Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

A Naturally-Occurring Histone Acetyltransferase Inhibitor Derived From Garcinia Indica Impairs Newly Acquired And Reactivated Fear Memories, Stephanie A. Maddox, Casey S. Watts, Valerie Doyere, Glenn E. Schafe

Publications and Research

The study of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the consolidation and reconsolidation of traumatic fear memories has progressed rapidly in recent years, yet few compounds have emerged that are readily useful in a clinical setting for the treatment of anxiety disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Here, we use a combination of biochemical, behavioral, and neurophysiological methods to systematically investigate the ability of garcinol, a naturallyoccurring histone acetyltransferase (HAT) inhibitor derived from the rind of the fruit of the Kokum tree (Garcina indica), to disrupt the consolidation and reconsolidation of Pavlovian fear conditioning, a widely studied rodent model …

Gambogic Acid Is A Tissue-Specific Proteasome Inhibitor In Vitro And In Vivo, Xiaofen Li, Shouting Liu, Hongbiao Huang, Ningning Liu, Chong Zhao, Siyan Liao, Changshan Yang, Yurong Liu, Canguo Zhao, Shujue Li, Xiaoyu Lu, Chunjiao Liu, Lixia Guan, Kai Zhao, Xiaoqing Shi, Wenbin Song, Ping Zhou, Xiaoxian Dong, Haiping Guo, Guanmei Wen, Change Zhang, Lili Jiang, Ningfang Ma, Bing Li, Shunqing Wang, Huo Tan, Xuejun Wang, Q. Ping Dou, Jinbao Lin

Oncology Faculty Publications

Gambogic acid (GA) is a natural compound derived from Chinese herbs that has been approved by the Chinese Food and Drug Administration for clinical trials in cancer patients; however, its molecular targets have not been thoroughly studied. Here, we report that GA inhibits tumor proteasome activity, with potency comparable to bortezomib but much less toxicity. First, GA acts as a prodrug and only gains proteasome-inhibitory function after being metabolized by intracellular CYP2E1. Second, GA-induced proteasome inhibition is a prerequisite for its cytotoxicity and anticancer effect without off-targets. Finally, because expression of the CYP2E1 gene is very high in tumor tissues …

Medical School Watercooler Newsletter - January 20, 2013, Lindsey Lyle

Watercooler Newsletter

This is the January 20, 2013 edition of the Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine's newsletter - Watercooler

Contents Include

• Members of Neurology Department Featured at American Society of Neuroimaging Meeting

• Mark Your Calendar: Autism Grand Rounds

Indicators Of Family Care For Development For Use In Multicountry Surveys, Patricia Kariger, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Patrice Engle, Pia M. Rebello Britto, Sara M. Sywulka, Purnima Menon

Faculty Publications

Indicators of family care for development are essential for ascertaining whether families are providing their children with an environment that leads to positive developmental outcomes. This project aimed to develop indicators from a set of items, measuring family care practices and resources important for caregiving, for use in epidemiologic surveys in developing countries. A mixed method (quantitative and qualitative) design was used for item selection and evaluation. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted to examine the validity of candidate items in several country samples. Qualitative methods included the use of global expert panels to identify and evaluate the performance of …

Commentary: Models Of Dissemination And Implementation In Public Health, Glen Mays

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

As public health researchers and public health practitioners, we need to become much more skilled in applying dissemination and implementation models within our research designs and within our delivery systems if we want the accumulating scientific knowledge to result in improvements in population health. Many of our standard public health tools can be affective in facilitating D&I – regulation, education, measurement and reporting, peer pressure, social media, and economic incentives – but context really matters. The basic message behind this article is clear: choose your D&I model carefully and strategically to maximize the likelihood of success.

