariq Moatter, Naveen Naz Syed, Natasha Bahadur Ali, Salman Adil

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Objectives: The significance of clonal evolution and derivative chromosome 9 in Philadelphia-positive CML is not fully characterized and studies have yielded conflicting results. After working on emergence of clonal evolution from our region, we continued to find out the response of Imatinib Mesylate on such cases of CML treated in our center.
Materials and methods: We conducted a cross sectional, prospective analysis on response of Imatinib Mesylate on patients with Philadelphia positive chronic myeloid leukemia with clonal evolution treated from period of September 2007 till 2010. Patients were grouped on basis of cytogenetic analysis performed by conventional cytogenetic and fluorescence …

Identifying Assessment Under-Utilization Of Prenatal Care By Resettled African Refugees And Immigrants In Salt Lake City, Jessica Lynn Lowe, Dr. Carl Hanson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The purpose of this project was to address a continuing and growing health disparity, healthcare of refugees. 8.2 million legal immigrants entered the United States (US) between 1986 and 1993 (Gavagan, 1998). While these numbers have slowed slightly in the past couple of years due to recent legislation, it continues to remain high with over 1 million immigrants entering the US each year since 2005 (Segal, 2010).Prior to entry into the US, immigrants must receive an initial health assessment to determine if they can enter the country. Once in the US, refugees must receive an additional medical evaluation within 30 …

Cortical Injury Modulates The Pain Pathway Partially Through Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase, Bv Daiutolo, Cm Macolino, Al Tyburski, Mb Elliot

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

Introduction

Headache is a highly prevalent symptom in all severities of traumatic brain injury (TBI), and it is one of the most common symptoms of post-traumatic headache. Post-traumatic headache (PTH) remains the most common chronic pain syndrome within the TBI patient population¹. Mild and moderate forms of TBI are more prevalent than severe forms, but it is currently believed that PTH occurrence is not related to the severity of TBI¹. Despite being a common symptom following injury, little is known about the pathogenesis of post-traumatic headache. This is partly due to a lack in preclinical animal …

Technology-Supported Art As A "Way To Participation", Molly Bathje

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Brianna Vitale provided the painting featured on the cover of the Spring 2014 issue of The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy. Brianna completed the painting, titled “Flamingo,” using a mouth joystick (joust) to draw the image on her computer and an assistive device to translate her computer artwork into the watercolor painting. At 12 years old, Brianna has been living for the past 9 years with tetraplegia, the result of a spinal cord injury (SCI). Through technology and with the support of family, friends, and health care professionals, Brianna energetically engages in a variety of creative, social, and philanthropic activities.

Student Advocacy And Research Regarding Employability With Women In An Addiction Recovery Center, Christine Privott

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

This article presents a course project that allowed senior undergraduate occupational science students the opportunity to experience advocacy and leadership roles as they prepared to transition to entry-level occupational therapy programs. The students coordinated an on-site employment fair for women residents of one Alcoholics Anonymous-based substance abuse recovery center in Kentucky. This ultimately led to a preliminary qualitative program evaluation study of the participants’ perceptions of employability after participating in the fair. Following a semi-structured interview protocol, nine participants were interviewed by student investigators immediately following the fair. The resulting data were compared within and across transcripts, and coded for …

Establishing Normative Values For The Barnett Balance Assessment Tool: A Preliminary Study, Monica L. Cercone, Katherine M. Grulke-Kidd, Alora S. Haskin, Kyle M. Medearis, Clarissa J. Wegner, Ellen Herlache-Pretzer

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

The purpose of this study was to establish normative data for the Barnett Balance Assessment (BBA) for individuals ages 18-70+ years. The BBA is a newly developed assessment tool that may address limitations present in other assessments currently used to detect balance deficits. The BBA was administered to 141 participants who had no history of medical issues that could impact balance. A review of the normative data collected indicated little variation in total assessment scores in the age categories of 18-29, 30-39, and 40-49, due to the presence of a ceiling effect. Variations existed in scores among participants in the …

Visual-Motor Skills Performance On The Beery-Vmi: A Study Of Canadian Kindergarten Children, Melissa Coallier, Natasha Rouleau, Florence Bara, Marie-France Morin

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

The Beery VMI is one of the standardized assessment tools most widely used by occupational therapists to assess visual-motor integration. Currently, no specific norms exist for Canadian children. This study was developed to assess whether kindergarten children in Canada compared similarly to the norms established in the U.S. sample of the Beery VMI in order to validate its use with Canadian children. Possible gender differences were also examined. The Beery VMI was administered to 151 kindergarten children, aged 5 to 6 years, at the end of the school year. The data collection took place in seven schools, where the participants …

