Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Identifying Environmental Health Priorities In Underserved Populations: A Study Of Rural Versus Urban Communities, M. C. Bernhard, M. B. Evans, S. T. Kent, E. Johnson, S. L. Threadgill, S. M. Becker

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Objectives- Understanding and effectively addressing persistent health disparities in minority communities requires a clear picture of members' concerns and priorities. This study was intended to engage residents in urban and rural communities in order to identify environmental health priorities. Specific emphasis was placed on how the communities: defined the term environment; their perceptions of environmental exposures as affecting their health; specific priorities in their communities; and differences in urban versus rural populations.

Study design- A community-engaged approach was used to develop and implement focus groups and compare environmental health priorities in urban versus rural communities.

Methods- A total of eight …

I'M Still Standing: Five Strategies To Survive Going Back To School, Janice Hawkins

Ellmer School of Nursing Faculty Publications

[First paragraph] Making the decision to return to school for a PhD was difficult for me. I feared the unknown but inescapable lifestyle adjustments. I’m resistant to change. When facing life’s cold waters, I wade, rather than plunge. There’s no wading into a PhD program. In spite of my cautious nature, I took the plunge.

Tackling Overweight And Obesity: Does The Public Health Message Match The Science?, Katherine Hafekost, David Lawrence, Francis Mitrou, Therese O'Sullivan, Stephen R. Zubrick

Research outputs 2013

Background

Despite the increasing understanding of the mechanisms relating to weight loss and maintenance, there are currently no validated public health interventions that are able to achieve sustained long-term weight loss or to stem the increasing prevalence of obesity in the population. We aimed to examine the models of energy balance underpinning current research about weight-loss intervention from the field of public health, and to determine whether they are consistent with the model provided by basic science. EMBASE was searched for papers published in 2011 on weight-loss interventions. We extracted details of the population, nature of the intervention, and key …

Addressing The Higher Level Language Skills For The Common Core State Standards In Kindergarten, Ashley Bourque Meaux

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Kindergarten is a critical year, providing a foundation for children’s success in school. With a common set of standards, the Common Core State Standards (CCSS), finalized and made available to states for adoption critical skills in numeracy and literacy will be uniformed from kindergarten through high school. Some children enter school with a sufficient foundation to support success in kindergarten and subsequent years. However, some children either because of lack of exposure during preschool years (e.g., Aikens & Barbarin, 2008; Hart & Risley, 1995; Schacter, 1979; Snow, Burns & Griffin, 1998) or because of language delays associated with developmental disabilities …

Correlates Of Consistent Condom Use Among Female Entertainment Workers In Shanghai, China: A Repeated Measures Analysis, Xiushi Yang, Guomei Xia

Sociology & Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

Female entertainment workers (FEWs) in China are at increased risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections, but correlates of their risky sexual behaviour remain poorly understood. Using data from a series of four surveys, this paper employs repeated measures analysis to identify individual and social correlates of consistent condom use among FEWs in Shanghai. Results reveal that both individual cognitive and social influence factors are statistically significant in their bivariate relationships to consistent condom use with a stable or non-stable partner; only prevention motivation and perceived self-efficacy in condom use remain significant in the multiple regressions. When individual and …

Rural-Urban Migration And Mental And Sexual Health: A Case Study In Southwestern China, Xiushi Yang

Sociology & Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

Massive rural–urban temporary migration has taken place amid China's rapid economic growth and development. Much has been written about the economic causes and consequences of this massive migration; less studied are the potential health and behavioral impacts of migration on migrants. Using data from a population-based sample survey conducted in southwestern China, this paper examines the potential impact of rural–urban migration and post-migration urban living on migrants' mental health and sexual risk behavior. The results suggest that regardless of places of origin and destination temporary migrants had on average poorer mental health and riskier sexual behavior than non-migrants. Compared to …

Teledentistry: A Systematic Review Of Clinical Outcomes, Utilization And Costs, Susan J. Daniel, Lin Wu, Sajeesh Kumar

Dental Hygiene Faculty Publications

Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review is to identify clinical outcomes, health care utilization and costs associated with teledentistry. Relevant databases were searched for articles on teledentistry published until March 2012, reference lists examined and key journals hand searched. Of a possible 58 articles, 19 studies met the inclusion criteria.