Models In Dissemination And Implementation Research: Useful Tools In Public Health Services And Systems Research, Rachel G. Tabak, Elaine C. Khoong, David Chambers, Ross C. Brownson

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

Dissemination and implementation (D&I) science seeks to understand how to systematically facilitate utilization of evidence. Theories and frameworks (hereafter called models) augment D&I research by enhancing efforts to spread evidence-based interventions (EBIs). D&I models are relevant for public health services and systems research, which also explores the uses of evidence. This report: 1) develops an inventory of models; 2) synthesizes this information; and 3) provides guidance on how to select a model. The research team used snowball sampling to collect models. This article uses three author-defined variables: construct flexibility, focus on dissemination and/or implementation activities, and socio-ecological framework level to …

A Patient-Centered Approach For Evaluating Public Health Roles Within Systems Of Care For Children With Special Healthcare Needs, Danielle M. Varda, Ayelet Talmi

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

Despite the apparent success that local and state health departments have had integrating a public health approach to provide programs and services for families with children who have complex health needs, there continues to be mixed results in terms of satisfaction and degree of support from this system. Current evaluations collect performance data from system stakeholders, rarely including the patient perspective. Examining the system holistically using Social Network Analysis, to include both the stakeholder and patient perspectives of how well the system is functioning affords greater understanding of how a public health approach to systems of care leads to more …

Commentary: Changing The Channel: Public Health Communication In The 21st Century, Anna Goodman Hoover

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

This commentary asserts the need for research examining the use and efficacy of social media as a tool for meeting public health stakeholders’ information needs. The author points to several potential research questions for the field, situates studies addressing these questions within the PHSSR Research Agenda, and introduces the work of Harris et al. that is included in this issue of Frontiers. The commentary closes with a call for horizontal stakeholder communication that supports evidence-based decision-making.

Social Media Adoption In Health Departments Nationwide: The State Of The States, Jenine K. Harris, Doneisha Snider, Nancy Mueller

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

Web-based social media sites are increasingly being used by the public to find and share health information. Public health organizations, including state health departments (SHDs), have begun adopting social media to disseminate health information to consumers. The purpose of this study was to examine adoption patterns and characteristics associated with social media adoption in SHDs across the U.S. In early 2012, we used web searches to identify which SHDs had adopted Facebook or Twitter and the adoption date. Adoption of social media has grown steadily since 2008, with 28 SHDs using Facebook and 41 using Twitter as of February 2012. …

Commentary: Hospital Tax-Exempt Policy: A Comparison Of Schedule H And State Community Benefit Reporting Systems, Laura L. Hitchcock

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

In Hospital Tax-Exempt Policy: A Comparison of Schedule H and State Community Benefit Reporting Systems, Rosenbaum et aldescribe the numerous variations between current state law in 24 states and federal requirements regarding nonprofit hospitals’ community benefit activities. The potential for nonprofit hospitals to help shape community health is great, and how states choose to address requirements regarding community benefit, and potentially reinforce the new federal requirements to incentivize hospital participation in addressing root causes of poor health, should be of significant interest to the public, policy makers and public and population health experts, given the large percentage of …

Hospital Tax-Exempt Policy: A Comparison Of Schedule H And State Community Benefit Reporting Systems, Sara Rosenbaum, Maureen Byrnes, Amber M. Rieke

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) revises federal tax exemption standards for nonprofit hospitals by clarifying and augmenting their community benefit obligations. The ACA amendments followed the 2009 launch of Schedule H – the form on which hospital community benefit, financial, and institutional activities are reported and which must be appended to each facility’s annual Form 990 nonprofit institution information return. Schedule H effectively creates a nationwide, standardized, facility-specific, transparent, and fully publicly accessible reporting system covering the nation’s more than 2,900 nonprofit hospitals. Schedule H delineates financial assistance and bad debt, and requires identification of community health …

Carrots, Sticks And False Carrots: How High Should Weight Control Wellness Incentives Be? Findings From A Population-Level Experiment, Harald Schmidt

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

Employers are increasingly using wellness incentives, including penalties for unhealthy behavior. Survey data suggests that people are willing to accept the principle of penalizing those perceived to take health risks, but the equally relevant question of the magnitude of acceptable penalties is unclear.

