Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Utility Of At-Sat In Hiring Graduates Of An Air-Traffic Collegiate Training Initiative Program, Linda G. Pierce, M. Kathryn Bleckley

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

The FAA recruits applicants for Air Traffic Control Specialist (ATCS) positions from multiple sources. Each hiring source has requirements that applicants must meet for eligibility. These hiring sources include the Air Traffic – Collegiate Training Initiative (AT-CTI), for applicants with specialized education in air traffic control (ATC) and General Public (GP), for applicants with no prior ATC education or experience. Both AT-CTI and GP applicants must take and pass the Air Traffic Selection and Training (AT-SAT), a computerized pre-employment test battery designed to assess an applicant’s aptitude for performing the duties of an ATCS. The current research effort compares the …

Communication Sequences In Controller Pilot Communications, Jonathan Histon, Esa Rantanen, Cecilia Ovesdotter Alm

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

Temporal patterns in the content of controller-pilot communications can reflect strategies and techniques used by controllers. Introducing data-based communication systems may profoundly impact these strategies and techniques. To establish a baseline of existing patterns in controllerpilot voice communications, analysis is presented of the content of air-ground communications between pilots and controllers from North American operations. Results are presented of the relative frequency of common sequences of communication events and how these vary in response to changes in weather conditions. Methodological challenges in sequence analysis as well as implications of the results for understanding effect of changes in communication technology on …

The Psychomotor Vigilance Test: Sources Of State And Trait Variance, Hans-Juergen Hoermann

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

Within the context of pilot and air traffic controller selection tests the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT, Dinges & Powell, 1985) was evaluated for its underlying sources of variance. The PVT is a simple visual reaction time task, which is well established as a measure of alertness during sustained operations. It provides scores for mean reaction times and number of lapses. While the PVT has proven sensitivity for temporary states of fatigue and other stressors in withinsubjects designs, validation studies are lacking to examine it for potential sources of trait variance, which could lead to confounding effects. This paper presents results …

Controller – Pilot Communications In The Presence Of Asynchronous Uas Radar Surveillance Data, Xiaochen Yuan, Jonathan Histon, Catherine Burns, Steven Waslander, Reza Dizaji

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

Integrating Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) into controlled airspace will create challenges for the pilots and controllers who need information about the UAS. This paper presents a preliminary study of the effect of differential time delays, or asynchrony, in the distribution of UAS surveillance information to controllers and pilots. Effects on controller-pilot communication were observed through 6 distinct measures of both objective performance and subjective self-evaluation. Larger time delays had an observable impact on all of the observed measures; comparison of pilot and controller results showed that the operator with the most updated information consistently experiences less frustration and feels the …

Flight Deck Audio Displays: Striking The Right Tone In Future Designs, Mitchell L. Serber

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

The 2009 accident involving Air France Flight 447 illustrates the gap between visual and auditory display design and implementation in commercial aircraft. By examining the successful evolution of Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System (EGPWS) and Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) to incorporate both audio and visual alerting and resolution guidance to flight crews, a contrast is drawn with similar aids available in advance of aircraft upset episodes. A universal approach for future design should incorporate harmonized video and audio displays providing optimized alerting and guidance along with the latest in simulator training designed to emphasize aircraft state awareness …

Individual Differences In Perception And Performance Of Advanced Navigation Systems, Andre Garcia, Jesse Eisert, John Payne, Carryl L. Baldwin, Victor Finomore

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

We examined individual differences in use and preference for tactile route guidance formats. Participants drove a simulated vehicle through counterbalanced pairings of four distinct cities using one of four navigation systems (three tactile and one auditory control). One tactile system used only pulse rate, the second system used only tactor location, and the third used both pulse rate and location to convey guidance instructions. All navigation systems provided both a preliminary and an immediate cue indicating to take the next most immediate turn. Individual differences in sense of direction resulted in different preference ratings without any observed performance differences. The …

The Impact Of Cognitive Psychology In Minimizing Human Errors, Patrik Jonzon

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

Working towards zero accidents – Experience from education and supervision of pilots and air traffic controllers (ATC) from the Royal Danish Air Force gives us a model on how to apply the latest clinical psychology methods and research, and combine it with Human Factor models.

