Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Use Of Music Stimulation To Increase On-Task Behavior In Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder And Language Processing Disorder, Chelsea Fitch

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Previous research has investigated the effect of music stimulation on children with autism (Boso, Emanuele, Minazzi, Abbamonte, & Politi, 2007; Brownell, 2002; Finnigan & Starr, 2010; Kuhlman & Schweinhart (n.d.); Lundqvist, Andersson, & Viding, 2009; Orr, Myles, & Carlson, 1998; Wood, 1991) with mixed results. The National Standards project has categorized music therapy as an "emerging" treatment methodology, indicating that more research is needed to fully examine its effectiveness when used in intervention for individuals with autism (National Autism Center, 2012). Reviews of the literature have indicated that children with language processing disorder may also benefit from music stimulation (Geist, …

Cognitive Aspects Of Stuttering, Megan Tredway

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Along with difficulties to produce fluent speech, individuals who stutter have been found to display differences in other areas of communication, such as language, articulation, reading, and cognitive abilities, as well as working memory. Working memory is a higher cognitive function underlying thinking and learning; therefore, reduced working memory skills may contribute to the variety of difficulties experienced by individuals who stutter. The purpose of this study was to investigate the working memory abilities of children who stutter. A relationship has been found between working memory skills and producing efficient discourse. The present study explored the relationship between working memory …

Antibiotic Resistance In Foodborne Pathogens, Ciara Walsh, Geraldine Duffy

Reports

Wide-spread antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens is now a serious public health issue and multi-antibiotic resistance has been reported in many foodborne pathogens including Salmonella and E. coli. A study to determine antibiotic resistance profiles of a range of Salmonella and Verocytotoxigenic E.coli (VTEC) isolated from Irish foods revealed significant levels of antibiotic resistance in the strains. S. typhimurium DT104 were multiantibiotic resistant with 97% resistant to 7 antibiotics. S. Dublin and S. Agona showed lower levels of antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance among VTEC isolates was generally low but two isolates of E. coli O157:H7 from minced beef were shown …

Evidence Of Lower Macular Pigment Optical Density In Chronic Open Angle Glaucoma, Estera Igras, James Loughman, Matthew Ratzlaff, Ronal O'Caoimh, Colm O'Brien

Articles

Background/aims Macular pigment (MP) plays an important role in visual function and in the protection of the retina from oxidative damage. It is not known whether glaucoma, a progressive neurodegenerative disease of the optic nerve, is associated with alterations in MP. This study was designed to investigate the relationship, if any, between the optical density of MP optical density (MPOD) and glaucoma.

Methods 40 subjects (23 males, 17 females) with open angle glaucoma (mean age 69 ±11), and 54 normal controls (23 males, 31 females) without ocular disease (mean age 66 ±11), visual acuity (VA) >6/18, were recruited, and underwent …

Suitability And Repeatability Of A Photostress Recovery Test Device, The Macular Degeneration Detector (Mdd-2), For Diabetes And Diabetic Retinopathy Assessment, James Loughman, Matthew Ratzlaff, Brittany Foerg, Paul Connell

Articles

Background: Diabetic retinopathy can result in impaired photostress recovery time despite normal visual acuity and fundoscopic appearance. The Macular Degeneration Detector (MDD-2) is a novel flash photostress recovery time device. In this study, we examine the repeatability of the MDD-2 in normal and diabetic subjects. Methods: One hundred and ninety one (90 women, 101 men) subjects were recruited and divided into 1 of the 3 study groups (normal controls, n = 40; diabetes no retinopathy, n = 98; nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, n = 53). Photostress recovery time was measured three times in the study eye using the MDD-2, each measurement …

The Development Of A Public Optometry System In Mozambique: A Cost Benefit Analysis, Stephen Thompson, James Loughman

Conference Papers

No abstract provided.

National Children's Dental Health Month Activity Book (2013), American Dental Association Foundation

National Children's Dental Health Month

No abstract provided.

