Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

A Pilot Study On The Epidemiological Status Of Equine Infectious Anaemia, Equine Viral Arteritis, Glanders, And Dourine In Turkey, Maria Luisa Marenzoni, Vincenzo Cuteri, Francesca De Parri, Maria Luisa Danzetta, Zeki̇ Yilmaz, Cagla Parkan Yaramis, Engi̇n Kennerman, Mehmet Erman Or, Silvia Marchi, Cristina Casciari, Gian Mario De Mia, Carlo Valente, Silva Costarelli

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

A serological investigation of equine infectious anaemia (EIA), equine viral arteritis (EAV), glanders, and dourine was conducted on the sera of 346 Turkish horses using a combination of tests in series (ELISA and agar gel immunodiffusion) for EIA, virus neutralisation for EAV, and complement fixation (CF) for glanders and dourine. Forty-nine sera showed anticomplementary reactions and were not assessable in the CF test for glanders and dourine. No positive samples were detected for EIA, dourine, and glanders. Fifty-seven sera were positive for EAV. A systematic review of the distribution of these diseases in Turkey was conducted to describe their epidemiological …

Tailoring A Physical Activity Promotion Program For A Rural Area, Gavin T. Colquitt, Moya L. Alfonso, Ashley Walker, Vanessa Dunmore

Community Health: Faculty Presentations (1993-2018)

Background/Purpose: VERBTM Summer Scorecard (VSS) has used social marketing to successfully promote physical activity for urban and suburban youth. The purpose of this study was to adapt the program to meet the needs of a minority, rural population.

Method: Qualitative marketing research methods including focus groups were used to gather data from parents (N = 12) and their children (N =12) in April 2012. A structured, open-ended focus group guide was developed specific to parents and youth and based on the social marketing framework. Marketing topics covered included Product, Price, Place and Promotion. Attention was given to testing two previously …

Determination Of Newcastle Disease Virus Among Wild Bird Populations In Lake Van Basin, Turkey, Banur Boynukara, Ti̇mur Gülhan, Fethi̇ye Çöven, İlhami̇ Ki̇zi̇roğlu, Ati̇lla Durmuş

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, 540 feces samples taken from a total of 22 bird species, including transit migrant, winter visitor, migratory, and resident bird species, in Lake Van basin were examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with respect to the Newcastle disease virus (NDV). All of the feces samples were cultured in specific pathogen-free embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs) for NDV isolation. The NDV isolates were analyzed for virulent fusion (F) protein by RT reverse transcription PCR (RRT-PCR). Of the 540 examined feces samples, 28 (5.18%) were found to be positive by RT-PCR. The same samples were cultured in ECEs and, …

Susceptibility Of Prototheca Zopfii Strains Isolated From Cows With Mastitis To Chlorhexidine And Iodine, Henryk Krukowski, Andrzej Lisowski, Bozena Nowakowicz-Debek, Lukasz Wlazlo

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Bovine mastitis caused by Prototheca spp. can assume high significance because of economic losses and the potential risk to public health. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of chlorhexidine and iodine on Prototheca zopfii strains isolated from bovine milk. For this study, 15 Prototheca zopfii isolates previously obtained from cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis in Poland were used. The in vitro susceptibility tests to chlorhexidine and iodine of the strains of Prototheca zopfii for the determination of their minimal microbicidal concentrations (MMCs) were performed using the tube dilution method in Sabouraud dextrose broth and the …

Financial Losses From Foot Diseases In Cattle Farms In Kars Province, Pinar Demi̇r, Sadik Yayla, Özgür Aksoy, İsa Özaydin

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was performed via a survey conducted of a total of 112 cattle operations in Kars and the vicinity and included a total of 2317 head, of which 280 were determined to have foot problems. The financial loss incurred per operation was calculated in accordance with the data obtained. As a result, the prevalence of foot disease encountered in cattle in the region in 2010 was determined to be 12.08%, and although it varied depending on the severity of the foot diseases, the animals were healed in an average of 46.5 days. Live weights declined by an average of …