Clinical outcomes were generally improved following a teledentistry intervention and satisfaction with teledentistry was consistently high. The few studies examining health care utilization reported mixed findings, but preliminary evidence suggests cost savings for health care facilities.

There is a consistent trend in the literature supporting the efficacy and effectiveness …

Erosive Hand Osteoarthritis Is Associated With Subclinical Atherosclerosis And Endothelial Dysfunction, Athanasios Koutroumpas, Athanasios Giannoukas, Elias Zintzaras, Ekaterini Exarchou, Aris Baliakos, Konstantinos Makaritsis, Lazaros I. Sakkas

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Chronic inflammatory disorders have been associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and increased cardiovascular (CV) risk. Recent evidence suggests that erosive hand osteoarthritis (EOA) has considerable inflammation; therefore, we examined the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction in EOA. Twenty-four patients with EOA and 24 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals without clinical OA were included in the study. No subject had a history of CV disease. Intima-media thickness (IMT) and atheromatous plaques in the common carotid and common femoral arteries were measured by Doppler ultrasonography. The endothelium-dependent, flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and endothelium-independent, sublingual glyceryl trinitrate (NTG)-induced dilatation (NMD) of the brachial …

Recurrence Ptosis After Frontalis Suspension: Evaluation Of Associated Factors, V Layanun, U Tinnangwattana, S. Tirakunwichcha

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background : Congenital blepharoptosis is a common eyelid problem. The treatment mostly used is frontalis suspension due to poor development of levator muscle. Frontalis suspension can be achieved in many ways such as autogenous fascia lata suspension, frontalis muscle transfer, synthetic material suspension including suture materials. Recurrence can be anticipated anyway in all procedures. Frontalis suspension using suture materials has been done for a long time in King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital since most patients were too young to use autogenous fascia lata. We would like to evaluate the recurrence rate and associated factors that influence the outcome. Objective : To …

Extrahepatic Collateral Blood Supply Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma : Prevalence And Success Rate Of Chemoembolization In King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, K Ekajchariya, N Pinjaroen, P. Kosolpun

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background : Extrahepatic collaterals that supply hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were frequently encountered. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) of these vessels increased the efficiency control of tumor. Impact of these collaterals in term of prevalence, success rate of TACE and complication were described. Objective : To find the prevalence of each extrahepatic collateral that supplied HCC and clarify technical success rates and postprocedural complications following TACE of these vessels. Design : Retrospective descriptive study. Materials and Methods : We retrospectively reviewed angiograms and angiographic reports of 1,351 TACE sessions from 602 HCC patients between 2008 - 2010. Patients with tumor supply from extrahepatic …

Effect Of Kinesio Taping Combined With Stretching On Heel Pain And Foot Functional Ability In Persons With Plantar Fasciitis: A Preliminary Study., C Yamsri, P Pensri, P Janwattanakul, S Boonyong, W Romsai, N. Rattanapongbundit

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background : Kinesio taping has been used in conjunction with physical modalities for the treatment of plantar fasciitis. However, there is a lack of evidence to support this benefit. Objective : To investigate the effects of kinesio taping plus stretching compared with stretching alone in patients with plantar fasciitis. Design : Repeated measures experimental design. Setting : Physical Therapy Clinic, the Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University. Materials and Methods : A total of 19 patients with plantar fasciitis were studied. Ten patients received a program of kinesio taping plus stretching, while nine patients received only stretching program. Initially, …

Factors Related To Depression In Elderly Monks In Bangkok Metropolis, T Sriwilas, N. Thavichachat

