Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Community-Based Approaches To Mental Health And Conflict Resolution In Post-Conflict Libya, Amanda Lubit

Anthropology Theses

Post-conflict Libya faces the challenges of establishing a national health system that is capable of addressing mental health needs for a population traumatized by decades of repression and a recent war. In order to recover, traumatized populations require feelings of safety, calm, empowerment, connectedness, and hope. To help achieve this outcome, programs must focus on medical and social aspects at both the individual and community level.

As part of an internship experience, I worked with Dr. Omar Reda, a Libyan psychiatrist at Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU) who helps communities, organizations and mental health professionals throughout Libya to address …

The Relation Of Socioeconomic Status, Parental Education, Vocabulary And Language Skills Of Children Who Stutter, Corrin G. Richels, Kia N. Johnson, Tedra A. Walden, Edward G. Conture

Communication Disorders & Special Education Faculty Publications

Purpose: The purpose of this project was to investigate the possible relation between standardized measures of vocabulary/language, mother and father education, and a composite measure of socioeconomic status (SES) for children who do not stutter (CWNS) and children who stutter (CWS).

Methods: Participants were 138 CWNS and 159 CWS between the ages of 2;6 and 6;3 and their families. The Hollingshead Four Factor Index of Social Position (i.e., Family SES) was used to calculate SES based on a composite score consisting of weighted values for paternal and maternal education and occupation. Statistical regression analyses were conducted to investigate the relation …

Skin Cancer - Education And Prevention: The Role Of Social Marketing, Tim Crowley

Theses

Skin cancer is the most common cancer in Ireland and worldwide. Skin cancer rates have been steadily rising in recent times. The high use of sunbeds in both Ireland and the UK is quite worrisome. Skin cancer is caused by over exposure to UV rays or through the use of sunbeds and as a result it is actually a highly preventable disease. It is estimated that 90-95% of all skin cancers are preventable. This thesis focuses on the use of social marketing in order to educate people on the dangers of skin cancer with the eventual aim of making recommendations …

Balancing Science And Politics: The Challenges Of Implementing Medical Marijuana Laws - Introduction, Rebecca Hall

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

The Patient Process And Affordable Care Act Of 2010: Implementation Challenges In The Context Of Federalism, Robert F. Rich, Eric Cheung, Robert Lurvey

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

Strengthening Vendor Standards In The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program: Are Healthier Foods Within Reach?, Mary E. Kennelly, Roni Neff, Lainie Rutkow

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

Shrinking Drug Costs Without Silencing Pharmaceutical Detailers: Maryland's Options After Sorrell V. Ims Health, Kristina L. Miller

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

The Best Of Both Worlds: Applying Federal Commerce And State Police Powers To Reduce Prescription Drug Abuse, Michael C. Barnes, Gretchen Arndt

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

Astrue V. Capato: Forcing A Shoe That Doesn't Fit, Courtney Hannon

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

Seeing The Justice System Through A Soldier's Eyes: A Call To Action For Maryland To Adopt A Veterans Treatment Court System, Beth Totman

Journal of Health Care Law and Policy

No abstract provided.

Weight Loss Surgery Maintenance And Psychosocial Development: A Narrative Perspective, Carrie J. L. Hickman

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Bariatric surgery is not the panacea it was once thought to be for weight loss. Due to patient noncompliance issues, many weight loss surgery patients are relapsing and regaining the significant amounts of weight that bariatric surgery had initially helped them to lose. This failure is costly monetarily, psychologically, and medically to both the patient and to society. Using the narratives of 32 post-weight loss surgery patients, this narrative study explored: (a) whether Erikson's psychosocial stages of development occur after weight loss surgery, (b) whether successful patients (defined as those who are able to maintain their weight loss long term) …

Factors Associated Within 28 Days In-Hospital Mortality Of Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Nadia Sharif, Muhammad Irfan, Javaid Hussain, Javaid Khan

Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care

Objective. To determine the factors leading to in-hospital mortality within 28 days in hospitalized patients with ARDS. It was a prospective observational cohort study conducted in Intensive Care Unit of Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi from March to August 2011. Methodology. Data was collected from patients admitted in the intensive care unit on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The patients were followed daily for 28 days to record any in-hospital complications and the outcome of patients. Results. Total of 46 patients were included during this period out of which 56% (26) were males and 43% (20) were females. …

Bronchial Carcinoid Presenting As Multiple Lung Abscesses, Zeeshan Waheed, Muhammad Irfan, Saulat Fatimi, Ruqaiya Shahid

Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care

Bronchial carcinoid tumours is a rare group of pulmonary malignant neoplasm that is derived from neuroendocrine system. Bronchial carcinoid usually present with hilar masses, atelactasis, bronchiectasis, or post-obstructive pneumonia. This case describes a very unusual presentation of bronchial carcinoid tumour with multiple lung abscesses involving the whole lung. This report is of an adult lady who presented with multiple lung abscesses involving her whole of the right lung. She was found to have an endo-bronchial lesion in her right main bronchus which eventually turned out to be carcinoid tumour. She responded to resection and antibiotic therapy.

