Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Predicting Targeted Drug Combinations Based On Pareto Optimal Patterns Of Coexpression Network Connectivity, Nadia M. Penrod, Casey S. Greene, Jason H. Moore

Dartmouth Scholarship

Molecularly targeted drugs promise a safer and more effective treatment modality than conventional chemotherapy for cancer patients. However, tumors are dynamic systems that readily adapt to these agents activating alternative survival pathways as they evolve resistant phenotypes. Combination therapies can overcome resistance but finding the optimal combinations efficiently presents a formidable challenge. Here we introduce a new paradigm for the design of combination therapy treatment strategies that exploits the tumor adaptive process to identify context-dependent essential genes as druggable targets. We have developed a framework to mine high-throughput transcriptomic data, based on differential coexpression and Pareto optimization, to investigate drug-induced …

Respon Bioakumulator Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia Crassipes) Terhadap Logam Berat Pb Dan Cd Di Sungai Pegangsaan Dua, Sri Teguh Rahayu, Meutia Faradilla, Ester Yani Verawati, Muchrip Triana

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Eichhornia crassipes is one of Indonesia’s wild plant that considered as weed. Its presence can disrupt ecosystems in the river. However, it is proven to absorb Pb and Fe. It is also believed that E.crassipes can absorb other metals such as Hg , Zn , Cu and Cd which were belong to the same group as Pb and Fe. In addition to heavy metal sequestration, Eichhornia crassipes can also absorb pesticide residues. This descriptive research was done to determine the bioaccumulator response to Pb and Cd in Pegangsaan Dua river using Inductively Coupled Plasma method. Bioaccumulator response of Eichhornia crassipes …

Formulasi Gel Pacar Air (Impatiens Balsamina Linn.) Terhadap Propionibacterium Acnes Dan Staphylococcus Epidermidis, Diah Ismarani, Liza Pratiwi, Indri Kusharyanti

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Acnes vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease of sebaceous follicles caused by Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The antibacterial activity of Impatiens balsamina L. has been studied for many years. The aims of this study are to find out the antiacne effect from methanolic extract of stems and leaves of Impatiens balsamina L. that formulated in gel. Simplicia were extracted using soxhlet technique bu using methanol as solvent. Extracts were then formulated in gel in three variations of HPMC 4000 and Carbopol 934 as gel base with ratio of 70:30 (F1), 50:50 (F2) and 30:70 (F3). The determination of antiacne …

Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri 1-[(Kuinazolin-4-On-2-Il)Metil]Piridin-1-Ium Bromida Dan 2-Bromometilkuinazolin-4-On, Hayun Hayun, Arif Arrahman, Herman Suryadi, Arry Yanuar

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Antibacterial activity tests of quinazolin-4-one derivates: 1-[(6-nitroquinazolin-4one-2-yl)methyl]piridin-1-ium bromide (1), 1-[(6-aminoquinazolin-4-on-2-yl)methyl] piridin-1-um bromide (2), 2-bromomethylquinazolin-4-one (3) and 2-bromomethyl-6nitroquinazolin-4-one(4) with trimethoprim (5) as a positive standard were conducted. The antibacterial activity tests were carried out using disc diffusion method againts E.coli, S.aureus and S.thyposa, and determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The results showed that compounds 1 and 2 are inactive as antibacterial, whereas compounds 3 and 4 are active.The activities to E.coli were ¼ times the activity of trimethoprim (MIC : 5 x 102 µg/ml compared to 1.25 x 102 µg/ml ). The activity to S. typhosa were ½-1 times the …

Uji Toksisitas Fraksi Air Impatiens Balsamina Pada Tikus Betina Galur Sprague Dawley, Entang Nurqolbiah, Indri Kusharyanti, Siti Nani Nurbaeti

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

The present study was aimed to predict the level of toxicity of aqueous fraction of Impatiens balsamina by acute toxicity study using OECD guideline 425. Female Sprague Dawley 8-12 week and weight between 140-170 gram were used, the amount of experimental rats were 10 rats. Rats were sequentially administered all the fraction in single dosage (limit test) of 2000 mg/kg body weight and 5000 mg/kg of body weight. All the animals were individually studied for mortality, wellness parameters, food consumption,water consumption, body weight. Histopathological examination was done on the liver and kidney. The result of this study showed that no …