Multiple Jaw Fractures And Hiatus Linguae In A Dog, İbrahi̇m Akin, Murat Sarierler, Nuh Kiliç, Ali̇ Belge

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The case of a 3.5-year-old male Norwegian Elkhound crossbreed dog, seen the day after a traffic accident, is reported. Fractures in the symphysis mandibulae and the right corpus mandibulae were diagnosed. The apex linguae hung down laterally; a 2-cm cut wound was present on the right side. Two more cut wounds (6 cm long on the ventral surface and 3 cm long on the dorsal aspect) of the tongue in a direction oblique to its long axis were connected by a cut through the entire thickness of the tongue. Tooth 103 was broken at the gingival line and 104 under …

Shepherd Dogs As A Common Source For Salmonella Enterica Serovar Reading In Garmsar, Iran, Taghi Zahraei Salehi, Mahdi Askari Badouei, Omid Madadgar, Seyed Reza Ghiasi, Iradj Ashrafi Tamai

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Salmonella infection is one of the most important diseases that affect all animal species and is the leading cause of foodborne infections worldwide. One of the challenges in the control and prevention of salmonellosis is the recognition of potential carriers. To assess the potential role of shepherd dogs in the epidemiology of salmonellosis, fecal samples were taken from 38 shepherd dogs in Garmsar Province. Salmonella strains were isolated from 4 dogs (10.5%) related to 3 sheep flocks. All of the strains were confirmed at the genus level using invA virulence gene PCR. Serotyping confirmed all of the strains as Salmonella …

Comparative Imaging Of The Vesicular Glands In New Zealand White Rabbits (Oryctolagus Cuniculus), Rosen Dimitrov, Kamelia Stamatova, Dimitar Kostov

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study investigated the morphological topographic features of the vesicular glands (gll. vesiculosae) in 10 sexually mature and clinically healthy male New Zealand White rabbits, aged 12 months, with body weights from 2.8 kg to 3.2 kg. The glands were observed by ultrasonography in 2 planes, transversal and sagittal. The approach was percutaneous transabdominal prepubic. The rabbit vesicular glands were visualized as a solid heterogeneous echoic finding. Using computed tomography, we scanned the pelvis in the transversal plane through the first sacral vertebra, at a cut thickness of 3 mm. The vesicular glands were visualized as transversally ovoid, homogeneous, and …

Treatment Of A Distal Radius And Ulna Fracture In A Young Llama With A Combination Of External And Internal Fixation, Özlem Güzel, Di̇lek Olğun Erdi̇kmen, Serhat Özsoy, Büşra İnal

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The case consisted of a 1-month-old female llama with a left distal diaphyseal forearm fracture caused by trauma. Clinical and radiographic examination confirmed the presence of a distal fracture of the left radius and ulna. Treatment was carried out by combining internal and external fixation techniques. Successful fracture healing was achieved without any complications using this method of treatment, which has not been reported before.

Effects Of Feeding Dry Fat And Yeast Culture On Broiler Chicken Performance, Mutassim Mohamed Abdelrahman

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

A feeding trial with 400 male broilers (Ross) was conducted to investigate the effect of using dry fat and 2 levels of yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on performance, blood glucose, cholesterol, calcium, phosphorus, cobalt, copper, magnesium, manganese, and zinc. One-day-old broilers were distributed among 4 treatments, with 4 replicates and 25 chicks/replicate. The treatments were: diet 1 (basal diet with maize oil, group T1), diet 2 (basal diet with dry fat, group T2), diet 3 (basal diet with dry fat + 2 kg of yeast culture/t diet, group T3), and diet 4 (basal diet with dry fat + 3 kg …