While the principle of penalizing overweight and obese people has some support, findings from a population-level experiment (n=1,000) suggest that the acceptable size of penalties is comparatively small, around $50: more than 10-fold below levels favored by advocates. Reward-based incentives are favored over penalty-based ones by a factor of 4. Of two different ways of framing penalty …

Learning By Doing For Public Health Improvement, Glen P. Mays

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

All too often, the knowledge gained through learning-by-doing in public health fails to be fully harvested and disseminated because of missed opportunities to carefully study the experiences and innovations occurring in practice. The field of public health services and systems research (PHSSR) has emerged to capitalize on these opportunities before they are missed.

Phi X 174, David J. Hall

Infectious Pathogens

Phi X 174 database number # 1CD3. Phi X 174 is a virus that infects bacteria and was the first DNA-based genome to be sequenced in 1977. This bacteriophage has a [+] circular single-stranded DNA genome. The assembly of the capsid has been successfully done in vitro and is the focus of many studies on self-assembly, drug delivery and nanotechnology.

Can Changes In Angiogenic Biomarkers Between The First And Second Trimesters Of Pregnancy Predict Development Of Pre-Eclampsia In A Low-Risk Nulliparous Patient Population?, Leslie Myatt, Rebecca G. Clifton, J. M. Roberts, Catherine Y. Spong, Ronald J. Wapner, +10 Additional Authors

GW Biostatistics Center

OBJECTIVE:

To determine if change in maternal angiogenic biomarkers between the first and second trimesters predicts pre-eclampsia in low-risk nulliparous women.

DESIGN:

A nested case-control study of change in maternal plasma soluble Flt-1 (sFlt-1), soluble endoglin (sEng) and placenta growth factor (PlGF). We studied 158 pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia and 468 normotensive nonproteinuric controls.

SETTING:

A multicentre study in 16 academic medical centres in the USA.

POPULATION:

Low-risk nulliparous women.

METHODS:

Luminex assays for PlGF, sFlt-1 and sEng performed on maternal EDTA plasma collected at 9-12, 15-18 and 23-26 weeks of gestation. Rate of change of analyte between first and …

Dengue Virus, David J. Hall

Infectious Pathogens

Dengue virus, database # 1THD Dengue fever, is an infectious tropical disease caused by the dengue virus and transmitted by mosquito. Symptoms include fever, headache, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash that is similar to measles. In a small proportion of cases the disease develops into the life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever. Dengue is a positive strand RNA virus that is part of the flavivirus family. Dengue is an enveloped virus meaning it has a nucleocapsid protecting the RNA and the nucleocapsid is surrounded by lipids (hence the name enveloped).

Human Papilloma Virus 16, David J. Hall

Infectious Pathogens

Human Papilloma virus 16, database# 1DZL Infection by most papillomaviruses is either asymptomatic or causes small benign tumors, known as papillomas or warts (e.g. human papillomavirus HPV6 or HPV11). Papillomas caused by some types, however, such as human papillomaviruses 16 and 18, carry a risk of becoming cancerous. Human papilloma virus is a non-enveloped, double stranded, circular DNA virus.

Hepatitis B, David J. Hall

Infectious Pathogens

Hepatitis B, database # 2g33. Hepatitis B is an infectious inflammatory illness of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a member of the Hepadnavirus family.The virus particle, (virion) consists of an outer lipid envelope and an icosahedral nucleocapsid core composed of protein. These virions are 42 nM in diameter. The nucleocapsid encloses the viral DNA and a DNA polymerase that has reverse transcriptase activity.