Pengaruh Natrium Hialuronat Terhadap Penetrasi Kofein Sebagai Antiselulit Dalam Sediaan Hidrogel, Hidroalkoholik Gel, Dan Emulsi Gel, Joshita Djajadisastra, Zuraida Syafara Dzuhro, Sutriyo Sutriyo

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Anticellulite topical gel preparation with caffeine as active ingredient needs a penetration enhancer to reach subcutaneous layer. Sodium hyaluronate (NaHA), the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid, is a hydrophilic polysaccharide derivative polymer. It has ability to enhance percutaneous penetration by loosening the dense of the compact substance stratum corneum. The aim of this research was to observe the effects of NaHA on caffeine penetration as anticellulite active agent in three types of gel preparation: hydrogel, hydroalcoholic gel, and gel emulsion. Each gel type contained caffeine 1,5% and was varied into three formulas. Formula 1 contained HPMC 2% as gel basis; …

Opioid-Ketamine And Norketamine Codrug Combinations For Pain Management, Joseph R. Holtman, Peter A. Crooks, Ujjwal Chakraborty

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Patents

The present invention relates to the field of pain management, and more particularly to synergistic codrugs comprising an opioid and ketamine or norketamine which have been combined to form a single chemical codrug entity. When the codrug is administered it produces a synergistic analgesic response to pain.

Suppression Of Basophil Histamine-Release And Other Ige-Dependent Responses In Childhood Schistosoma Mansoni Hookworm Co-Infection, Angela Pinot De Moira, Colin M. Fitzsimmons, Frances M. Jones, Shona Wilson, Pierre Cahen, Edridah Tukahebwa, Harriet Mpairwe, Joseph K. Mwatha, Jeffrey M. Bethony, Per S. Skov, Narcis B. Kabatereine, David W. Dunne

Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine Faculty Publications

Background. The poor correlation between allergen-specific-IgE (asIgE) and clinical signs of allergy in helminth infected populations suggests that helminth infections could protect against allergy by uncoupling asIgE from its effector mechanisms. We investigated this hypothesis in Ugandan schoolchildren coinfected with Schistosoma mansoni and hookworm.

Methods. Skin prick test (SPT) sensitivity to house dust mite allergen (HDM) and current wheeze were assessed pre-anthelmintic treatment. Non-specific (anti-IgE), helminth-specific and HDM-allergen-specific basophil histamine release (HR), plus helminth- and HDM-specific IgE and IgG4 responses were measured pre- and post-treatment.

Results. Non-specific- and helminth-specific-HR, and associations between helminth-specific-IgE and helminth-specific-HR increased post-treatment. Hookworm infection appeared …

A Sleep Apnea Program For Commercial Drivers, Gayla Ann Dace

Dissertations

Sleepy driving is a major contributing factor to the motor vehicle crash risk associated with commercial drivers (Pack et al., 2006). In commercial vehicles, approximately 31% to 41% of major crashes can be linked to sleepy driving (Gurubhagavatula et al., 2004). An average non-fatality crash involving a commercial motor vehicle costs about $75,637 while a fatality crash averages about $3.54 million (Gurubhagavatula et al., 2004). A contributing factor to sleepy driving is obstructive sleep apnea (Pack et al., 2006). The purposes of this study were to: (1) determine how many commercial motor vehicle drivers referred to a sleep center as …

Partner Support During Pregnancy And Its Influence On Maternal Health Behaviors, Sarah Capponi, Msii, Katelyn Cohen, Msii, Mazvita Nyamukapa, Mph, Jason K. Baxter, Md, Brett Worly, Md

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Presentations and Grand Rounds

Abstract

Introduction: Paternal support during pregnancy is considered a predictor of positive birth outcomes. Little research has focused on partner involvement and its impact on maternal health habits such as smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy.