Generation And Characterization Of Peptide Fusion Proteins, Brianna L. Probasco

Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Theses and Dissertations

Pathogenic Th17 cells drive progression of many autoimmune diseases. Th17 cells develop from naïve T cells in the immune system after antigen-driven stimulation in a specific cytokine environment. Normally, T cells act to fight off infection, but when not properly controlled, they can cause disease. The cytokine interleukin-23 (IL-23) plays an essential role in the expansion of pathogenic Th17 cells. IL-23 is a heterodimeric protein, composed of a p19 alpha chain and a p40 beta chain. The p40 is also part of IL-12 and binds to the IL-12 receptor beta 1 (IL-12Rβ1) subunit. Thus, it follows that the IL-23 receptor …

Prolonged Pain Research In Mice: Trends In Reference To The 3rs, Jonathan Balcombe, Hope Ferdowsian, Lauren Briese

Experimentation Collection

This literature review documents trends in the use of mice in prolonged pain research, defined herein as research that subjects mice to a source of pain for at least 14 days. The total amount of prolonged pain research on mice has increased dramatically in the past decade for the 3 pain categories examined: neuropathic, inflammatory, and chronic pain. There has also been a significant rise in the number of prolonged mouse pain studies as a proportion of all mouse studies and of all mouse pain studies. The use of transgenic mice has also risen significantly in prolonged pain research, though …

Humane Society International’S Global Campaign To End Animal Testing, Troy Seidle

Experimentation Collection

The Research & Toxicology Department of Humane Society International (HSI) operates a multifaceted and science-driven global programme aimed at ending the use of animals in toxicity testing and research. The key strategic objectives include: a) ending cosmetics animal testing worldwide, via the multinational Be Cruelty-Free campaign; b) achieving near-term reductions in animal testing requirements through revision of product sector regulations; and c) advancing humane science by exposing failing animal models of human disease and shifting science funding toward human biology-based research and testing tools fit for the 21st century. HSI was instrumental in ensuring the implementation of the March 2013 …

A Vision Becoming Reality, Gill Langley

Laboratory Experiments Collection

Non-animal science in toxicology and health research has been progressing for decades, but only now is it being seen widely as advanced science. The emergence of novel human biology-based tools and models, combined with legislative and regulatory change, a 21st century concept for toxicology, continuing failures in the drug pipeline, and systematic critiques of animal models, have created a pivotal moment of change. The leading edge is starting to become the norm. Humans and other animals are likely to benefit as a result.

Food For Thought … Mechanistic Validation, Thomas Hartung, Sebastian Hoffman, Martin Stephens

Experimentation Collection

Validation of new approaches in regulatory toxicology is commonly defined as the independent assessment of the reproducibility and relevance (the scientific basis and predictive capacity) of a test for a particular purpose. In large ring trials, the emphasis to date has been mainly on reproducibility and predictive capacity (comparison to the traditional test) with less attention given to the scientific or mechanistic basis. Assessing predictive capacity is difficult for novel approaches (which are based on mechanism), such as pathways of toxicity or the complex networks within the organism (systems toxicology). This is highly relevant for implementing Toxicology for the 21st …

History Of The 3rs In Toxicity Testing: From Russell And Burch To 21st Century Toxicology, Martin L. Stephens, Nina S. Mak

Humane Science Movement Collection

Toxicity testing is a key part of the process of assessing the hazards, safety, or risk that chemicals and other substances pose to humans, animals, or the environment. Standardized methods for such testing, typically involving animals, began to emerge during the first half of the 20th century. In 1959, British scientists William Russell and Rex Burch proposed a framework for reducing, refining, or replacing animal use in toxicology and other forms of biomedical experimentation. This “3Rs” or “alternatives” approach emerged at a time of growing sensitivity to the use of animals in experimentation, and progress in its implementation has been …

Evidence-Based Toxicology For The 21st Century: Opportunities And Challenges, Martin L. Stephens, Melvin E. Andersen, Richard A. Becker, Kellyn Betts, Kim Boekelheide, Ed Carney, Robert Chapin, Dennis Devlin, Suzanne C. Fitzpatrick, John R. Fowle Iii, Patricia Harlow, Thomas Hartung, Sebastian Hoffman, Michael P. Holsapple, Abigail Jacobs, Richard Judson, Olga Naidenko, Tim Pastoor, Grace Patlewicz, Andrew Rowan, Roberta Scherer, Rashid Shaikh, Ted Simon, Douglas Wolf, Joanne Zurlo