Expression Of M. Tuberculosis-Induced Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling (Socs) 1, Socs3, Foxp3 And Secretion Of Il-6 Associates With Differing Clinical Severity Of Tuberculosis, Kiran I. Masood, Martin E. Rottenberg, Naseem Salahuddin, Muhammad Irfan, Nisar Rao, Berit Carow, Muniba Islam, Rabia Hussain, Zahra Hasan

Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care

Background

Appropriate immune activation of T cells and macrophages is central for the control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. IFN-γ stimulated responses are lowered in tuberculosis (TB), while expression of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) molecules – 1 and 3 and CD4⁺CD25⁺FoxP3⁺T regulatory cells is increased. Here we investigated the association of these molecules in regard to clinical severity of TB.

Methods

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from patients with pulmonary TB (PTB, n = 33), extra-pulmonary TB (ETB, n = 33) and healthy endemic controls (EC, n = 15). Cases were classified …

Possible Steps Of Complete Disassembly Of Post-Termination Complex By Yeast Eef3 Deduced From Inhibition By Translocation Inhibitors., Shinya Kurata, Ben Shen, Jun O Liu, Nono Takeuchi, Akira Kaji, Hideko Kaji

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty Papers

Ribosomes, after one round of translation, must be recycled so that the next round of translation can occur. Complete disassembly of post-termination ribosomal complex (PoTC) in yeast for the recycling consists of three reactions: release of tRNA, release of mRNA and splitting of ribosomes, catalyzed by eukaryotic elongation factor 3 (eEF3) and ATP. Here, we show that translocation inhibitors cycloheximide and lactimidomycin inhibited all three reactions. Cycloheximide is a non-competitive inhibitor of both eEF3 and ATP. The inhibition was observed regardless of the way PoTC was prepared with either release factors or puromycin. Paromomycin not only inhibited all three reactions …

Implementation Of Three Times Daily Small Volume Parenteral (Svp) Processing Using Lean Methodology, Phuoc Lynsey Le, Pharmd, Dominick Bulone, Pharmd, Akta S. Patel, Pharmd, Bcps, Glenn Oettinger, Pharmd, Bcps, Dennis Delisle, Mhsa, Pmp

Pharmacy Presentations, Posters, and Grand Rounds

Clinical Importance

• Small volume parenteral (SVP) medications are batch-processed once daily at a 900+ bed academic medical center
• Labels are printed 36 hours before medications are due and prepared and delivered for a 24-hour period
• Therapy changes, discontinuations or patient transfers lead to increased rework, missing doses, and ultimately waste
• Lean methodology was originally developed as a production philosophy and quality
• system with an emphasis on problem solving, partnership, and process improvement1-3
• The Lean philosophy emphasizes the continual identification and elimination of waste in order to maximize value1
• Lean has been used in healthcare with great success4-5

Rituximab Treatment For Antibody-Mediated Rejection (Amr) Following Heart And Kidney Transplant, Laura Falconieri, Ba, Pharmd, Cheryl A. Abbas, Pharmd

Pharmacy Presentations, Posters, and Grand Rounds

Background

Antibody Mediated Rejection (AMR)1,2

• Rejection that occurs due to antibodies against donor-specific antigen (DSA)

– Antibodies activate complement system

– Leads to cell death and tissue necrosis

• Risk Factors

– Pregnancy

– Blood transfusions

– Prior transplantation

• Types of AMR

– Hyperacute

• Occurs within minutes of graft transplantation causing death of the graft

• Due to pre-formed antibodies present in high titers

• Rarely occurs now due to universal cross-matching

– Acute

• Occurs within a few days of transplantation causing graft dysfunction

• Due to pre-formed antibodies or antibodies that develop de novo after …

Use Of Apheresis And Insulin For Hypertriglyceridemia-Induced Pancreatitis And Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Drew Kirk, Pharmd, Cara Mcdaniel, Pharmd, Bcps, Rohit A. Moghe, Pharmd, Msph, Cde

Pharmacy Presentations, Posters, and Grand Rounds

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

• Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common gastrointestinal disease that may result in multiple organ failure and death¹

– Gallstones & alcohol are the most common causes of AP¹

– Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) causes 1-4% of cases, and should be suspected if triglycerides (TG) are > 1,000 mg/dL in the absence of gallstones or history of significant alcohol use¹

– Clinical management of hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis (HTGP) is based primarily on anecdotal evidence and case reports

• Concurrent diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and AP have been described in the literature

