Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Role Of Ethanol As A Cofactor In Haart Induced Hepatic Steatosis And Injury., Hridgandh Donde

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) has led to a significant increase in the life expectancy of HIV patients; however, there are significant side effects including lipodystrophy and hepatotoxicity. Alcohol abuse is highly prevalent in HIV infected individuals and hence may be a significant negative cofactor in HAART induced hepatotoxicity. The present study examines the mechanisms underlying HAART and alcohol induced hepatotoxicity. The effects of HAART drugs (azidothymidine, and Indinavir sulphate) in combination with alcohol were examined in in vivo animal model. Alcohol and HAART drug interactions and hepatotoxicity were also assessed in-vivo using an animal model of chronic alcohol feeding. …

Rural Vets: Their Barriers, Problems, Needs, John A. Gale Ms, Hilda R. Heady

Access / Insurance

Evolving population trends--the aging of rural veterans, the growing number of female veterans and rates of homelessness among veterans--place significant demands on VA and rural delivery systems. Coordination among health care providers is essential to increasing the availability of services and expanding veteran outreach programs.

Chevalier Jackson, M.D. (1865-1958): Il Ne Se Repose Jamais., Phi D Nguyen, B.A., Scott W. Cowan, Md, Charles J. Yeo, Md, Nathaniel R. Evans Iii, M.D.

Department of Surgery Gibbon Society Historical Profiles

In the final year of the American Civil War, 1865, Chevalier Jackson was born on the 4th of November just outside Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The eldest of three sons of a poor, livestock-raising family, Jackson was raised in a period of social and political unrest. He was perhaps an even more unrestful boy. The description of his childhood days from his father’s father—Il ne se repose jamais, ‘‘He never rests’’—would ultimately reflect the man, doctor, and evangelist Jackson would later become.1 Indeed, he never did rest, Jackson would tirelessly pave the way for modern bronchoscopy and endoscopy as a whole; bringing …

Medical Students’ Endeavour To Make Use Of Their Mental Capabilities, Ayesha Saba Naz, Rehana Rehman, 2mehwish Hussain

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Objective: To identify and compare awareness of intellectual wellness in male and female medical students of Karachi.

Methods: The cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey comprised randomly selected 800 medical students of both gender. It was conducted from January to December 2010 in 8 medical colleges of Karachi. Responses - never, sometimes, mostly and always (numbered 0-4) - were analysed in terms of frequency, proportion and percentages by Predictive Analysis Software version 18. Chi square test was applied for comparison of intellectual wellness in both genders. Results were considered significant at p <0.05.

Results: Of the 800 questionnaires distributed, 736 (92%) were received fully …

University Of New England’S College Of Osteopathic Medicine 2013 Peter Morgane Research Fellowship Recipients, University Of New England College Of Osteopathic Medicine

Peter Morgane Research Fellowships

2013 recipients of the University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine's Peter Morgane Research Fellowship.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids Reduce Adipose Tissue Macrophages In Human Subjects With Insulin Resistance, Michael Spencer, Brian S. Finlin, Resat Unal, Beibei Zhu, Andrew J. Morris, Lindsey R. Shipp, Jonah D. Lee, R. Grace Walton, Akosua Adu, Rod Erfani, Marilyn S. Campbell, Robert E. Mcgehee Jr., Charlotte A. Peterson, Philip A. Kern

Clinical and Translational Science Faculty Publications

Fish oils (FOs) have anti-inflammatory effects and lower serum triglycerides. This study examined adipose and muscle inflammatory markers after treatment of humans with FOs and measured the effects of ω-3 fatty acids on adipocytes and macrophages in vitro. Insulin-resistant, nondiabetic subjects were treated with Omega-3-Acid Ethyl Esters (4 g/day) or placebo for 12 weeks. Plasma macrophage chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) levels were reduced by FO, but the levels of other cytokines were unchanged. The adipose (but not muscle) of FO-treated subjects demonstrated a decrease in macrophages, a decrease in MCP-1, and an increase in capillaries, and subjects with the most …