Toxicology and Animal Models in Research Collection

The Evidence-based Toxicology Collaboration (EBTC) was established recently to translate evidence-based approaches from medicine and health care to toxicology in an organized and sustained effort. The EBTC held a workshop on “Evidence-based Toxicology for the 21st Century: Opportunities and Challenges” in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA on January 24-25, 2012. The presentations largely reflected two EBTC priorities: to apply evidence-based methods to assessing the performance of emerging pathwaybased testing methods consistent with the 2007 National Research Council report on “Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century” as well as to adopt a governance structure and work processes to move that …

Canine Chronic Kidney Disease In Uk Veterinary Practices: Prevalence, Risk Factors And Survival, D. G. O'Neill, J. Elliott, D. B. Church, P. D. Mcgreevy, P. C. Thomson, D. C. Brodbelt

Epidemiology Collection

Analyses covering 107,214 dogs attending 89 UK practices aimed to estimate the prevalence and identify risk factors associated with canine chronic kidney disease (CKD) diagnosis and survival. The apparent prevalence (AP) was estimated using a cross-sectional approach while the true prevalence (TP) was estimated using Bayesian analysis. A nested case-control study design was used to evaluate risk factors. Survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan-Meier survival curve method and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression modelling. CKD AP was estimated at 0.21% and TP at 0.37%. CKD risk factors included increasing age, being insured and certain breeds. The median survival time …

Local Dynamic Stability Associated With Load Carrying, Jian Liu, Thurmon E. Lockhart

Computer Sciences and Electrical Engineering Faculty Research

Objectives: Load carrying tasks are recognized as one of the primary occupational factors leading to slip and fall injuries. Nevertheless, the mechanisms associated with load carrying and walking stability remain illusive. The objective of the current study was to apply local dynamic stability measure in walking while carrying a load, and to investigate the possible adaptive gait stability changes.

Methods: Current study involved 25 young adults in a biomechanics research laboratory. One tri-axial accelerometer was used to measure three-dimensional low back acceleration during continuous treadmill walking. Local dynamic stability was quantified by the maximum Lyapunov exponent (maxLE) from a nonlinear …

The College Of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University

Jackrabbits Script and Scope (Formerly called College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions Magazine)

[Page] 2 Dr. Dwivedi retires Leaving a legacy of great accomplishment.
[Page] 7 Interprofessional education Students join forces to improve health outcomes.
[Page] 8 Faculty scholar award Faculty scholar award helps bridge gap between lab, marketplace.
[Page] 9 Where are they now? Ph.D. Grads: In U.S., China, India teaching, doing research.
[Page] 12 Technology in practice lab SimMan makes students think critically.
[Page] 13 Teaching certificate Teaching certificate helps pharmacists in workplace, classroom.
[Page]14 Keo Glidden Smith fall convocation Scripps scientist details therapeutic research.
[Page] 16 VALOR program VALOR internship: the residency before the residency. [Page] 17 Alumnus of the …

Parental Feeding Practices In Mexican American Families: Initial Test Of An Expanded Measure, Jeanne M. Tschann, Steven E. Gregorich, Carlos Penilla, Lauri A. Pasch, Cynthia L. De Groat, Elena Flores, Julianna Deardorff, Louise C. Greenspan, Nancy F. Butte

School of Education Faculty Research

Background: Although obesity rates are high among Latino children, relatively few studies of parental feeding practices have examined Latino families as a separate group. Culturally-based approaches to measurement development can begin to identify parental feeding practices in specific cultural groups. This study used qualitative and quantitative methods to develop and test the Parental Feeding Practices (PFP) Questionnaire for use with Mexican American parents. Items reflected both parent’s use of control over child eating and child-centered feeding practices.

Methods: In the qualitative phase of the research, 35 Latino parents participated in focus groups. Items for the PFP were developed from focus …

A Case Study On Application Of The Theory Of Planned Behaviour: Predicting Physical Activity Of Adolescents In Hong Kong, Wai Kuen, Vic Mok, Annie Y.K. Lee

Staff Publications

Objective: The aim of this case study was to predict the physical activity intention and behaviour of secondary school students in Hong Kong by applying the Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and past physical activity behaviour.

Methods: 486 students (250 male and 236 female), ranging in age from 11 to 18 years, were enrolled in this study. By means of self-administrated questionnaire, demographic data, past physical activity and variables of theory of planned behaviour, such as attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control were measured.