What is behind accidents? Errors, so can you talk about zero errors? Everyone knows that this is utopia; the question is rather how we can understand errors, minimize errors and minimize the effect of errors. The goal of this paper is to contribute to a theoretical and practical understanding of how to use the research …

The Healthy Lifestyle Center: A Case Study Illustrating The Opportunities And Challenges Confronting Local Health Departments In Preventing Chronic Disease, Katherine Anne Kemper Blossom

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Obesity is at epidemic levels in the United States, and is directly associated with decreased life expectancy, reduced quality of life, and increased health care costs. Public health system partners agree that reversing obesity trends will require a concerted effort led by government as well as business and civic organizations and that a multi-faceted approach will be needed to transform communities into places where the healthy choice becomes the easy choice for everyone. A foundational role for local health departments is to promote healthy behaviors. Public Health – Dayton & Montgomery County (PHDMC) has a history of providing community-based health …

Changes In Food Selection After Implementation Of A Nutritional Labeling Program In A Worksite Cafeteria, Brenda Bodenmiller

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

This quantitative study examined the individual employee selection changes that occur in cafeteria purchases after the implementation of nutritional information point of purchase campaign in a hospital worksite. The study utilized data received from daily sales. Twelve selected variables were obtained from the labeling campaign. One entrée, soup, side item, and dessert were chosen from each of the nutrition color categories: red, yellow, and green. A comparison of the monthly sales totals for the selected menu items from each category (red, yellow, green) items was completed. Each monthly total was compared for any identifiable trends. The original analysis plan was …

Ethanol Regulation Of Serum Glucocorticoid Kinase 1 Expression In Dba2/J Mouse Prefrontal Cortex, Blair N. Costin, Seth M. Dever, Michael F. Miles

Pharmacology and Toxicology Publications

Background

We previously identified a group of glucocorticoid-responsive genes, including Serum Glucocorticoid kinase 1 (Sgk1), regulated by acute ethanol in prefrontal cortex of DBA2/J mice. Acute ethanol activates the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (HPA) causing release of glucocorticoids. Chronic ethanol dysregulates the HPA response in both humans and rodents, possibly contributing to important interactions between stress and alcoholism. Because Sgk1regulates ion channels and learning and memory, we hypothesized that Sgk1 contributes to HPA-dependent acute and adaptive neuronal responses to ethanol. These studies characterized acute and chronic ethanol regulation of Sgk1 mRNA and protein and their relationship with ethanol actions …

Cannabinoid Cb2 Receptors Regulate Central Sensitization And Pain Responses Associated With Osteoarthritis Of The Knee Joint, James J. Burston, David R. Sagar, Pin Shao, Mingfeng Bai, Emma King, Louis Brailsford, Jenna M. Turner, Gareth J. Hathway, Andrew J. Bennett, David A. Walsh, David A. Kendall, Aron H. Lichtman, Victoria Chapman

Pharmacology and Toxicology Publications

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the joint is a prevalent disease accompanied by chronic, debilitating pain. Recent clinical evidence has demonstrated that central sensitization contributes to OA pain. An improved understanding of how OA joint pathology impacts upon the central processing of pain is crucial for the identification of novel analgesic targets/new therapeutic strategies.

Inhibitory cannabinoid 2 (CB2) receptors attenuate peripheral immune cell function and modulate central neuro-immune responses in models of neurodegeneration. Systemic administration of the CB2 receptor agonist JWH133 attenuated OA-induced pain behaviour, and the changes in circulating pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines exhibited in this model. Electrophysiological studies revealed that …

Clinical Effectiveness Of Baclofen For The Treatment Of Alcohol Dependence: A Review, J. G. Leung, J. L. Brennan, J. P. Gagliardi, S. K. Rivelli, A. J. Muzyk

Pharmacy Practice

No abstract provided.