Adults' Alcohol Consumption Behaviour And Support For Restrictions On Youth-Oriented Alcohol Advertisements, Sandina Begic, Elsa K. M. Howard, Theodore W. Mcdonald

Public and Population Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Research suggests that underage drinking is a serious problem in the United States, and that many of the factors that influence minors to consume alcohol are environmental in their nature. One such factor is youth-oriented alcohol advertisements. Although many adults support restrictions on such advertisements, others do not or do so to a lesser degree. In this study, we explored one factor that may influence how strongly adults support restrictions on youth-oriented alcohol advertisements: The frequency with which adults themselves report consuming alcoholic beverages. A total of 767 adult Idahoans completed a survey asking about a variety of perceptions related …

Faculty And Staff Updates, Department Of Surgery, May 2013, Wright State University Department Of Surgery

Department of Surgery Updates

A two page newsletter created by the Department of Surgery documenting changes to the department. This issue contains a message from the chair, important dates, committee meetings, scholarly activity, abstracts, and more.

Diagnostic Interaction: First-Person Patient Narratives On Hacking's Looping Effects And The Normative Status Of Psychiatric Nosology, Corinne Jager

Honors College Theses

What is the interaction between a psychiatric patient and their diagnosis? How do they respond to being classified? A number of philosophical theories attempt to explain the interaction between the diagnosed patient and their classification. Ian Hacking develops an account of interaction which holds that objects of human science classification are influenced by the awareness of the classification in a way that changes both the classification and its object. Hacking thinks that psychiatric patients are “interactive kinds” whose awareness of their classification causes changes in the individuals' experience of themselves, and thus changes in their classification. Hacking claims that these …

Performance Differences Between Novice And Experienced Critical Care Nurses: A Replication Study, Josefina Inoturan Alejandro

Doctoral Projects

No abstract provided.

Clinical Reasoning In The Use Of Slings For Stroke Patients With Shoulder Subluxation: A Practice Phenomenon In California, Simon Chi, Naoko Murai

Dissertations, Masters Theses, Capstones, and Culminating Projects

Purpose: The literature reported the frequent use of shoulder slings by occupational therapy practitioners for the management of post-stroke shoulder subluxation despite the low evidence for its efficacy. We investigated the prevalence and clinical reasoning in the use of shoulder sling in order to understand the clinical context that defies the current research evidence.

Methodology: The study is a quantitative descriptive design using self-report survey questionnaire. Online and on-site surveys were distributed among the members of Occupational Therapy Association of California (OTAC) between January and April, 2012, and attendees to OTAC Spring Symposium on March 31 and April 1, 2012. …

Increasing Caesarean Section Rates Among Low-Risk Groups: A Panel Study Classifying Deliveries According To Robson At A University Hospital In Tanzania, Helena Litorp, Hussein Kidanto, Lennarth Nystrom, Elisabeth Darj, Birgitta Essén

Faculty of Health Sciences, East Africa

Background Rising caesarean section (CS) rates have been observed worldwide in recent decades. This study sought to analyse trends in CS rates and outcomes among a variety of obstetric groups at a university hospital in a low-income country.

Methods We conducted a hospital-based panel study at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. All deliveries between 2000 and 2011 with gestational age ≥ 28 weeks were included in the study. The 12 years were divided into four periods: 2000 to 2002, 2003 to 2005, 2006 to 2008, and 2009 to 2011. Main outcome measures included CS rate, relative size of …

Comparison Of Obesity Bias, Attitudes, And Beliefs Among Undergraduate Dietetic Students, Dietetic Interns, And Practicing Registered Dietitians, Sarah E. Welborn

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The obesity epidemic in the United States is increasing, and health concerns are also on the rise as they are directly related to obesity. Even though the majority of Americans are overweight or obese, prejudice and weight bias continue to be prevalent and socially accepted in a culture that tolerates discrimination towards these individuals. Health care providers, including registered dietitians, are not exempt from instigating bias towards obese patients causing a decrease in the level of care that they receive. The main purpose of this study was to compare attitudes, beliefs, and bias concerning obesity among undergraduate dietetic students, dietetic …