– DKA may be a risk factor for AP, but it …

Multi-Nutrient Supplement Improves Hormone Ratio Associated With Cancer Risk., Anthony J. Bazzan, Md, George P Zabrecky, Andrew B. Newberg, Md

Marcus Institute of Integrative Health Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Gynecological cancers are among the most common in women and are directly related to a variety of hormonal factors. One potential risk factor associated with developing a gynecological malignancy is the ratio of two hormone metabolites, 2-Hydroxyestrone (2-HE) and 16alpha-Hydroxyestrone (16alpha-HE). A number of botanical constituents such as indoles, flavonoids, and resveratrol have been shown to have a favorable effect on the metabolic pathways that affect this ratio. The present study was designed to evaluate if a multi-nutrient supplement containing targeted botanical constituents would affect the 2-HE/16 alpha-HE ratio in middle-aged women.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on …

William Edwards Ladd, M.D. (1880-1967): The Description Of His Bands., Pei-Wen Lim, Md, Niels D. Martin, Md, Barry A. Hicks, Md, Charles J. Yeo, Md, Scott W. Cowan, Md

Department of Surgery Gibbon Society Historical Profiles

In the early 20th century, an established surgical specialty catering to pediatric surgery did not exist, and pediatric surgical ailments were operated on by general surgeons. With his devotion to childhood diseases and his unique thinking in surgical development, William E. Ladd would become a leading figure in America by pioneering the field of pediatric surgery.

Dynamic Recruitment Of Micrornas To Their Mrna Targets In The Regenerating Liver., Jonathan Schug, Lindsay B Mckenna, Gabriel Walton, Nicholas Hand, Sarmistha Mukherjee, Kow Essuman, Zhongjie Shi, Yan Gao, Karen Markley, Momo Nakagawa, Vasumathi Kameswaran, Anastassios Vourekas, Joshua R Friedman, Klaus H Kaestner, Linda E Greenbaum

Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Validation of physiologic miRNA targets has been met with significant challenges. We employed HITS-CLIP to identify which miRNAs participate in liver regeneration, and to identify their target mRNAs.

RESULTS: miRNA recruitment to the RISC is highly dynamic, changing more than five-fold for several miRNAs. miRNA recruitment to the RISC did not correlate with changes in overall miRNA expression for these dynamically recruited miRNAs, emphasizing the necessity to determine miRNA recruitment to the RISC in order to fully assess the impact of miRNA regulation. We incorporated RNA-seq quantification of total mRNA to identify expression-weighted Ago footprints, and developed a microRNA …

Dual Fluorescent Molecular Substrates Selectively Report The Activation, Sustainability And Reversibility Of Cellular Pkb/Akt Activity., Duanwen Shen, Mingfeng Bai, Rui Tang, Baogang Xu, Xiaoming Ju, Richard Pestell, Samuel Achilefu

Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

Using a newly developed near-infrared (NIR) dye that fluoresces at two different wavelengths (dichromic fluorescence, DCF), we discovered a new fluorescent substrate for Akt, also known as protein kinase B, and a method to quantitatively report this enzyme's activity in real time. Upon insulin activation of cellular Akt, the enzyme multi-phosphorylated a single serine residue of a diserine DCF substrate in a time-dependent manner, culminating in monophospho- to triphospho-serine products. The NIR DCF probe was highly selective for the Akt1 isoform, which was demonstrated using Akt1 knockout cells derived from MMTV-ErbB2 transgenic mice. The DCF mechanism provides unparalleled potential to …

Increased Levels Of Plasma Soluble Sema4d In Patients With Heart Failure., Qiongyu Lu, Ningzheng Dong, Qi Wang, Wenxiu Yi, Yuxin Wang, Shengjie Zhang, Haibo Gu, Xin Zhao, Xiaorong Tang, Boquan Jin, Qingyu Wu, Lawrence F Brass, Li Zhu

Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Faculty Papers

Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D/CD100) is a 150-kDa transmembrane glycoprotein expressed by platelets and T-cells. When these cells are activated, Sema4D is cleaved proteolytically, generating a biologically active 120-kDa fragment (soluble Sema4D) capable of targeting receptors on platelets, B-cells, endothelial cells and tumor cells. However, its plasma levels and significance in heart failure (HF) have not been reported. In this study, we established an ELISA and detected soluble Sema4D in human plasma. In healthy controls, plasma Sema4D levels were higher in men than women (5.15±3.30 ng/mL, n = 63, vs. 4.19±2.39 ng/mL, n = 63, P

Getting To The Other Side: An Exploration Of The Head And Neck Cancer Treatment Experience, Heather M. Wallace

