Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Sensorimotor Adaptation Of Speech Using Real-Time Articulatory Resynthesis, Jeffrey J. Berry, Cassandra North, Michael T. Johnson

Speech Pathology and Audiology Faculty Research and Publications

Sensorimotor adaptation is an important focus in the study of motor learning for non-disordered speech, but has yet to be studied substantially for speech rehabilitation. Speech adaptation is typically elicited experimentally using LPC resynthesis to modify the sounds that a speaker hears himself producing. This method requires that the participant be able to produce a robust speech-acoustic signal and is therefore not well-suited for talkers with dysarthria. We have developed a novel technique using electromagnetic articulography (EMA) to drive an articulatory synthesizer. The acoustic output of the articulatory synthesizer can be perturbed experimentally to study auditory feedback effects on sensorimotor …

The Globalization Of Maternal Healthcare In Western Africa, Maura T. Magistrali

Celebration

Maternal healthcare is one of the most important global issues in today’s world, reflected in its inclusion in the Millennium Development Goals. Globalization, through increased acceleration and movement, has improved maternal healthcare in Western Africa, as observed through the spread of Westernized medicines and treatments and improved technology in prenatal and obstetric care. Another remarkable effect of globalization is the hybridity manifested in both women’s healthcare choices and in the pluralistic training of midwives. However, the same forces of movement and exchange can also bring negative consequences, visible through health-access inequalities, brain drain, and the exploitation West African countries.

Human Disease - Unintended Globalization, Christopher J. Dellana

Celebration

Before man was exchanging goods and ideas, he was exchanging germs. As such, the spread of infectious disease constitutes the first truly global phenomenon and, therefore, marks the beginnings—primitive though they may have been—of what today we have finally termed ‘globalization.’ The global spread of disease, then, proves that globalization is not new and that its origins were the result of a different narrative than the ones we read from globalization theorists; it further demonstrates that the modern conception of the phenomenon is only now so well recognized because the accelerated and efficient processes that inform its daily activities have …

Project Parenthood: Efficacy Of Evidence-Based Parenting And Safer Sex Education Program In An At-Risk Adolescent Population, Jasmin Scott

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Objective: Project Parenthood was developed to support the growth of adolescent parenting education and to provide a resource for adolescent safer sex education and repeat pregnancy prevention.

Methods: Through the use of pre- and post-surveys, three key variables were measured: (1) knowledge, (2) perspective, and (3) skill. Survey questions were categorized as measuring one of the variables. Survey data was aggregated to create a pre- and post-composite score for each question. The percentage of questions that resulted in an increase, decrease, or no change was calculated for each variable. A Paired t-Test analysis was run to evaluate whether or not …

Primary Care At Home: Nurse Practitioners' Perceptions And Practices, Tonya Bragg-Underwood

Doctor of Nursing Practice Technical Reports

Background: Primary care at home is not a new idea, but rather a reinvention of an old and almost forgotten practice. Today, only 1% of primary care visits are provided in a home setting; despite the increasing aging homebound population in the United States. Current primary care at home research relates improved patient outcomes with primary care at home visits. Primary care at home is reemerging in the United States, but currently is not generating many positive reviews. There is a gap in the current primary care at home literature regarding nurse practitioner home visit practices and perceptions. Methods: A …

Rnasel And Mir146a Snp-Snp Interaction As A Susceptibility Factor For Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer, Shohreh F. Farzan, Margaret R. Karagas, Brock C. Christensen, Zhongze Li, Jacquelyn K. Kuriger, Heather H. Nelson

Dartmouth Scholarship

Immunity and inflammatory pathways are important in the genesis of non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC). Functional genetic variation in immune modulators has the potential to affect disease etiology. We investigated associations between common variants in two key regulators, MIR146A and RNASEL, and their relation to NMSCs. Using a large population-based case-control study of basal cell (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), we investigated the impact of MIR146A SNP rs2910164 on cancer risk, and interaction with a SNP in one of its putative targets (RNASEL, rs486907). To examine associations between genotype and BCC and SCC, occurrence odds ratios (OR) …

Pediatric Asthma Telemonitoring: Literature, Theory, And Application To Practice, Erin Christine Shankel