Animal Skeletal Remains Of The Theodosius Harbor: General Overview, Vedat Onar, Gülsün Pazvant, Hasan Alpak, Nazan Gezer İnce, Altan Armutak, Zeynep Sevi̇m Kiziltan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Archaeological excavations at the site of Yenikapı, the most important main station for Metro and Marmaray projects on the European side of İstanbul, were started in 2004 with the discovery of numerous shipwrecks, amphorae, and skeletal remains belonging to animals. The findings from the excavations conducted by the İstanbul Archaeological Museums of the General Directorate of Cultural Heritage and Museums proved that this site, known in the Ottoman period as 'Langa Bostanları', was actually the ancient harbor of Theodosius. The archeological material and animal skeletal residues, mostly of horse origin, were found side by side in excavations initiated in 2004 …

Isolation Of Streptococcus Species From The Tonsils Of Slaughtered Pigs, Arzu Funda Bağcigi̇l, Serkan İki̇z, Kemal Meti̇ner, Naci̇ye Yakut Özgür, Seyyal Ak, Ahmet Ati̇la Ilgaz

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The palatine tonsils of 220 pigs were examined for the occurrence of Streptococcus suis and other Streptococcus species. Samples were cultured onto Colombia agar plates with 5% defibrinated horse blood and selective antibiotic supplement and were incubated at 37 °C for 24-48 h aerobically. Presumptive colonies were identified using API20 Strep (bioMérieux). S. suis was not detected in any of the 220 palatine tonsils examined. S. porcinus was the most common streptococcus recovered and was isolated from 68 (31%) pigs. From the samples, S. agalactiae was isolated from 19 (8.6%), S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus from 10 (4.5%), S. uberis from …

Effects Of Parity And Litter Size On The Energy Contents And Immunoglobulin G Concentrations Of Awassi Ewe Colostrum, Shogo Higaki, Masashi Nagano, Seiji Katagiri, Yoshiyuki Takahashi

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study determined the energy content and immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration of Awassi ewe colostrum and examined the effects of parity and litter size on them. Colostral samples were collected from 57 ewes from the 1st to 7th parities with a litter size of 1 or 2, within 12 h after lambing. Concentrations of colostral fat, lactose, and protein were measured as energy sources, and IgG was measured as representative of the immunoglobulin content of the colostrum. Mean values obtained from analyses of the ewe colostrum samples were 7.4 ± 2.1 kJ/g for the energy value and 60.9 ± 21.4 …

Patellar Fracture And Patellar Tendon Rupture In A Dog, Murat Sarierler, İbrahi̇m Akin, Ali̇ Belge, Nuh Kiliç

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The case of a patellar fracture in a 2-year-old male Chow Chow dog was reported. Clinical examination showed a few superficial wounds, erythema, a slight edema on the lateral aspect of the knee joint, and mild to moderate limping in the right hind leg. The patella was palpated more proximally than expected, while an acute ridge was felt at its distal pole. X-ray examination indicated that it had been fractured into 3 fragments. Following routine surgical preparation and inhalation anesthesia, the right knee joint was accessed through a lateral parapatellar incision. Spongious bone tissue was visible in the articular space …

Intrascrotal Testicular Torsion And Seminoma In A Dog With Chronic Renal Failure, Leandro Zuccolotto Crivellenti, Tathiana Ferguson Motheo, Ricardo Lima Salomão, Daniel Kan Honsho, Cladia Momo

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

A 10-year-old mongrel dog was presented with signs of vomiting, prostration, anorexia, abdominal pain, dyspnea, dysuria, and enhanced scrotal volume. Clinical, laboratory, and radiological examinations showed intrascrotal testicular pathology and chronic renal failure. Emergency treatment was carried out; however, the patient died. Necropsy diagnosed an intrascrotal testicular torsion and seminoma. The aim of the present report is to describe an intrascrotal testicular torsion associated with chronic renal failure in a dog.