Promoting Client Goal Ownership In A Clinical Setting, Laura H. Vanpuymbrouck

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Effective goal setting involves collaboration between the client and therapist and is an important component of occupational therapy practice. However, encouraging involvement and collaboration does not necessarily guarantee that client goals are incorporated into the treatment plan. The purpose of this innovative treatment program was to determine if providing a client with a venue for goal identification, documentation, and maintenance might impact participation and satisfaction in a day rehabilitation setting. Responses to a study satisfaction survey (Ss) were taken at baseline and immediately postintervention from the experimental (N = 11) and control (N = 10) groups and attendance rates were …

Effects Of Cognitive Status On Life Participation Of Cancer Survivors, Mary F. Baxter, Theresa Smith, Jennifer Wahowski

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

The purposes of this study were to identify the cognitive status of cancer survivors, determine the effect of cognitive status on function and participation in daily activities, and explore how cancer survivors perceive changes in their cognition. The study used a quantitative nonexperimental cross-sectional design. The participants included 35 cancer survivors from two different sites. Instruments included the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Reintegration to Normal Index-Postal Version (RNLI-P) in the measurement of cognitive impairment and functional performance respectively. Data were also collected with a supplemental questionnaire to explore participants’ perspectives on their cognitive difficulties and current function. The …

Technological Guidelines: The Relationship Between Our Expanding Knowledge And Our Philosophical Assumptions, Diane Powers Dirette

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

No abstract provided.

Electronic Health Record Documentation: Is It An Accurate Indicator Of Quality Of Care For Mechanically Ventilated Patients?, Joetta Powell

Applied Research Projects

Background: Ventilator associated pneumonia is one of the leading hospital acquired infections associated with increased mortality and lengths of stay in mechanically ventilated patients.

Hypothesis: It is hypothesized that the introduction of chlorhexidine gluconate will show reduction in the incidences of ventilator associated pneumonia and a greater reduction with tooth brushing vs oral swabbing. It is also hypothesized that the electronic health record will provide more evidence of quality of care than an external EHR sources.

Methods: The non-randomized, non-sampled population included 98 patient records that met the inclusion criteria. The external tool, Automated Vent Bundle tool provided information as …

Tobacco Treatment For Individuals With Substance Abuse And Psychiatric Disorders, Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli

Nursing Presentations

Overview of this presentation:

• Discuss smoking among persons with substance use and mental illness
• Present smoking cessation outcomes from an evidence-based program for persons with substance use disorders and mental Illness
• Conclusion with current and future Projects

Integrative Health Studies Newsletter, Ciis

Integrative Health Studies Newsletter

This is the Spring 2014 issue of the Integrative Health Studies Newsletter at CIIS.

Integrative Health Studies Newsletter, Ciis

Integrative Health Studies Newsletter

This is the Spring 2014 issue of the Integrative Health Studies Newsletter at CIIS.

Healthnet News V.29:No.1 Spring 2014, Judith S. Kronick, Alberta Richetelle

Articles - Patient Care

A newsletter for public librarians and others interested in consumer health information services.

Increased Mitochondrial Biogenesis Preserves Intestinal Stem Cell Homeostasis And Contributes To Longevity In Indy Mutant Flies, Ryan P. Rogers, Blanka Rogina

UCHC Articles - Research

The Drosophila Indy (I'm Not Dead Yet) gene encodes a plasma membrane transporter of Krebs cycle intermediates, with robust expression in tissues associated with metabolism. Reduced INDY alters metabolism and extends longevity in a manner similar to caloric restriction (CR); however, little is known about the tissue specific physiological effects of INDY reduction. Here we focused on the effects of INDY reduction in the Drosophila midgut due to the importance of intestinal tissue homeostasis in healthy aging and longevity. The expression of Indy mRNA in the midgut changes in response to aging and nutrition. Genetic reduction of Indy expression increases …

Department Of Surgery Update, April 2014, Wright State University Department Of Surgery

Department of Surgery Updates

A three page newsletter created by the Department of Surgery documenting changes to the department. This issue contains a message from the chair, a list of important dates, committee meetings, students' results from National Match day and more.

Comparison Of Walking Performance Over The First 2 Minutes And The Full 6 Minutes Of The Six-Minute Walk Test, R. W. Bohannon, D. Bubela, S. Magasi, H. Mccreath, Y. C. Wang, D. Reuben, W. Z. Rymer, R. Gershon

Physical Therapy

No abstract provided.

Com Outlook Spring 2014, College Of Osteopathic Medicine

COM Outlook

No abstract provided.