Results: About 75% of students did not meet the standard of the physical activity …

Ua60/5 Wku Dental Hygiene Class Of 2013, Wku Dental Hygiene

WKU Administration Documents

Members of the 2013 dental hygiene class: Courtney Bell, SADHA representative; Kayla Ferrell, historian; Brooke Yokley, secretary; Ashton Pyles, president; Autumn Markwell, vice president; Ashley Burden, treasurer; Emily White, historian; Shanna Moore, SADHA representative; Sara Jeffers, class representative; Brooklynn Smith, class representative; Loren Bevier, Lara Boothe, Catilin Bowen, Railey Cardwell, Hillary Curd, Kayci Freeman, Kenzie Gaines, Christine Guire, Kellie Hawkins, Brittany Hendricks, Jade Johnson, Miranda Kingsbury, Ali Omer, Allison Riedling, Tara Sherfey, Emiley Smiley, Amanda Williams and Mindy Woosley.

Hydraphiles: A Rigorously Studied Class Of Synthetic Channel Compounds With In Vivo Activity, Saeedeh Negin, Bryan Smith, Alexandra Unger, W. Leevy, George Gokel

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Overweight, Obesity, And Neighborhood Characteristics Among Postpartum Latinas, Colleen Keller, Michael Todd, Barbara Ainsworth, Kathryn Records, Sonia Vega-Lopez, Paska Permana, Dean Coonrod, Allison Williams

Nursing Faculty Works

Background. Weight gain during the childbearing years and failure to lose pregnancy weight after birth contribute to the development of obesity in Latinas. Design and Methods. Madres para la Salud (Mothers for Health) is a 12-month prospective, randomized controlled trial exploring a social support intervention with moderate-intensity physical activity to effect changes in body fat, systemic and fat tissue inflammation, and depression symptoms in sedentary postpartum Latinas. This paper describes the initial body composition of the sample, social support, and neighborhood contextual correlations of overweight and obese Latina mothers within the first 6 months after birth. Results. The mean body …

Generation Of Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species And Genotixity Effect To Exposure Of Nanosized Polyamidoamine (Pamam) Dendrimers In Plhc-1 Cells In Vitro, Pratap Naha, Hugh Byrne

Articles

Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers elicit systematically variable cyto- and eco-toxic responses, promising the basis for structure activity relationships governing nanotoxicological responses. Increased production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), genotoxicity and apoptosis due to in-vitro exposure of hepatocellular carcinoma cells to dendrimer generations G-4, G-5 and G-6 is demonstrated. A generation dependent increase in ROS and genotoxicity was observed, consistent with our previous studies. The responses correlate well with the number of surface amino groups per generation. Although ROS production initially increases approximately linearly, it saturates at higher doses. Notably, normalised to molar dose of surface amino groups, the dose-dependent ROS …

Vibrational Spectroscopy In Sensing Radiobiological Effects: Analyses Of Targeted And Non-Targeted Effects In Human Keratinocytes, Aidan Meade, Orla L. Howe, Valerie Unterreiner, Ganesh Sockalingum, Hugh Byrne, Fiona Lyng

Articles

Modern models of radiobiological effects include mechanisms of damage initiation, sensing and repair, for those cells that directly absorb ionizing radiation as well as those that experience molecular signals from directly irradiated cells. In the former case, the effects are termed targeted effects while, in the latter, non-targeted effects. It has emerged that phenomena occur at low doses below 1Gy in directly irradiated cells which are associated with cell-cycle dependent mechanisms of DNA damage sensing and repair. Likewise in non-targeted bystander irradiated cells the effect saturates at 0.5Gy. Both effects at these doses challenge the limits of detection of vibrational …

Single-Tier Testing With The C6 Peptide Elisa Kit Compared With Two-Tier Testing For Lyme Disease, Gary P. Wormser, Martin Schriefer, Maria E. Aguero-Rosenfeld, Andrew Levin, Allen C. Steere, Robert B. Nadelman, John Nowakowski, Adriana Marques, Barbara J. Johnson, J Stephen Dumler