Histological Changes In The Bone Structure Induced At 12 Weeks By Experimental Administration Of Bisphosphonates, Horea Artimoniu Almaşan, Mihaela Baciut, Oana Cristina Almaşan, Simion Bran, Grigore Baciut

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Histological changes in bone structure were induced at 12 weeks by experimental administration of bisphosphonates, which have been associated with osteonecrosis of the jaws. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of local administration of bisphosphonate on bone formation in rats. Surgically created bone defects were evaluated at 12 weeks by histological examination after bisphosphonate administration. Fifteen Wistar rats that underwent surgery to create a bone defect at the right femur were divided in 3 groups: 2 experimental groups and a control group. The 1st experimental group received bisphosphonate as a single 1-mL dose into the bone …

The Use Of Progesterone-Supplemented Co-Synch And Ovsynch For Estrus Synchronization And Fixed-Time Insemination In Nulliparous Saanen Goat, Zekari̇ya Nur, Yavuz Nak, Deni̇z Nak, Burcu Üstüner, Bi̇lgi̇ner Tuna, Gözde Şi̇mşek, Hakan Sağirkaya

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The effect of Chronogest-supplemented Ovsynch and Co-synch protocols on estrus synchronization, follicular development, and fertility after fixed-time insemination was investigated in goats during the breeding season. Co-synch (n = 24) and Ovsynch (n = 25) protocols were applied to nulliparous does with a body weight of more than 30 kg. The onset and duration of estrus were determined with teaser bucks. The does were laparoscopically inseminated with 11.5 × 10^6 motile spermatozoa/straw at the second gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) injection for Co-synch and 8 h after the second GnRH injection for Ovsynch. The rates of estrus exhibited in the does were …

Indel Mutation Of The Add1/Srebp-1c Gene In The South Anatolian Red And East Anatolian Red Cattle Breeds, Kemal Özdem Öztabak, Iraz Akiş Akad, Feraye Esen Gürsel, Ati̇la Ateş, Hasret Yardi̇bi̇, Gülhan Türkay Hoştürk

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The present study was designed to determine genotypes of adipocyte determination and differentiation-dependent factor 1 (ADD1)/sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP1c) in South Anatolian Red (SAR) and East Anatolian Red (EAR) cattle. Fifty cattle from the SAR breed and 43 cattle from the EAR breed were used. Intron 7 of the ADD1/SREBP1c gene containing an 84 bp indel mutation was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The number of SS genotyped individuals with the 84 bp deletion associated with fatty acid composition and growth traits were very low in both breeds. The frequency of the LL genotype with the 84 bp …

Economic Benefits Of Using Prebiotic And Probiotic Products As Supplements In Stimulation Feeds Administered To Bee Colonies, Silvia Patruica, Ioan Hutu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Spring stimulation feeding of honeybee colonies (Apis mellifera carpatica) is a very important technique for the encouragement of productive foraging. In addition to improving bee health by creating favorable conditions for the development of a beneficial intestinal bacterial flora, the use of prebiotic and probiotic supplements in the feed promotes good colony development, thus increasing the forager population. This paper presents the results for the economic benefit measured following use of supplements with acidifying substances (acetic and lactic acids) and probiotic products (Enterobiotics and Enterolactis Plus), as well as the synergism between them. A total of 110 bee colonies were …

Main Productive Performance Of Awassi Sheep In The Central Anatolian Region Of Turkey, Hakan Üstüner, Mehmet Mustafa Oğan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study aimed to determine milk yield, fertility, lamb growth, survival rate, and the effect of environmental factors on these parameters in the Awassi sheep of the Central Anatolian Region. The fertility parameters were determined to be as follows: heat rate, pregnancy rate, parturition rate, single-born rate, twinning rate, abortion rate, lamb rate, and number of lambs per parturition, based on the number of ewes assigned for mating, were 100%, 93.8%, 90.5%, 79.7%, 20.3%, 1.4%, 108.8%, and 1.20%, respectively. The survival rates of lambs at 60 and 120 days of age were 88.3% and 84.5%, respectively. The average lactation milk …