Methods:

• This was a cross sectional study

• Pregnant women (n=198) between the ages of 18 – 44 and their partners (n=60)

• Women who identified their partner as their main support

• Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire (scale from 5 - 35)

• ANOVA and Student’s t-test were used to evaluate Norbeck scores and smoking/ drinking status

• Study personnel interviewed subjects to assess reliance on a partner

  Results: …

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Prior Ultrasound-Indicated Cerclage: What Should The Management Be In Next Pregnancy?, Anju Suhag, Md, Jordana Reina, Md, Laura Sanapo, Md, Maria Giraldo, Sushma Potti, Md, Vincenzo Berghella, Md

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Presentations and Grand Rounds

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate pregnancy outcomes of women with prior history of ultrasound-indicated cerclage (UIC) for short cervix who in subsequent pregnancy either were followed by transvaginal ultrasound cervical length(TVU CL)screening or received a history-indicated cerclage (HIC).

Materials and Methods: Retrospective cohort study was performed from 1993-2012, involving women with an index singleton pregnancy and history of UIC. Prior UIC was defined as cerclage placed for CLinstitution, women with prior history of UIC were managed in their subsequent pregnancy either by TVU CL screening or by HIC, at the physician's discretion(Figure). In the TVU CL group, if CL became24wks, an …

Opioid-Nornicotine Codrugs Combinations For Pain Management, Joseph R. Holtman, Peter A. Crooks, Ujjwal Chakraborty

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Patents

The present invention relates to the field of pain management, and more particularly to synergistic codrugs comprising an opioid and nornicotine which have been combined to form a single chemical codrug entity. When the codrug is administered it produces a synergistic analgesic response to pain.

A Retrospective Study Of Operating Room Utilization And Efficiency In A Pediatric Dental Residency Program, Brian Burke

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose was to assess and understand operating room (OR) utilization and efficiency in a pediatric dental residency program. Methods: A retrospective study was performed using chart extraction from 778 patients completed by both pediatric dentistry faculty (n=7) and residents (n=17) in an ambulatory care setting over a 32 month period (between July 2010 and March 2013). Patterns in OR usage time were determined by documenting various timing metrics (start and stop times for anesthesia, start and stop times for the dental procedure, times for throat pack in and out), noting patient information (age and ASA patient classification status), …

Openness, Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, And Family Health And Aging Concerns Interact In The Prediction Of Health-Related Internet Searches In A Representative U.S. Sample, Tim Bogg, Phuong T. Vo

Psychology Faculty Research Publications

Recent estimates suggest 60 % of the U.S. adult population uses the Internet to find health-related information. The goal of the present study was to model health-related Internet searches as a function of an interdependent system of personality adaptation in the context of recent health and aging-related concerns. Assessments of background factors, Big Five personality traits, past-month health and aging-related concerns, and the frequency of past-month health-related Internet searches (via Google, Yahoo, AOL, Bing, or some other search engine) were obtained from a representative U.S. sample (N = 1,015). Controlling for background factors, regression analyses showed more frequent health-related …

Tumor Microenvironment-Based Feed-Forward Regulation Of Nos2 In Breast Cancer Progression, Julie L. Heinecke, Lisa A. Ridnour, Robert Y.S. Cheng, Christopher H. Switzer, Michael M. Lizardo, Chand Khanna, Sharon A. Glynn, S. Perwez Hussain, Howard A. Young, Stefan Ambs, David A. Wink

United States Public Health Resources

Inflammation is widely recognized as an inducer of cancer progression. The inflammation-associated enzyme, inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2), has emerged as a candidate oncogene in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer, and its increased expression is associated with disease aggressiveness and poor survival. Although these observations implicate NOS2 as an attractive therapeutic target, the mechanisms of both NOS2 induction in tumors and nitric oxide (NO)-driven cancer progression are not fully understood. To enhance ourmechanistic understanding of NOS2 induction in tumors and its role in tumor biology, we used stimulants of NOS2 expression in ER- and ER+ breast cancer cells and examined …