NYMC Faculty Publications

For the diagnosis of Lyme disease, the 2-tier serologic testing protocol for Lyme disease has a number of shortcomings including low sensitivity in early disease; increased cost, time, and labor; and subjectivity in the interpretation of immunoblots. In this study, the diagnostic accuracy of a single-tier commercial C6 ELISA kit was compared with 2-tier testing. The results showed that the C6 ELISA was significantly more sensitive than 2-tier testing with sensitivities of 66.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 61.7-71.1) and 35.2% (95% CI 30.6-40.1), respectively (P < 0.001) in 403 sera from patients with erythema migrans. The C6 ELISA had sensitivity statistically comparable to 2-tier testing in sera from Lyme disease patients with early neurologic manifestations (88.6% versus 77.3%, P = 0.13) or arthritis (98.3% versus 95.6%, P = 0.38). The specificities of C6 ELISA and 2-tier testing in over 2200 blood donors, patients with other conditions, and Lyme disease vaccine recipients were found to be 98.9% and 99.5%, respectively (P < 0.05, 95% CI surrounding the 0.6 percentage point difference of 0.04 to 1.15). In conclusion, using a reference standard of 2-tier testing, the C6 ELISA as a single-step serodiagnostic test provided increased sensitivity in early Lyme disease with comparable sensitivity in later manifestations of Lyme disease. The C6 ELISA had slightly decreased specificity. Future studies should evaluate the performance of the C6 ELISA compared with 2-tier testing in routine clinical practice.

The Effects Of An Educational Support Group Intervention On Nurse Manager Burnout, Donna Faviere

Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection)

The purpose of this capstone project was to assess whether an educational support group intervention would increase the level of engagement among Nurse Managers (NM) at an acute care facility. NMs play a key role in helping an organization achieve strategic goals and financial outcomes. These complex demands put the NM at high risk to experience occupational stress, which may lead to burnout (Shirey, 2006). Based on this assessment the research questions: what is the level of engagement among NMs at an acute care facility before and after an educational support group intervention was developed? The goal of the intervention …

Modulation Of The Axon-Reflex Response To Local Heat By Reactive Oxygen Species In Subjects With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Marvin S. Medow, Arun Aggarwal, Ila Baugham, Zachary Messer, Julian M. Stewart

NYMC Faculty Publications

Local cutaneous heating causes vasodilation as an initial first peak, a nadir, and increase to plateau. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulate the heat plateau in healthy controls. The initial peak, due to C-fiber nociceptor-mediated axon reflexes, is blunted with local anesthetics and may serve as a surrogate for the cutaneous response to peripheral heat. Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) subjects report increased perception of pain. To determine the role of ROS in this neurally mediated response, we evaluated changes in cutaneous blood flow from local heat in nine CFS subjects (16-22 yr) compared with eight healthy controls (18-26 yr). We heated …

Increased Serum And Musculotendinous Fibrogenic Proteins Following Persistent Low-Grade Inflammation In A Rat Model Of Long-Term Upper Extremity Overuse., Helen G L Gao, Paul W Fisher, Alex G Lambi, Christine K Wade, Ann E Barr-Gillespie, Steven N Popoff, Mary F Barbe

Department of Physical Therapy Faculty Papers

We examined the relationship between grip strength declines and muscle-tendon responses induced by long-term performance of a high-repetition, low-force (HRLF) reaching task in rats. We hypothesized that grip strength declines would correlate with inflammation, fibrosis and degradation in flexor digitorum muscles and tendons. Grip strength declined after training, and further in weeks 18 and 24, in reach limbs of HRLF rats. Flexor digitorum tissues of reach limbs showed low-grade increases in inflammatory cytokines: IL-1β after training and in week 18, IL-1α in week 18, TNF-α and IL-6 after training and in week 24, and IL-10 in week 24, with greater …

Nutrition Care Manual, Carolyn Schubert, Amanda Hedrick

Libraries

Developed by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Nutrition Care Manual serves as an evidence-based, point-of-care tool for students, educators, and professionals. The content covers the most common nutrition issues, professional background information, treatment plans, and patient education information. However, the user interface is confusing with few paths for logical search or navigation and lacks many of the common features users expect from most electronic resources, such as permalinks or mobile viewing. While the content and flexibility meet a previously unfulfilled need in allied health resources, the interface problems hinder maximum utilization of the content quickly.

Health Sciences Information Literacy In Cms Environments: Learning From Our Peers, Tierney Lyons, Stefanie Warlick

Libraries

With academic institutions’ adoption of Course/Learning Management Systems (CMS), librarians are increasingly providing content through this delivery method. This study aims to identify practical information for librarians considering CMS content development or re-evaluation of online offerings.