Research Brief: "Accommodating Veterans With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms In The Academic Setting", Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University

Institute for Veterans and Military Families

This study examined specific barriers to education in a sample of seven student veterans, which included veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and found some professional adjustment issues, social interactions, behavioral and emotional challenges, and life changes. In practice, student veterans expressed impairments in developing close relationships, concerns about feelings of isolation, and heightened anxiety when asked insensitive questions about their military service. In policy, educational policies regarding course transferability may need to be revisited so that veterans seeking to further their education can take steps to do so both during and after their military service without repeating coursework. Suggestions …

Huntington's Disease And The Perils Of Adoption, Kenneth P. Serbin

At Risk for Huntington's Disease

No abstract provided.

The Santa Clara, 2013-01-17, Santa Clara University

The Santa Clara

No abstract provided.

Activation Of Thromboxane A2 Receptor (Tp) Increases The Expression Of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein -1 (Mcp-1)/Chemokine (C-C Motif) Ligand 2 (Ccl2) And Recruits Macrophages To Promote Invasion Of Lung Cancer Cells, Xiuling Li, Hsin-Hsiung Tai

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Thromboxane synthase (TXAS) and thromboxane A₂ receptor (TP), two critical components for thromboxane A₂ (TXA₂) signaling, have been suggested to be involved in cancer invasion and metastasis. However, the mechanisms by which TXA₂ promotes these processes are still unclear. Here we show that TXA₂ mimetic, I-BOP, induced monocyte chemoattractant protein -1(MCP-1)/chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) expression at both mRNA and protein levels in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells stably over-expressing TP receptor α isoform (A549-TPα). The induction of MCP-1 was also found in other lung cancer cells H157 and H460 that express relatively …

Motivational Interviewing Targeting Risk Behaviors For Youth Living With Hiv In Thailand, Chokechai Rongkavilit, Sylvie Naar-King, Bo Wang, Apirudee Panthong, Torsak Bunupuradah, Jeffrey T. Parsons, Supalak Phonphithak, Juline A. Koken, Pichai Saengcharnchai, Praphan Phanuphak

Publications and Research

Healthy Choices, a four-session motivational interviewing-based intervention, reduces risk behaviors among US youth living with HIV (YLWH). We randomized 110 Thai YLWH (16–25 years) to receive either Healthy Choices or time-matched health education (Control) over 12 weeks. Risk behaviors were assessed at baseline, 1, and 6 months post-session. The pilot study was not powered for between-group differences; there were no statistical differences in sexual risks, alcohol use, and antiretroviral adherence between the two groups at any visit. In within-group analyses, Healthy Choices group demonstrated decreases in the proportion of HIV-negative partners (20 vs 8.2 %, P = 0.03) and HIV …

Genome-Wide Analysis Reveals Selection For Important Traits In Domestic Horse Breeds, Jessica L. Petersen, James R. Mickelson, Aaron K. Rendahl, Stephanie J. Valberg, Lisa S. Andersson, Jeanette Axelsson, Ernie Bailey, Danika Bannasch, Matthew M. Binns, Alexandre S. Borges, Pieter Brama, Artur Da Câmara Machado, Stefano Capomaccio, Katia Cappelli, E. Gus Cothran, Ottmar Distl, Laura Fox-Clipsham, Kathryn T. Graves, Gérard Guérin, Bianca Haase, Telhisa Hasegawa, Karin Hemmann, Emmeline W. Hill, Tosso Leeb, Gabriella Lindgren, Hannes Lohi, Maria Susana Lopes, Beatrice A. Mcgivney, Sofia Mikko, Nicholas Orr, M. Cecilia T. Penedo, Richard J. Piercy, Marja Raekallio, Stefan Rieder, Knut H Røed, June Swinburne, Teruaki Tozaki, Mark Vaudin, Claire M. Wade, Molly E. Mccue