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background : Depression is a significant mental health problem in the elderly. Its impacts are physical, psychological, emotional and social. Depression can also be found in elderly monks. The study of depression and related factors may help decrease depression in elderly monks. Objective : To examine the depression and associated factors among elderly monks in Bangkok Metropolis. Design : A cross – sectional descriptive study. Setting : Buddhist monasteries in Bangkok Metropolis. Materials and Methods : The data were collected from 214 elderly monks in Bangkok Metropolis. They were selected by Multi-stage Cluster Sampling to respond to a questionnaire. The …

Reliability And Validity Of International Personality Item Pool- Thai Version (Ipip-Thai), J Jatupornphan, C. Nimnuan

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background : In Thailand, there are many personality questionnaires being translated. IPIP which is the personality inventory freely used without authorization or cost; it is also translated into more than 25 languages. However, it has never been translated into Thai language and validated. Objective : To translate and validate the IPIP Personality Inventory for its validity and reliability and also usability. Design : Study of measurement. Setting : Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and Kasem Bundit University. Materials and Method : Data were collected from medical students of the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and students at Kasembandit University using …

Informed Consent, Privacy And Confidentiality Practised By Doctors Of A Tertiary Care Hospital In A Developing Country, Waris Qidwai, Rumina Tabassum, Fahad Hanif Khan, Salman Javed, Syed Mustafa Ali, Kashmira Nanji

Department of Family Medicine

Background: This aim of this study was to assess the degree to which the doctors of a public sector hospital in Karachi adhere to medical ethics during their consultations.
Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, during April-June 2010. 337 patients from Out Patients Departments (OPDs) and wards were recruited through consecutive sampling. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was administered to the participants and they were asked about their demographic profile, and their doctor’s practices regarding obtaining informed consent, respecting privacy and confidentiality, and treatment modalities. Written informed consent was taken from all the …

Role Of Community Based Savings Groups (Cbsgs) Enhancing The Utilization Of Community Midwives In Chitral District Of Pakistan, Qayyum Ali Noorani, Iqbal Azam, Babar T. Shaikh, Tharanga Ranasinghe, Shazia Abbas, Shakeela Wali, Paul Rippey, Wajiha Javed

Department of Family Medicine

Background: Maternal and infant mortality rates in the district of Chitral in Pakistan are alarmingly high. One of the major reasons for this is the inability of women to access skilled care due to the high costs associated with traveling and utilizing such services. The Aga Khan Health Services, Pakistan (AKHSP) in partnership with the national and provincial Maternal, Neonatal and Child Health (MNCH) program, deployed 28 community midwives (CMWs) in remote villages of Chitral district. This program has also established Community-Based Savings Groups (CBSGs) to support and facilitate access to MNCH services, in particular those delivered by the CMWs. …

Successful Surgical Intervention Of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage In The Third Decade Of Life, Awais Ashfaq, Nilay Shah, Mubashir Z. Khan, Mehnaz Atiq, Muneer Amanullah

Department of Surgery Docs

Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (TAPVD) accounts for approximately 1.5% of all congenital heart diseases. It is usually diagnosed in the neonatal period and is rarely seen in adults. We report an unusual case of a patient with TAPVD who was successfully treated at the age of 28 years. We believe that this is the oldest person in the South Asian literature to undergo surgical correction of TAPVD.

Clinical Outcomes Of Surgically Corrected Atrial Septal Defects, Waleed Tariq Siddiqui, Shazia Parveen, Maria Tariq Siddiqui, Muneer Amanullah

Department of Surgery Docs

Objective: To examine the outcomes of surgical repair of atrial septal defects in paediatric and adult patients.
Methods: The retrospective study comprised data of 84 patients who had undergone surgical correction of atrial septal defect at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, between June 2006 and December 2011. All patients with isolated atrial septal defect (ostium secundum, ostium primum and sinus venosus with or without partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection) were included. Clinical and transthoracic echocardiographic data was reviewed. SPSS 17 was used for statistical analysis.
Results: There were no deaths in the study population. The mean time for follow-up …