Practice Characteristics Of Graduates Of East Tennessee State University Quillen College Of Medicine: Factors Related To Career Choices In Primary Care, Ivy A. Click

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The nation is facing a physician shortage, specifically in relation to primary care and in rural underserved areas. The most basic function of a medical school is to educate physicians to care for the national population. The purpose of this study was to examine the physician practicing characteristics of the graduates of East Tennessee State University Quillen College of Medicine including factors that influence graduates’ specialty choices and practice locations, especially those related to primary care. Secondary data for this study were collected from the college’s student database system and the American Medical Association Physician Masterfile. The study population included …

Preventing Skin Cancer In Adolescent Girls Through Intervention With Their Mothers, Mary K. Baker

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Indoor tanning (IT) before the age of 35 increases one’s risk for melanoma by 75%, and epidemiological data show a 6.1% annual increase in the incidence of melanomas in white women younger than age 44 in the US. Population-based studies reveal that 15% of adolescents and 8% to 14% of their primary caregivers have engaged in IT in the past year.

The compelling case for IT being a significant risk factor for melanoma, together with the high rates of IT in teen girls and their mothers, provided a strong rationale for conducting an antitanning intervention directed at mother-daughter dyads. This …

The Relationship Between Vitamin D Status Of Adult Women And Diet, Sun Exposure, Skin Reflectance, Body Composition, And Insulin Sensitivity, Marisa M. Mcadler

Master's Theses

As the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency continues to grow, mounting evidence supporting its link with chronic disease strengthens suggesting vitamin D’s candidacy in the prevention and treatment of multiple disease states and their complications. Dietary guidelines, however, do not take sun exposure into account. The present study sought to explore the impact of sun exposure on vitamin D status (serum 25(OH)D), and identify other significant determinants of serum levels which may have the greatest effects on overall health. Participants (n = 34) were pre-menopausal women aged 18 to 50 years (mean age 39 ± 6 years), who had their …

Analysis Of Contributing Factors To Obesity In Children And Adolescents In Southwest Georgia, Sydney Leigh Worthy

Theses and Dissertations

Today more than 23 million U.S. children and adolescents are either obese or overweight. Hospital costs from obesity-related diseases in youth have increased from $35 million (0.43% of total hospital costs) during 1979 to 1981 to $127 million (1.79% of total costs) during 1997 to 1999. During the Pathway to Med School program, I collaborated with three other students to develop a research project on childhood and adolescent obesity. We conducted surveys at nine different primary care clinics in the southwest Georgia area. Approval was sought by the Institutional Review Board of Phoebe Putney Memorial Health System and Albany Area …

The Effectiveness Of Pain Management Education On Patient Satisfaction, Jamie Shackelford

The Eleanor Mann School of Nursing Undergraduate Honors Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term effectiveness of pain management education on patient satisfaction scores. The study sought to determine if the knowledge gained by nurses was retained greater than six months, and then determine if there was a need for a potential refresher course. This study examined the nurses at a community hospital in a mid-sized rural southern state who received an educational presentation on pain management to see if this education had a lasting impact on patient satisfaction scores for that hospital. Retrospective scores were compared for an additional six months to determine if …

Biopiracy And Vaccines: Indonesia And The World Health Organization's New Pandemic Influenza Plan, Shawn Smallman

International & Global Studies Faculty Publications and Presentations

Viral samples of avian influenza are essential to preparing pre-pandemic vaccines. In 2007, the conflicting interests of the developed and developing nations led Indonesia to briefly stop sharing viral samples. The result was a struggle in which the two blocs argued for different paradigms for viral sample sharing. The first paradigm, articulated by the developed world, depicted the issue as one of health security, in which international law mandated the sharing of viral samples. The second paradigm, advanced by the developing world, depicted viral sample sharing as a form of biopiracy, which violated countries' sovereign control of their biological resources. …