DNP Projects

Asthma is one of the most prevalent and costly chronic diseases faced by Americans today. It is marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways which fluctuates, often unpredictably, in response to triggers. As such, it causes particular challenges symptom management, especially on the part of the patient who is tasked with dealing with these frequent fluctuations for months at a time between regularly scheduled health care appointments. This is further complicated when the patient is a child, and symptoms must be interpreted and managed second-hand by a caregiver. Uncertainty about how to manage symptoms, as well as minimization of …

Uncompromising Spirits: The Entwined Careers Of William Lloyd Garrison And Josephine Butler, Anne A. Salter, Charles O. Boyd

Oglethorpe Journal of Undergraduate Research

William Lloyd Garrison and Josephine Butler challenged the political structures of their times. Both employed similar strategies to turn the mind set of American and British citizens. Garrison’s work as an American abolitionist inspired Butler and her work to repeal the Contagious Diseases Acts in Great Britain. Their life long commitment to liberty and justice was successful proving that one person can make a difference. Brief character sketches of each serve to revive interest in these important but somewhat neglected individuals.

The Effect Of Patient Education On Anxiety Levels In Patients Receiving Chemotherapy For The First Time, Sarah Garcia

Evidence-Based Practice Project Reports

Cancer affects approximately 1.5 million people every year throughout the United States.Comprehensive care that includes psychosocial aspects is important to help patients effectively adapt to their diagnosis and treatment plan. Improper prevention and management of anxiety can lead to poor psychosocial outcomes, dissatisfaction with care, and decreased adherence to treatment. Current evidence suggests that education is effective at helping reduce anxiety in patients receiving chemotherapy for the first time. The purpose of this evidenced based practice project was to determine if nurse-led patient education regarding chemotherapy side effects, side-effect management, and orientation to the infusion center was effective at decreasing …

Nanotoxicity In Cells Of The Immune System, Jonathan J. Pelc

Science Scholars

Nanoparticles (NPs) provide a new medical approach to drug therapy. As with every new approach, safety precautions need to be taken, and the immediate and long-term effects for many NPs are still unclear. When administering a medical treatment into the human body, the first issue that needs to be addressed is host detection of the medicine and inflammation as a possible result of the treatment. If a new NP treatment causes inflammation before it releases its medicine, that treatment may be ineffective, even damaging to the patient. Small metallic and organic particles have been shown to elicit an inflammatory responses …

Effects Of An Osteoporosis Educational Intervention: Knowledge And Self-Efficacy Of Prevention In Young Adult Collegiate Females, Valerie A. Bollenbacher

Evidence-Based Practice Project Reports

Osteoporosis is a silent and potentially debilitating chronic illness. In 2012, the CDC reported that 4.5 million women over the age of 50 were diagnosed with osteoporosis in the United States. Within the next 20 years, 41 million women worldwide are projected to have osteoporosis. The annual financial burden of osteoporosis is estimated to be 19 billion dollars. The objective of this evidence-based practice project was to answer the clinical question: In young adult collegiate females, how does an osteoporosis educational intervention compared to current education effect osteoporosis knowledge and self-efficacy of osteoporosis prevention over a one-month time period? The …

The Use Of Stress Reduction Techniques In Nursing Education, Jennifer S. Bauer

Evidence-Based Practice Project Reports

Stress is a complex phenomenon that has significant effects on students which may disturb their physiological, psychological, and spiritual health and well-being. Nursing students have been identified to be at high risk for stress during their education. Stress can arise from new clinical experiences, academic load, and personal stressors (Jones & Johnston, 2006). This increase in stress can lead to the student’s inability to assimilate and learn within the classroom and clinical settings. A review of the literature provided evidence that reported a positive relationship between guided imagery and a decrease in stress and anxiety. This evidence-based practice (EBP) project …

The Effect Of Patient Reminders On Osteoporosis Screenings, Billie-Ann Black

Evidence-Based Practice Project Reports

Osteoporosis is characterized by reduction of bone mass and compromised bone strength, resulting in an increased fracture risk. Since a reduction of bone mass has been shown to be predictive of future fracture risk, prevention strategies target screening those patients at risk for decreased bone mass by using bone mineral density (BMD) dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans. Current national guidelines recommend that all women 65 years and older undergo BMD testing using central DXA every two years. Despite these recommendations, women age 65 years and older still do not participate in this screening. Greater rates of osteoporosis screening could …

The Anatomical And Functional Benefit Of Bevacizumab In The Treatment Of Macular Edema Associated With Purtscher-Like Retinopathy, B. Lw. Nesmith, Maya Bitar, S. Schaal