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Intense selective pressures applied over short evolutionary time have resulted in homogeneity within, but substantial variation among, horse breeds. Utilizing this population structure, 744 individuals from 33 breeds, and a 54,000 SNP genotyping array, breed-specific targets of selection were identified using an F(ST)-based statistic calculated in 500-kb windows across the genome. A 5.5-Mb region of ECA18, in which the myostatin (MSTN) gene was centered, contained the highest signature of selection in both the Paint and Quarter Horse. Gene sequencing and histological analysis of gluteal muscle biopsies showed a promoter variant and intronic SNP of MSTN were each significantly associated with …

Ms171: Interview With Julie Knobil, Julie Knobil M.A., Ph.D., Houston Academy Of Medicine-Texas Medical Center Library

Texas Medical Center - Women's History Project

An oral interview with Juile (Hotchkiss) Knobil, research professor of physiology and then integrative biology at the Medical School, where she lectured on mammalian physiology and perinatal endocrinology. See more at Texas Medical Center-Women's History Project and its finding aid.

Semi-Truck Driver Dies After Being Struck By Flatbed Driver In Crossover Collision, Kentucky Injury Prevention And Research Center

Fatality Case Reports--Motor Vehicle

In the winter of 2011, a 46-year-old semi-truck driver (D1) hauling a flatbed trailer was traveling north in the right lane on a four lane interstate. Several minutes ahead of the semi was a pickup truck hauling an extension ladder that fell out onto the northbound travel lanes. A car behind the pickup swerved to avoid the falling ladder. Other cars swerved to avoid the ladder. The semi came upon the ladder and swerving cars. To avoid striking the cars and ladder, the semi driver swerved to the right, over-corrected to the left, drove across the northbound lanes, over a …

What's New In Adult Reconstructive Knee Surgery., Carl A Deirmengian, Jess H Lonner

Rothman Institute Papers

No abstract provided.

Acetabular Components In Total Hip Arthroplasty: Is There Evidence That Cementless Fixation Is Better?, Nader Toossi, Bahar Adeli, Andrew J Timperley, Fares S Haddad, Mitchell Maltenfort, Javad Parvizi

Rothman Institute Papers

BACKGROUND: The use of cementless acetabular components in total hip arthroplasty has gained popularity over the past decade. Most total hip arthroplasties being performed in North America currently use cementless acetabular components. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the survivorship and revision rate of cemented and cementless acetabular components utilized in total hip arthroplasty.

METHODS: A primary literature search in PubMed identified 3488 articles, of which 3407 did not meet the inclusion criteria and were excluded. Only English-language articles on either the survivorship or revision rate of primary total hip arthroplasty at a minimum of …

Acetabular Components In Total Hip Arthroplasty: Is There Evidence That Cementless Fixation Is Better?, Nader Toossi, Bahar Adeli, Andrew J Timperley, Fares S Haddad, Mitchell Maltenfort, Javad Parvizi

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: The use of cementless acetabular components in total hip arthroplasty has gained popularity over the past decade. Most total hip arthroplasties being performed in North America currently use cementless acetabular components. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the survivorship and revision rate of cemented and cementless acetabular components utilized in total hip arthroplasty.

METHODS: A primary literature search in PubMed identified 3488 articles, of which 3407 did not meet the inclusion criteria and were excluded. Only English-language articles on either the survivorship or revision rate of primary total hip arthroplasty at a minimum of …

The Stigma Of Migraine, William B. Young, Jung E. Park, Iris X. Tian, Joanna Kempner

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

Background

People who have a disease often experience stigma, a socially and culturally embedded process through which individuals experience stereotyping, devaluation, and discrimination. Stigma has great impact on quality of life, behavior, and life chances. We do not know whether or not migraine is stigmatizing.

Methods

We studied 123 episodic migraine patients, 123 chronic migraine patients, and 62 epilepsy patients in a clinical setting to investigate the extent to which stigma attaches to migraine, using epilepsy as a comparison. We used the stigma scale for chronic illness, a 24-item questionnaire suitable for studying chronic neurologic diseases, and various disease impact …