A Potentially Fatal Etiology Of A Lumbar Radiculopathy, Katie Mastoris Do, Ranjit R. Nair Md, E York Md

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

An Examination Of Correctional Nursing Competencies For Improved Patient Care, Bing Zheng

Honors Scholar Theses

The concept of this honors project was to explore correctional nursing competency, working closely with my advisor and the research team. Key findings from the initial competency assessment evaluation phase were compiled, organized, and analyzed. A podium presentation “Advancing Correctional Nurse Competencies for Quality Care: Evaluation of Simulation Learning and Satisfaction” was given at the 2013 American Correctional Health Services Association (ACHSA) Multidisciplinary Educational Conference on Correctional Healthcare: Ring a Bell. Additionally, a poster presentation, “Correctional Nurse Competencies: Evaluation of Simulation Learning and Satisfaction,” was given at the 2013 Frontiers conference. A poster presentation was given at the University of …

Avirulent Strains Of Toxoplasma Gondii Infect Macrophages By Active Invasion From The Phagosome, Yanlin Zhao, Andrew H. Marple, David J. P. Ferguson, David J. Bzik, George S. Yap

Dartmouth Scholarship

Unlike most intracellular pathogens that gain access into host cells through endocytic pathways, Toxoplasma gondii initiates infection at the cell surface by active penetration through a moving junction and subsequent formation of a parasitophorous vacuole. Here, we describe a noncanonical pathway for T. gondii infection of macrophages, in which parasites are initially internalized through phagocytosis, and then actively invade from within a phagosomal compartment to form a parasitophorous vacuole. This phagosome to vacuole invasion (PTVI) pathway may represent an intermediary link between the endocytic and the penetrative routes for host cell entry by intracellular pathogens. The PTVI pathway is preferentially …

Inborn Error Of Metabolism Is A Disease Of Any Age; Carniting Palmitoyltransferase Ii Deficiency And Its Manifestations, Mira Mitry Md, James Ross Md, Facp

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Medication Adherence And Intervention To Create Success In Hypertensive African Americans In A Rural Setting, Laneita Davis

DNP Projects

Hypertension is a chronic disease that has been a major problem in the African American community for decades. Although numerous research studies have examined interventions to combat this disease, there has been very little research published that focused on African Americans with hypertension in a rural setting. Rural residents experience many difficulties in accessing healthcare services. This difficult access is a disadvantage that results in higher morbidity and mortality rates compared to those of their urban counterparts. Being from a small town in Mississippi, I have witnessed first hand the many barriers that are encountered. Individuals who live in a …

Detection Of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor In Colon Cancer Xenografts Using Bevacizumab Based Near Infrared Fluorophore Conjugate., Bishnuhari Paudyal, Pramila Paudyal, Dilip Shah, Hideyuki Tominaga, Yoshito Tsushima, Keigo Endo

Department of Radiology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to develop the near infrared fluorescence (NIRF)-based imaging agent for the visualization of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in colon cancer. AlexaFluor 750 conjugating with bevacizumab, and injected intravenously into nude mice bearing VEGF over-expressing HT29 human colorectal cancer. Optical imaging was performed at 15 min, 24 h and 48 h post injection. Immunofluorescences staining of the tumor sections were performed. HT29 colorectal cancer xenografts were clearly visualized with bevacizumab-AlexaFluor 750.

RESULTS: Ex vivo analysis showed 2.1 ± 0.4%, 37.6 ± 6.3% and 38.5 ± 6.2% injected dose/g accumulated in the tumors at …

College Of Public Health News, Georgia Southern University

College of Public Health: News & Publications

• Childhood Asthma

Health Policy & Management News, Georgia Southern University

Health Policy & Community Health: News & Publications (2011-2018)

• Childhood Asthma

Editorial Comment: Changing The Rules In Vaccine Coverage For Vulnerable Populations, Nancy L. Winterbauer