Theses and Dissertations--Gerontology

Diagnosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) presents a multifarious problem. Late stage diagnosis, uncertainty regarding appropriate clinical treatment, as well as the high potential for disfigurement and functional loss resulting in diminished quality of life, contributes to anxiety, stress, fear, and uncertainty throughout the cancer treatment experience. This qualitative study sought to explore the cancer treatment experience of adults with newly diagnosed HNSCC, including laryngeal, esophageal, and oral cancers. Study participants were recruited from the University of Kentucky Ear Nose and Throat Clinic in Lexington KY. Participants agreed to be interviewed after receipt of their cancer diagnosis …

Owner Of Towing Company Dies When Struck By Box Truck, Kentucky Injury Prevention And Research Center

Fatality Case Reports--Motor Vehicle

In the early morning hours of a summer day, a 49-year-old male owner-operator of a towing company died when he was struck by a driver operating a box truck. The towing company had been called to retrieve a sport utility vehicle (SUV) that had broken down in another state and was returning the vehicle to its owner in Kentucky. It was approximately 4:00 a.m. when the towing company owner and his two sons were on an interstate returning with the SUV, when the operator thought the load felt strange. He parked his tow truck on the right hand shoulder and …

Investigating Key Post-Pks Enzymes From Gilvocarcin Biosynthetic Pathway, Nidhi Tibrewal

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

Gilvocarcin V (GV) belongs to the angucycline class of antibiotics that possesses remarkable anticancer and antibacterial activities with low toxicity. Gilvocarcin exhibits its light induced anticancer activity by mediating crosslinking between DNA and histone H3. When photo-activated by near-UV light, the C8 vinyl group forms a [2+2] cycloadduct with thymine residues of double stranded DNA. _D-fucofuranose is considered essential for histone H3 interactions. However, the poor water solubility has rendered it difficult to develop gilvocarcin as a drug. We aim to design novel gilvocarcin analogues with improved pharmaceutical properties through chemo-enzymatic synthesis and mutasynthesis. Previous studies have characterized many …

Effect Of Beef Heifer Development System On Adg, Reproduction, And Feed Efficiency During First Pregnancy, Adam F. Summers, T. L. Meyer, Stetson P. Weber Weber, Rick N. Funston

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

This study evaluated the effect of post-weaning development system on heifer ADG, reproductive performance, and subsequent feed efficiency as a pregnant heifer. Heifers were developed on dormant pasture and grazed corn residue or dormant pasture and placed in a drylot. The following winter, a subset of pregnant heifers were placed in a Calan Broadbent individual feeding system during late gestation. Drylot-developed heifers had greater BW from pre-breeding through pregnancy diagnosis and greater overall ADG during development. However, there was no difference in reproductive performance. Pre-calving BW, ADG, and G:F tended to be greater for drylot heifers. Heifers developed on corn …

Heifers With Low Antral Follicle Counts Have Low Birth Weights And Produce Progeny With Low Birth Weights, Adam F. Summers, Robert A. Cushman, Karl Moline Moline, Jeff Bergman, Andrea S. Cupp

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

To determine the relationship of antral follicle count and heifer BW, reproductive tract characteristics, and first-calf performance, Red Angus-composite heifers were used over three years. High antral follicle count heifers had greater BW from birth through pre-breeding. Progeny birth BW was greater for calves born to high antral follicle count heifers compared to low antral follicle count heifers. Taken together these data indicate a relationship between antral follicle counts and BW through the first breeding season and corresponding progeny, and continues to support a possible link between genes that influence growth and development and establishment of ovarian reserve.

Effect Of Two Estrus Synchronization Protocols On Reproductive Performance Of May Calving Cows, John D. Harms, Adam F. Summers, Jacqueline Musgrave Musgrave, Rick Funston

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

The objective of this experiment was to determine the effectiveness of fixed-time AI utilizing one of two estrus synchronization protocols, CO-Synch or CO-Synch + CIDR, in May-calving cows. Cows synchronized with the CO-Synch + CIDR protocol had increased AI and overall pregnancy rates compared to cows synchronized utilizing the CO-Synch protocol. Due to increased AI pregnancy rates, CO-Synch + CIDR cows calved earlier, resulting in a greater proportion of cows calving within the first 21 days of the calving season compared to CO-Synch cows.

Efficacy Of Newborn Bovine Dna Samples Taken Via Different Mediums In Assigning Paternity, Jeremy T. Howard, Lynsey K. Whitacre, Matthew L. Spangler Spangler

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

DNA samples from 25 newborn calves taken via hair, ear notch, and nasal swabs were used to determine the efficacy of sampling method in assigning parentage. Nasal swab samples were collected at six time points from birth to 120 hours post-birth. Calf samples and all candidate sires were genotyped with a 99 SNP parentage panel. Nasal swab collection time did not result in significant differences in the ability to assign the correct sire, although differences were seen in apparent cleanliness of the sample. Clean nasal swab samples are comparable in efficacy to hair and ear notch samples in assigning parentage.