Ophthalmology

We read the article by Miguel et al1 regarding Purtscher’s and Purtscher-like retinopathies with great interest. As the authors well describe, ‘Purtscher-like retinopathy’ is diagnosed in patients with fundus findings similar to Purtscher’s retinopathy, without a history of trauma but with known systemic associations.¹ Current proposed mechanisms for the underlying pathogenesis include leukocyte aggregation by activated complement factor 5 (C5a).² As noted by the authors’ systematic review, there is currently no established treatment for Purtscher-like retinopathy, although the literature consists of several case reports of treatment with corticosteroids, without certainty as to effect on the clinical course.1 Herein, …

Thermoregulatory Responses Of Runners Following A Warm-Weather Road Race, Luke N. Belval

University Scholar Projects

Purpose: To quantify the skin temperature changes following intense exercise in warm-weather. Methods: Anterior thermal images and gastrointestinal temperature (TGI) from 20 male runners (mean±SD; 73.5 ± 10.9 kg) participating in a 11.2 km road race were collected before and immediately after the race. Wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and wind speed were recorded at the finish line. Infrared thermal images were divided into 11 distinct regions, superior torso (ST), inferior torso (IT), face (F), right forearm (RF), left forearm (LF), right upper arm (RUA), left upper arm (LUA), right thigh (RT), left thigh (LT), right lower leg (RLL) and left …

Minutes Of 05/02/2014 Hsc Board Of Directors Mtg, Patrice Martin

HSC Committee (A subcommittee of the UNM Board of Regents)

No abstract provided.

How To Lie With (Fda) Statistics, Fred D. Ledley

Natural & Applied Sciences Faculty Publications

The FDA approved 27 new drugs in 2013. Is this a downward trend? Is it an upward trend? Does it suggest that the pharmaceutical industry is failing, or that genomics is finally paying dividends? We revisit Darrell Huff’s 1954 classic How to Lie with Statistics for insights into these pressing questions.

Agenda Of 05/02/2014 Hsc Board Of Directors Mtg, Patrice Martin

HSC Committee (A subcommittee of the UNM Board of Regents)

No abstract provided.

Notice Of 05/02/2014 Hsc Board Of Directors Mtg, Patrice Martin

HSC Committee (A subcommittee of the UNM Board of Regents)

No abstract provided.

Effects Of A Parish Based Heart Healthy Education Program, Kristin A. Kilinski

Evidence-Based Practice Project Reports

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the United States. Some risk factors for cardiovascular disease can be modified which include: diet; physical activity; smoking; hypertension; diabetes; and weight. Various national programs, such as “Go Red for Women” and “Let’s Move,” have been implemented to address this growing epidemic. Community programs are needed as an adjunct to these national initiatives. Thus, a parish based cardiovascular disease educational program would provide for a unique socially and spiritually supportive environment for education at the community level. Research findings indicate that parish based educational programs are effective in increasing …

The Effects Of Education On Cardiovascular Disease Knowledge, Lauren A. Ostrowski-Winkler

Evidence-Based Practice Project Reports

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality for adults in the United States. The three main risk factors for the development of CVD include hypertension, high cholesterol, and tobacco use; these factors are largely prevented or reduced through lifestyle modifications. Researchers indicate that knowledge of CVD mortality has been linked with individual action to reduce one’s CVD risk. Researchers have also indicated that segments of our underserved society, particularly those with the highest CVD mortality rates, are also the least knowledgeable about CVD and their own personal risk. These risk factors were a concern within the …

An Examination Between Swimming Ability, Gender, And Race- An Exploratory Investigation, Laynie E. Brown

Honors College Theses

One of the leading causes of unintentional death worldwide is drowning. From 2005-2009, an estimated 3, 107 people in the United States over the age of fifteen died from drowning (Peden, Oyegbite, & Ozanne-Smith, 2008). Research has found higher amounts of drowning deaths to be males than females and African-American than Caucasian (Saluja et al., 2005). However, no significant differences have been found in real or perceived water competency between gender or age groups (Moran et al., 2012). Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine ability to swim between gender, race, and school classification of college students. Quantitative …

Novel Roles Of The Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Shp2 In Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Valentina Schneeberger

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The gene PTPN11 was identified in the early 1990s, and encodes the non-transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2. SHP2 is expressed ubiquitously in cells, and plays an important role in cancer. Unlike most phosphatases, SHP2 positively regulates several signaling pathways including the Ras/MAPK and Src signaling pathways and acts as a proto-oncogene. SHP2 is also a cancer essential gene in certain types of carcinomas, and promotes growth, survival, and epithelial to mesenchymal transformation. Gain of function (GOF) SHP2 mutations are known leukemic oncogenes, and have been identified to a smaller extent in solid tumors as well. Currently, the roles of SHP2 …

Fathoming Huntington’S Disease, Genetic Testing And The Biotechnological Era In An Academic Setting, Kenneth P. Serbin

At Risk for Huntington's Disease

No abstract provided.