Acclimatization To Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia In Mine Workers: A Challenge To Mountain Medicine In Chile, J. G. Farias, D. Jimenez, J. Osorio, A. B. Zepeda, C. A. Figueroa, V. M. Pulgar

Pharmaceutical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Blood Pressure Homeostasis Is Maintained By A P311-Tgf-Β Axis, K. R. Badri, M. Yue, O. A. Carretero, S. L. Aramgam, J. Cao, S. M. Sharkady, G. H. Kim, G. A. Taylor, K. L. Bryon, L. Schuger

Pharmaceutical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Positive Clinical Neuroscience: Explorations In Positive Neurology, N. Kapur, J. Cole, T. Manly, Indre Viskontas, A. Ninteman, L. Hasher, A. Pascual-Leone

Psychology

Disorders of the brain and its sensory organs have traditionally been associated with deficits in movement, perception, cognition, emotion, and behavior. It is increasingly evident, however, that positive phenomena may also occur in such conditions, with implications for the individual, science, medicine, and for society. This article provides a selective review of such positive phenomena – enhanced function after brain lesions, better-than-normal performance in people with sensory loss, creativity associated with neurological disease, and enhanced performance associated with aging. We propose that, akin to the well-established field of positive psychology and the emerging field of positive clinical psychology, the nascent …

Atrazine And Nitrate In Public Drinking Water Supplies And Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma In Nebraska, Usa, Martha G. Rhoades, Jane L. Meza, Cheryl L. Beseler, Patrick J. Shea, Andy Kahle, Julie M. Vose, Kent M. Eskridge, Roy F. Spalding

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

A secondary analysis of 1999–2002 Nebraska case-control data was conducted to assess the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) associated with exposure to nitrate- and atrazine-contaminated drinking water. Water chemistry data were collected and weighted by well contribution and proximity of residence to water supply, followed by logistic regression to determine odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We found no association between NHL risk and exposure to drinking water containing atrazine or nitrate alone. Risk associated with the interaction of nitrate and atrazine in drinking water was elevated (OR, 2.5; CI, 1.0–6.2). Risk of indolent B-cell lymphoma was higher …

Mid-Atlantic Ethics Committee Newsletter, Winter 2013

Mid-Atlantic Ethics Committee Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Nursing Annual Report 2011-2012, Children's Mercy Hospital

Nursing Annual Reports

Annual report for nursing services at Children's Mercy Kansas City.

Do Low Vision Interventions, Including Prescription And Training In The Use Of Low Vision Devices, Such As Magnifiers, Telescopes, Selective Transmission Lenses, Electronic Devices, And Computers, Enhance Older Adults’ Vision In Reading Standard Labels On Medication Bottles?, Vanessa Mae Clemente Carzon, Mallory Hope Engelhardt, Amanda Marie Woods, Kitsum Li

Occupational Therapy | Critically Appraised Papers Series

The objective of this study is to assess the impact of low vision rehabilitation interventions on individuals with low vision, particularly on the ability to read standard labels on medication bottles.

Parkinson's Disease And Forced Exercise In A Community Setting: A Feasibility Study, Alati Gagne, Sarabeth Makins, James Walrath

Research Posters

Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that increases an individual’s fall risk. In recent studies, an 8-week tandem bike forced exercise program was effective in reducing overall Parkinsonian symptoms. The feasibility of a tandem bike forced exercise program in a community setting has not been studied previously, and no published study has evaluated balance and health outcomes after participation in a forced exercise program. This six week tandem bike forced exercise protocol, conducted in a community setting for individuals with Parkinson’s disease, aimed to assess the feasibility of such a protocol, and to assess resultant balance and health outcomes.