Occurrence Of Anti-Toxoplasma Gondii And Neospora Caninum Antibodies In Camels (Camelus Dromedarius) In The Center Of Iran, Hossein Hamidinejat, Masoud Ghorbanpour, Aria Rasooli, Mohammad Nouri, Seyedhossein Hekmatimoghaddam, Mohammad Mehdi Namavari, Mehdi Pourmehdi-Borojeni, Alireza Sazmand

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

During the period from December 2008 to September 2009, we examined 254 serum samples (164 in hot-dry weather and 90 in cold-dry weather) from dromedary camels distributed all over Yazd Province, in the center of Iran. IgG antibodies were assayed by the modified agglutination test (MAT) and Neospora agglutination test (NAT) using whole tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum, incorporating 2-mercaptoethanol, for T. gondii and N. caninum, respectively. Anti-T. gondii antibodies were found in 37 (14.56%) of 254 camels with titers of 1:20 in 7, 1:40 in 6, 1:80 in 8, 1:160 in 1, 1:200 in 4, 1:400 in …

The Effect Of Soy Oil Addition To The Diet Of Broiler Chicks On The Immune Response, Ali Asghar Sadeghi, Mahsa Mirmohseni, Parvin Shawrang, Mehdi Aminafshar

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The objective of this study was to evaluate antibody titers of challenged broiler chicks fed diets supplemented with soy oil. In a completely randomized design, 120 chicks were assigned to 3 treatments (isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets based on corn-soybean meal containing 0%, 2%, or 4% soy oil), with 4 replicates for each treatment and 10 chicks per replicate. The challenging program included vaccination against Newcastle disease (B1 vaccine on day 12 by eye drop; Lasota vaccine on days 19 and 32 by drinking) and infectious bursal disease (Gumboro D78 vaccine on days 12 and 24 by eye drop). Blood samples …

Assessment Of Amiodarone Effects On Intact Cats' Electrocardiograms, Farzad Gouya, Ali Shabestari Asl

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Amiodarone can be used for treatment of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias in canine medicine, but its exact role in feline electrocardiography and its side effects have not been proven. The aim of this study was the evaluation of amiodarone and its different dosages' effects on intact feline heart electrocardiograms. Eight healthy stray cats were selected and control electrocardiogram was obtained. Amiodarone tablets were prescribed twice daily at 10 mg/kg for 7 days. The same protocol was repeated with doses of 15 and 25 mg/kg. Hexagonal electrocardiograms were obtained at the end of each stage. Electrocardiograms were evaluated for P amplitude …

Localization Of Lactobacillus Plantarum In Bacterial Profile Of Conjunctiva Of Clinically Healthy Cattle, Abdullah Araghi Sooreh, Meisam Baniardalan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to determine the normal conjunctival bacterial flora and the effects of sex and age variations on them in healthy cattle in Urmia, Iran. The animals (n = 50) were selected from 2 sexes and divided into 2 age groups. Swabs were taken from the inferior conjunctival sac of both eyes (n = 100) and were cultured on blood and MacConkey agar. All (100%) of the specimens yielded positive bacterial isolations. The bacterial isolates (in order of decreasing frequency) were Lactobacillus plantarum, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and S. aureus. …

Comparative Evaluation Of Indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Rose Bengal Plate Test, Microagglutination Test, And Polymerase Chain Reaction For Diagnosis Of Brucellosis In Buffaloes, Malik Raies Ul Islam, Mohinder Pratap Gupta, Pritam Kaur Sidhu, Gursimran Filia, Hari Mohan Saxena, Tawheed Ahmed Shafi