Synaptic Zn2+ Release During Spreading Depolarizations: Implications For Ischemic Brain Injury, Russell Eugene Carter

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

The expansion of the ischemic core into surrounding penumbral tissue has prompted researchers to finds ways to limit this progression in hopes of providing better outcomes for patients suffering from stroke. Current therapeutic strategies are limited, and new therapies that can be delivered at late time-points are needed. Zn2+ has been well documented to contribute to ischemic injury progression, and chelation of Zn2+ significantly improves neuronal survival, even when administered hours after the initial insult. However, determining the source of this Zn2+ and the toxic mechanisms involved in ischemia remain unclear. Over the past 10 years, clinical recordings have provided …

Protein Carbonylation, Protein Aggregation And Cell Death In A Murine Model Of Multiple Sclerosis, Anushka Dasgupta

Biomedical Sciences ETDs

Many studies have suggested that oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathophysiology of both multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Yet, the mechanism by which oxidative stress leads to tissue damage in these disorders is unclear. Recent work from our laboratory has revealed that protein carbonylation, a major oxidative modification caused by severe and/or chronic oxidative stress conditions, is elevated in MS and EAE. Furthermore, protein carbonylation has been shown to alter protein structure leading to misfolding/aggregation. These findings prompted me to hypothesize that carbonylated proteins, formed as a consequence of oxidative stress …

Pharmacy Newsletter : May 2013, Pharmacy Department

Department of Pharmacy Archives

Content:

• Patient Information Brochure
• “Beers Criteria”– Medication Safety in Elderly Patients
• Adverse Drug Reactions – Summary 2012

Long-Term Effects Of Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Exposure In Adolescent And Adult Rats: Radial-Arm Maze Performance And Operant Food Reinforced Responding, Mary-Louise Risher, Rebekah L. Fleming, Nathalie Boutros, Svetlana Semenova, Wilkie A. Wilson, Edward D. Levin, Athina Markou, H. Scott Swartzwelder, Shawn K. Acheson

Biomedical Sciences

Background: Adolescence is not only a critical period of late-stage neurological development in humans, but is also a period in which ethanol consumption is often at its highest. Given the prevalence of ethanol use during this vulnerable developmental period we assessed the long-term effects of chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) exposure during adolescence, compared to adulthood, on performance in the radial-arm maze (RAM) and operant food-reinforced responding in male rats.

Methodology/Principal Findings: Male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to CIE (or saline) and then allowed to recover. Animals were then trained in either the RAM task or an operant task using …

Sources Of Intravascular Atp During Exercise In Humans: Critical Role For Skeletal Muscle Perfusion, Brett S. Kirby, Anne R. Crecelius, Jennifer C. Richards, Frank A. Dinenno

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

Exercise hyperemia is regulated by several factors and one factor known to increase with exercise that evokes powerful vasomotor action is extracellular ATP. The origination of ATP detectable in plasma from exercising muscle of humans is, however, a matter of debate and ATP has been suggested to arise from sympathetic nerves, blood sources (e.g. erythrocytes), endothelial cells, and skeletal myocytes, among others. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that acute augmentation of sympathetic nervous system activity (SNA) results in elevated plasma ATP draining skeletal muscle, and that SNA superimposition during exercise further increases ATP vs exercise alone. We show that increased …

The Effect Of Nerve Growth Factor (Ngf) Incorporation Into Swine Intestinal Submucosa (Sis) Suture Material On The Healing Process In Gastrocnemius Muscle, Nicole K. Alexander

PCOM Biomedical Studies Student Scholarship

The repair of gastrocnemius muscle incisions were evaluated histologically in a rat model. Comparisons were made between carbon dioxide laser and scalpel incisions closed with sutures prepared from Swine Intestinal Submucosa (SIS) with and without added Nerve Growth Factor. This study was conducted in conjunction with two other studies, one comparing epidermal repair and the other comparing kinesthetic changes post-operatively in the same animal model. Thirty-five days post-surgery the animals were euthanized and an area of muscular tissue encompassing the operative site was excised and evaluated microscopically for the following: presence of macrophages, integrity of the muscle, leukocytes present within …