Utility Of Real-Time Ultrasound-Guided Central Venous Catheterization In Infant Patients In Interventional Radiology At Kcmh, P Kiatrungruangdee, N Pinjaroen, J. Tantivattana

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background : Central venous catheterization (CVC) is an essential procedure in critical care of pediatric patients.Ultrasound-guided CVC shows higher success rate and lower complication rate than conventional anatomical landmark guidance, and has been routinely performed in Interventional Radiology unit, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital (KCMH) for many years. Focusing on infant patient, we want to know the outcomes at our hospital. Objective : To study the outcomes (success rate, complications and complication rate) of using real-time ultrasound-guided CVC in infant patients at KCMH. Design : Retrospective study. Setting : Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University. Methods : We retrospectively …

Simulation And Optimization Modeling For Drive-Through Mass Vaccination – A Generalized Approach, Aman Gupta, Gerald W. Evans, Sunderesh S. Heragu

Decision Science and Analytics - Worldwide

Proper planning and execution of mass vaccination at the onset of a pandemic outbreak is important for local health departments. Mass vaccination clinics are required to be setup and run for naturally occurring pandemic outbreaks or even in response to terrorist attacks, e.g., anthrax attack. Walk-in clinics have often been used to administer vaccines. When a large percentage of a population must be vaccinated to mitigate the ill-effects of an attack or pandemic, drive-through clinics appear to be more effective because a much higher throughput can be achieved when compared to walk-in clinics. There are other benefits as well. For …

Military Trauma And Its Influence On Loudness Perception, Marc A. Fagelson

ETSU Faculty Works

Excerpt: It is often the case that veterans who experience hyperacusis have hearing loss and tinnitus; what sets the patient with PTSD apart is an increased likelihood that will rate sound tolerance problems as more severe than tinnitus and hearing loss.

How To Care For Patients With Diabetes, Tabitha Price

ETSU Faculty Works

Excerpt: More than 25.8 million people in the United States have diabetes. This metabolic disorder is associated with many health complications that result from microvascular and macrovascular diseases.

Lightning Safety: How Is It Conducted At Niaaa Member High Schools?, Mauro Palmero, Andy R. Dotterweich, Gary Lhotsky, Joseph Walker

ETSU Faculty Works

The purposes of this study were to explore the current scenario of interscholastic athletics in regards to the existence and enforcement of lightning safety policies applied to athletic outdoor activities, and to identify the common practices related to lightning safety currently utilized. The results showed that 87.2% of the respondents (N=804) have lightning safety policies. However, only 90.3% of the respondents who have lightning safety policies actually enforce them. It seems that during practices coaches are most commonly responsible for making the decision to stop/resume activity, and that during games athletic directors are most commonly making the call. However, almost …

Case Study Of 2008 Beijing Olympics, Gina-Marie Dipierro

Whittier Scholars Program

The 2008 Beijing Olympic Games was one of the most highly anticipated mega sporting events of the last century. Three billion people worldwide were expected to watch the opening ceremonies. In an international poll, 90% of adults planned on turning their television sets to games. Tourism experts predicted that approximately 2 million tourists would flock to Beijing within the two-week time period of the games, with an estimated 500,000 of these visitors coming from overseas. China invested $42 billion dollars, and time into preparing the city for the competition. China looked to use the games to catapult them into being …

Psychotropic Medication Utilization In Care Home Residents Age 65 Or Older Compared With The Equivalent General Population In Scotland, Tyler P. Stewart

MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects

Purpose: In Scotland, care homes provide assisted living and medical services. Psychotropic medications (antipsychotics, anxiolytics, and hypnotics) may be over utilized in these facilities. This study compared psychotropic medication utilization in elderly care home residents to the equivalent population of non-care home residents. It is hypothesized that patients in care homes utilize psychotropic medications more than non-care home residents.