The Physiological Effects Of Exercising Alone Versus With A Partner, Tyler Chamberlin, Kristen Green, Patrick Robichaud

Research Posters

The general population is in constant pursuit for sources of motivation to maintain a consistent workout routine. Research demonstrates increased motivation when exercising with a partner but does not investigate any physiological effects. The objective of this study was to investigate changes in heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and time in target HR zone when exercising alone compared to exercising with a same-sex partner. The study was conducted in the Physical Therapy lab at the University of New England in Portland, Maine, utilizing an experimental 2x9 repeated measures research design. Forty-one graduate students were …

A Hierarchical Method For Removal Of Baseline Drift From Biomedical Signals: Application In Ecg Analysis, Yurong Luo, Rosalyn H. Hargraves, Ashwin Belle, Ou Bai, Xuguang Qi, Kevin R. Ward, Michael Paul Pfaffenberger, Kayvan Najarian

Computer Science Publications

Noise can compromise the extraction of some fundamental and important features from biomedical signals and hence prohibit accurate analysis of these signals. Baseline wander in electrocardiogram (ECG) signals is one such example, which can be caused by factors such as respiration, variations in electrode impedance, and excessive body movements. Unless baseline wander is effectively removed, the accuracy of any feature extracted from the ECG, such as timing and duration of the ST-segment, is compromised. This paper approaches this filtering task from a novel standpoint by assuming that the ECG baseline wander comes from an independent and unknown source. The technique …

Physical Activity And Sedentary Behavior Of Cancer Survivors And Non-Cancer Individuals: Results From A National Survey, Roy B. Kim, Allison Phillips, Kirsten Herrick, Marieka Helou, Carlin Rafie, Mitchell S. Anscher, Ross B. Mikkelsen, Yi Ning

Anatomy and Neurobiology Publications

Increasing physical activity and decreasing sedentary behavior are associated with a higher quality of life and lower mortality rates for cancer survivors, a growing population group. Studies detailing the behavior of cancer survivors are limited. Therefore, we investigated physical activity and sedentary behavior of cancer survivors using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2010. Participants were those who provided physical activity and sedentary behavior data. Those who were pregnant,old, or10,472 non-cancer participants. After adjustment for age, race, gender, education status, body mass index, and smoking status, cancer survivors (n = 10,472) reported significantly longer duration of …

Contributions Of Vldlr And Lrp8 In The Establishment Of Retinogeniculate Projections, Jianmin Su, Michael A. Klemm, Anne M. Josephson, Michael A. Fox

Anatomy and Neurobiology Publications

Background

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the output neurons of the retina, project to over 20 distinct brain nuclei, including the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), a thalamic region comprised of three functionally distinct subnuclei: the ventral LGN (vLGN), the dorsal LGN (dLGN) and the intergeniculate leaflet (IGL). We previously identified reelin, an extracellular glycoprotein, as a critical factor that directs class-specific targeting of these subnuclei. Reelin is known to bind to two receptors: very-low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8 (LRP8), also known as apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2). Here we examined the roles of these canonical reelin …

Paclitaxel-Induced Apoptosis Is Bak-Dependent, But Bax And Bim-Independent In Breast Tumor, Anna V. Miller, Mark A. Hicks, Wataru Nakajima, Amanda C. Richardson, Jolene J. Windle, Hisashi Harada

Philips Institute for Oral Health Research Publications

Paclitaxel (Taxol)-induced cell death requires the intrinsic cell death pathway, but the specific participants and the precise mechanisms are poorly understood. Previous studies indicate that a BH3-only protein BIM (BCL-2 Interacting Mediator of cell death) plays a role in paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. We show here that BIM is dispensable in apoptosis with paclitaxel treatment using bim−/− MEFs (mouse embryonic fibroblasts), the bim−/− mouse breast tumor model, and shRNA-mediated down-regulation of BIM in human breast cancer cells. In contrast, both bak−/− MEFs and human breast cancer cells in which BAK was down-regulated by shRNA were more resistant to paclitaxel. However, paclitaxel …

Two-Component System Response Regulators Involved In Virulence Of Streptococcus Pneumoniae Tigr4 In Infective Endocarditis, My Trihn, Xiuchun Ge, Alleson Dobson, Todd Kitten, Cindy Munro, Ping Xu