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

Increasing life expectancy through decreasing vaccine preventable deaths is a hallmark of modern public health in the United States (1). Two federal vaccine programs help insure coverage for vulnerable populations. The Vaccines for Children (VFC) Program provides vaccines to eligible children[1] at no cost, removing financial barriers to vaccinations. Close to half of US children and 30 percent of adolescents are vaccinated through the VFC program yearly (2). The federal Section 317 Immunization Grant Program (Section 317) complements VFC by supporting the national immunization infrastructure, primarily immunization workforce, delivery systems, and emergency response, as well as by providing vaccines …

The Effects Of The Changes In Section 317 Rules For Administration Of Federally Purchased Vaccines, Margaret A. Knight, Anne D. Kershenbaum, Martha Buchanan, Janet Ridley, Paul C. Erwin

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

Section 317 of the Public Health Services Act is a federal program that provides funds for the purchase of vaccines. These annual Congressional allocations fluctuate from year to year as Congress responds to changes in national needs for immunizations. The Affordable Care Act requires first dollar coverage of immunizations and other preventive care, allowing a reduction in federal funding for vaccine purchase and a reallocation of funds to other uses such as infrastructure development. In fiscal year 2013, Section 317 rules redefined the population eligible for immunization with Section 317 purchased vaccines. In Tennessee, the response was a policy change …

Editorial Comment: A Method For Identifying Positive Deviant Local Health Departments In Maternal And Child Health, Sharla A. Smith, Michael A. Preston, Marylou Wallace

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

Improving the well-being of mothers, infants, and children is a vital public health initiative in the United States. Local health departments are designated agents for addressing maternal and child health outcomes. Klaiman and colleagues used a positive deviant (PD) framework in identifying the modifiable activities and approaches for LHDs that contribute to better MCH outcomes.

A Method For Identifying Positive Deviant Local Health Departments In Maternal And Child Health, Tamar A. Klaiman, Athena Pantazis, Betty Bekemeier

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

Local health departments (LHDs) are under increasing pressure to improve performance with limited resources. While research has found that financial resources may be associated with better health outcomes, there are some LHDs that maintain exceptional performance, even with limited budgets. Our interest was identifying LHDs that positively deviate in MCH outcomes compared to their peers while taking into account local context including geography and finances. We found that our method for identifying positive deviants was effective, and that LHD expenditures may not be linked to MCH outcomes. The next step in our work is to conduct in-depth analysis with positive …

Editorial Comment: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis For Prioritization Of Limited Public Health Resources - Tuberculosis Interventions In Texas, Kaja M. Abbas

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

Public health departments have limited evidence to understand and analyze the costs and benefits of different health programs, including tuberculosis control and prevention programs. The study by Miller et. al addresses this challenge to estimate costs and benefits of tuberculosis prevention programs in Texas and identify cost-effective diagnostic and treatment combinations, thereby improving the evidence-based decision making power of the public health departments.

Playing To Our Strengths: An Academic/Health Department Collaboration To Facilitate Public Protections Against Tuberculosis, Thaddeus L. Miller, Erin K. Carlson, Nuha A. Lackan

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

Background:

Economic modeling and analysis can facilitate evidence-based policy and practice. Such analyses may exceed the technical capacity and mission of public health agencies, yet may be critical to sustain health protections such as tuberculosis (TB) control. The net effect of TB prevention is incompletely understood, hampering objective value judgments of national TB elimination policies. This may promote inefficiencies and threaten individual and public health protections.

We describe how a HRSA-funded Texas Public Health Training Center (TPHTC) coordinated specialized analytical skills with the needs of a state public health department to create a user-friendly tool to inform planning and resource …

Editorial Comment: Differences In Definitions Of Ebph And Evidence: Implications For Communication With Practitioners, Paul C. Erwin

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

Through interviews of 12 members of an expert panel – importantly, involving both practitioners and researchers/academicians – Aronson and colleagues sought to understand how evidence-based public health (EBPH) is defined, what counts as “evidence”, and what EBPH actually looks like when operationalized in a local health department. What Aronson and colleagues have shown us is how critical it is that in both creating and implementing EBPH, especially in practice-based research, practitioner and researcher/academician develop a shared understanding of EBPH before the dance begins, especially for practice-based research.