Osthole Activates Glucose Uptake But Blocks Full Activation In L929 Fibroblast Cells, And Inhibits Uptake In Hcle Cells, Ola D. Alabi, Stephen M. Gunnink, Benjamin D. Kuiper, Samuel A. Kerk

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

Aims Osthole, a coumarin derivative, has been used in Chinese medicine and studies have suggested a potential use in treatment of diabetes and cancers. Therefore, we investigated the effects of osthole and other coumarins on GLUT1 activity in two cell lines that exclusively express GLUT1. Main methods We measured the magnitude and time frame of the effects of osthole and related coumarins on glucose uptake in two cells lines; L929 fibroblast cells which have low GLUT1 expression levels and low basal glucose uptake and HCLE cells which have high GLUT1 concentrations and high basal uptake. We also explored the effects …

Dopaminergic Genetic Contributions To Obesity In Kidney Transplant Recipients, Ashley Grimes Stanfill

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Background: Kidney transplant recipients are a population who experience a high likelihood of gaining a significant amount of weight (between 6 and 13 kilograms) during the first year after transplantation. However, not all kidney transplant recipients gain weight. Studies have found little difference in physical activity and nutritional intake among those who do and do not gain weight. Immunosuppressant medications have also not been shown to play a substantive role in post-transplant weight gain. Additionally, although some studies have shown that age, gender, and race can influence weight gain, this information does not fully capture the observed variance. These observations …

Total Knee Arthroplasty Wear Is Caused By Malrotation And Excessive Laxity, Erik Woodard

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Total knee arthroplasty is a proven technique which combines specially designed components and surgical processes to treat cartilage degeneration and alleviate pain in arthritic knees. However, this technique is limited by component design and surgical precision. Due to these limitations, knee arthroplasty components will eventually wear out, causing rejection and necessitating the need for a replacement. For this reason, it would be beneficial to experts if the primary causes of this wear could be identified in order to minimize the number of replacements.

This study aims to determine if a correlation exists between instability of a knee joint and the …

Screening Asymptomatic Women For Cardiovascular Risk, Kathryn Nelson-Murphy

Evidence-Based Practice Project Reports

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has long been recognized as a significant health problem in the U.S., and is the leading cause of preventable death in women, collectively causing about one death per minute (Caboral, 2013). A myriad of modifiable risk factors including dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking, obesity, and type II diabetes are associated with 80-90% of CVD morbidity and mortality. Despite sobering statistics, valid risk prediction screening tools, and national preventive guidelines, adequate screening in clinical practice settings is sadly deficient. An evidence-based practice project was designed and implemented at a large OB/GYN practice in southern Ohio to address this identified gap …

Results And Lessons Learned From A Nurse Practitioner-Guided Dementia Care Intervention For Primary Care Patients And Their Family Caregivers, Richard H. Fortinsky, Colleen Delaney, Ofer Harel, Karen Pasquale, Elena Schjavland, John Lynch, Alison Kleppinger, Suzanne Crumb

Articles - Patient Care

Older adults with dementia care needs often visit primary care physicians (PCPs), but PCP dementia care limitations are widely documented. This study tested the value of employing a nurse practitioner (NP) with geropsychiatric expertise to augment PCP care for newly and recently diagnosed patients and family caregivers. Twenty-one dyads received the NP intervention; 10 dyads were controls. Outcomes included patient neuropsychiatric symptom and quality of life changes, and caregiver depression, burden, and self-efficacy changes. Intervention acceptability by patients, caregivers, and PCPs was determined. No outcome differences were found; however, the NP intervention was deemed highly satisfactory by all stakeholders. Patients …

Disaster Preparedness Scholarly Project, Catherine A. Marcum

DNP Research Projects

No abstract provided.