Philips Institute for Oral Health Research Publications

Streptococci resident in the oral cavity have been linked to infective endocarditis (IE). While other viridans streptococci are commonly studied in relation to IE, less research has been focused on Streptococcus pneumoniae. We established for the first time an animal model of S. pneumoniae IE, and examined the virulence of the TIGR4 strain in this model. We hypothesized that two-component systems (TCS) may mediate S. pneumoniae TIGR4 strain virulence in IE and examined TCS response regulator (RR) mutants of TIGR4 in vivo with the IE model. Thirteen of the 14 RR protein genes were mutagenized, excluding only the essential …

Prevalence Of Antibiotic-Resistant E. Coli In Retail Chicken: Comparing Conventional, Organic, Kosher, And Raised Without Antibiotics, Jack M. Millman, Kara Waits, Heidi Grande, Ann R. Marks, Jane C. Marks, Lance B. Price, Bruce A. Hungate

Environmental and Occupational Health Faculty Publications

Retail poultry products are known sources of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli, a major human health concern. Consumers have a range of choices for poultry, including conventional, organic, kosher, and raised without antibiotics (RWA) – designations that are perceived to indicate differences in quality and safety. However, whether these categories vary in the frequency of contamination with antibiotic-resistant E. coli is unknown. We examined the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli on raw chicken marketed as conventional, organic, kosher and RWA. From April – June 2012, we purchased 213 samples of raw chicken from 15 locations in the New York City metropolitan …

Neuroimaging Of A Pilocytic Astrocytoma With Anaplastic Features And Diffusion Tensor Imaging Characteristics, Lara Walkoff, Andrew J. Degnan, Mark Ghassibi, Robert V. Jones, Jonathan H. Sherman, Lucien M. Levy

Radiology Faculty Publications

We report the magnetic resonance imaging findings of an adult patient with a biopsy-proven pilocytic astrocytoma with anaplastic features. Pilocytic astrocytomas rarely occur in adults, and presentation with anaplastic features such as rapid mitotic activity, hypercellularity, and atypia is particularly uncommon. Accurate neuroimaging diagnosis is essential, but differentiation from more malignant neoplastic lesions may be challenging. Diffusion tensor imaging may potentially provide information on cell proliferation, vascularity, and fiber destruction, which can have implications for treatment and prognosis. In this case, tractography and fractional anisotropy maps demonstrated displacement of adjacent parenchyma and relatively intact fractional anisotropy, which is more suggestive …

Structure-Based Mechanism For Early Plp-Mediated Steps Of Rabbit Cytosolic Serine Hydroxymethyltransferase Reaction, Martino L. Di Salvo, J. Neel Scarsdale, Galina Kazanina, Roberto Contestabile, Verne Schirch, H. Tonie Wright

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Publications

Serine hydroxymethyltransferase catalyzes the reversible interconversion of L-serine and glycine with transfer of one-carbon groups to and from tetrahydrofolate. Active site residue Thr254 is known to be involved in the transaldimination reaction, a crucial step in the catalytic mechanism of all pyridoxal 5′-phosphate- (PLP-) dependent enzymes, which determines binding of substrates and release of products. In order to better understand the role of Thr254, we have expressed, characterized, and determined the crystal structures of rabbit cytosolic serine hydroxymethyltransferase T254A and T254C mutant forms, in the absence and presence of substrates. These mutants accumulate a kinetically stable gem-diamine intermediate, and their …

Osu-03012 Sensitizes Breast Cancers To Lapatinib-Induced Cell Killing: A Role For Nck1 But Not Nck2, N. Winston West, Aileen Garcia-Vargas, Charles E. Chalfant, Margaret A. Park

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Publications

Background

Lapatinib is characterized as an ErbB1/ErbB2 dual inhibitor and has recently been approved for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. In this study, we examined mechanisms associated with enhancing the activity of lapatinib via combination with other therapies.

Methods

In the present studies, estrogen receptor (ER) positive and ER negative breast cancer cells were genetically manipulated to up- or downregulate eIF2-alpha, its phospho-mutant, Nck1, or Nck2, then treated with OSU-03012, lapatinib or the combination and assayed for cytotoxicity/cytostaticity using clonogenic assays.

Results

Treatment of breast cancer cell lines with lapatinib and OSU-03012 (a small molecule derivative of the Cox-2 …