Methods: Demographic and prescription information for all patients aged 65 years and older on January 1, 2011 who received at least one prescription for a psychotropic medication during 2011 was retrieved from the national Prescribing Information System (PIS). Patients were grouped …

Relationship Between Clandestine Methamphetamine Laboratory Seizures And Burns In Kentucky, David A. Wittmer

MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects

Methamphetamine is a highly addictive stimulant that is synthetically produced using equipment and chemicals available in the community. Its burden to society may be determined through a number of mechanisms, including the imposed strain on healthcare systems. The evolution of methamphetamine use and production methods has led to reports of increased methamphetamine related burn admissions among hospital burn units[1-3] . Current literature identifies an increase in injury severity, comorbid complications, and cost of care associated with methamphetamine related burn injuries[1-5]. The intent of this study is to identify burn injuries in Kentucky and assess whether a statistically significant association exists …

Student-Athletes And Drug Abuse Policies: A Study Of Drug Abuse Policies Of Athletics Departments In A Major Intercollegiate Athletics Conference, Jennifer Hale

MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects

No executive summary.

Screening For Elder Mistreatment Among Older Adults Seeking Legal Assistance Services, Sheryl M. Strasser, Megan Smith, Scott Weaver, Shimin Zheng, Yan Cao

ETSU Faculty Works

Introduction: The aging population is a rapidly growing demographic in the United States. Isolation, limited autonomy, and declining physical and mental health render many older adults vulnerable to elder mistreatment (EM). The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and correlates of EM among a sample of older adults using legal assistance services in Atlanta, Georgia.

Methods: Researchers administered surveys to consenting older adults (aged 60þ) in 5 metro Atlanta community centers that hosted legal assistance information sessions as part of the Elderly Legal Assistance Program. The surveys screened for risk factors and prevalence of EM risk using …

Stability Of Extemporaneously Prepared Lansoprazole Suspension At Two Temperatures, Jordan T. Morrison, Ralph A. Lugo, Jim C. Thigpen, Stacy D. Brown

ETSU Faculty Works

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the stability of a generic lansoprazole product in a 3 mg/mL sodium bicarbonate suspension under room temperature and refrigerated conditions. METHODS Lansoprazole suspensions (3 mg/mL) were prepared in triplicate using an 8.4% sodium bicarbonate vehicle for each storage condition (room temperature and refrigerated). During 1 month, samples from each replicate were periodically removed and analyzed for lansoprazole concentration by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Each sample was spiked with 10 mg/L omeprazole to serve as the internal standard. A positive electrospray LC-MS/MS method was validated over the calibration range of 5 …

Managing A High-Performance Medicaid Program, Eileen Griffin Jd, Trish Riley, Vikki Wachino, Robin Rudowitz

Disability & Aging

Today, the Medicaid program is evolving more rapidly than at any other time in its fifty-year history. States and the federal government are working to maximize the value and efficiency of Medicaid by reforming payment to reward value over volume, integrating effective care coordination across payers, and streamlining key processes like eligibility determinations across coverage programs. Underpinning a state’s ability to implement these reforms is its capacity to manage its Medicaid program effectively and efficiently.

This paper discusses key responsibilities that the federal government and states hold for managing the Medicaid program and identifies the key issues and challenges states …

Children Served By Mainecare, 2012: Survey Findings, Nathaniel J. Anderson Ms, Mph, Kimberley Fox Mpa, Deborah Thayer Mba, Zachariah T. Croll Mph

Medicaid

The purpose of the annual Survey of Children Served by MaineCare is to monitor the quality of services delivered by MaineCare, the State's Medicaid and CHIP program. The 2012 survey examines the experiences of families with children. ages 0-17, who are enrolled in MaineCare using a standardized survey instrument (Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems--CAHPS--4.0H Child Medicaid Health Plan Survey). MaineCare scores very favorably compared with national benchmarks on CAHPS measures of Getting Needed Care, Getting Care Quickly, and How Well the Child's Doctors Community, with ratings at or above the 75th percentile on all the composites and individual …