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In the present study, 178 blood samples from buffaloes were tested against indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA), rose bengal plate test (RBPT), microagglutination test (MAT), modified microagglutination test (mMAT), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to select the most suitable test for efficient and effective diagnosis of bovine brucellosis. Win Episcope 2 software was used to determine the agreement between tests (kappa values at 95% confidence interval). I-ELISA was pair compared with all the other tests. Out of 178 samples, 102 were found positive by I-ELISA, 81 by RBPT, 85 by MAT, 79 by mMAT, and 68 by PCR. Substantial …

The Application Of A Phosphorus Mass Balance Model For Estimating The Carrying Capacity Of Lake Kariba, Lindah Mhlanga, Wilson Mhlanga, Paul Mwera

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to use an empirical mass balance equation to estimate the carrying capacity of Lake Kariba, where cage culture for Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus has been practiced since 1996. The carrying capacity for the lake was estimated at 33.2 × 103 t per year using the Dillon-Rigler phosphorus budget model.

Biocompatibility Of High-Density Porous Polyethylene Covered With Fascia Lata In Dorsal Nasal Augmentation-An Experimental Study In Rabbits, Güven Yildirim, Hasan Alpak, İbrahi̇m Sayin, Vedat Onar

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Ten New Zealand Albino rabbits were used in this study. A lateral incision was made on the nasal dorsum and a pocket formed in the subperiosteal plane to replace the implant. A fascia lata graft was obtained from the regio femoralis. High-density porous polyethylene (HDPP) was cut and covered with fascia lata. The material was positioned in the pocket formed on the nasal dorsum. Four months post-procedure, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to evaluate the resorption of the material. Animals were then sacrificed and the nasal dorsum, including the graft material, was removed and subjected to macroscopic and histopathological …

Detection Of Fecal Coronavirus Antigen In Diarrheic Calves Of High- And Average-Producing Holstein Dairy Cows, Khalil Badiei, Mehrdad Pourjafar, Mohsen Ghane

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

From January to December 2009, 661 fecal samples from natural cases of diarrheic calves were taken by veterinary staff from the Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine of Shiraz Veterinary School and veterinary practitioners in Fars Province, Iran. The samples were taken from 267 diarrheic calves of high-producing dairy cows (HPDCs) and 394 diarrheic calves of average-producing Holstein dairy cows (APDCs). Fecal samples were collected and submitted for the laboratory diagnosis of coronavirus antigens. Herd selection was based on geographical location and density of cattle in the region. All herds had HPDC and APDC coronavirus-infected diarrheic calves in their population. …

Comparative Diagnostic Methods For Canine Ehrlichiosis, Chetan Parmar, Riddhi Pednekar, Anant Jayraw, Mukulesh Gatne

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The efficacy of blood and buffy coat smear examination, commercially available dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was evaluated in the diagnosis of canine ehrlichiosis in 40 dogs exhibiting symptoms suggestive of the disease. The intracytoplasmic rickettsial organisms were seen in the smears of only 1 dog (2.5%) with an extremely low level of parasitemia. Nested PCR with 16S rRNA revealed characteristic 378 bp bands indicating positive reaction in 8 (20.0%) dogs and sera samples of 21 (52.5%) dogs revealed anti-Ehrlichia antibodies. The dog that revealed organisms in the blood also showed positive results with …

Clinical Characteristics, Hematology, And Biochemical Analytes Of Primary Omasal Impaction In Bovines, Syed Aashiq Hussain, Sanjeev Kumar Uppal, Charanjit Randhawa, Naresh Kumar Sood, Shashi Kant Mahajan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was conducted on 11 animals (7 buffaloes and 4 cows) diagnosed with primary omasal impaction. In all the cases, laparorumenotomy was performed and omasal impaction was confirmed based on the consistency of the omasal contents along with an empty abomasum. Signalment, history, clinical signs, clinic-pathologic findings, and treatment were determined. Clinical examination was found to be helpful in subjective assessment of omasal impaction but could not aid in definitive diagnosis. Pain on palpation of the omasal area along with rectal findings could be a diagnostic feature. Neutrophilic leukocytosis was observed in a majority of animals. Total bilirubin, glucose, …