The Effects Of Participation In Marching Band On Physical Activity And Physical Fitness In College Aged Men And Women, Joseph Vallee, Kristen Leander

Senior Honors Projects

Purpose: Regular physical activity is essential in preventing many chronic diseases and conditions including heart disease, obesity, type two diabetes and some forms of cancer. The majority of the population does not meet recommended guidelines for daily physical activity. Barriers to participation in regular physical activity include boredom and a lack of enjoyment for traditional exercises such as running. Novel forms of exercise that improve cardiorespiratory fitness and increase the number people meeting recommended guidelines has the potential to promote good health and prevent chronic disease. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to measure the effects of participating …

The Relationship Between Snacking Habits And Impulsivity Levels In Adolescents, Bayley E. Clarke

Scripps Senior Theses

Adolescent obesity is an important public health issue, and one important factor that contributes to the problem is overeating, eating more than required for homeostasis. Appetitive behaviors such as overeating may in part be the result of poor control of impulsive behavior. This study investigated the relationship between impulsivity factors and snacking habits. The Youth/Adolescent Food Frequency Questionnaire (YAQ) and the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS) were completed by 198 Southern California high school students (56% female; age M=15.8, SD=0.9). Four subscales were calculated from responses on the YAQ and included the frequency of consuming sweetened drinks, sweet snacks, salty snacks, …

Antibody Quality And Protection From Lethal Ebola Virus Challenge In Nonhuman Primates Immunized With Rabies Virus Based Bivalent Vaccine., Joseph E Blaney, Andrea Marzi, Mallory Willet, Amy B Papaneri, Christoph Wirblich, Friederike Feldmann, Michael Holbrook, Peter Jahrling, Heinz Feldmann, Matthias J Schnell

Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty Papers

We have previously described the generation of a novel Ebola virus (EBOV) vaccine platform based on (a) replication-competent rabies virus (RABV), (b) replication-deficient RABV, or (c) chemically inactivated RABV expressing EBOV glycoprotein (GP). Mouse studies demonstrated safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of these live or inactivated RABV/EBOV vaccines. Here, we evaluated these vaccines in nonhuman primates. Our results indicate that all three vaccines do induce potent immune responses against both RABV and EBOV, while the protection of immunized animals against EBOV was largely dependent on the quality of humoral immune response against EBOV GP. We also determined if the induced …

Underserved Adolescent Girls’ Physical Activity Intentions And Behaviors: Relationships With The Motivational Climate And Perceived Competence In Physical Education, Alex C. Garn, Nate Mccaughtry, Bo Shen, Jeffrey J. Martin, Mariane Fahlman

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

This study investigated underserved adolescent girls’ perceptions of the motivational climate in relationship to their perceptions of competence in urban physical education, self-reported physical activity, and future physical activity intentions. A total of two-hundred-seventy-six underserved (i.e., minority, urban, high poverty) adolescent girls completed questionnaires and a multi-step approach was used to test these relationships. First, a trichotomous model of the perceived motivational climate was tested using confirmatory factor analysis and results suggested a good fit of the data. Structural equation modeling analyses were then used to test both direct and indirect relationships between the perceived motivational climates in physical education, …

The Negative Health Effects And Recommendations For The Reduction Of Exposure To Toxic Substances In The Auto Body And Auto Repair Industry, Grace Barlet

Public Health Undergraduate Program

This paper will examine the negative health effects of exposure to hazardous and toxic substances used in the workplace of auto body and auto repair workers. These include volatile organic compounds found in paints and solvents (such as toluene, xylene, and isocyanates), as well as airborne particles released from sanding and grinding that may contain silica and heavy metals including lead, cadmium, and chromium. Workers need to be aware of how these substances can adversely affect their health, and what they can do to protect themselves since several of these chemicals have no established exposure limit. Employers must safeguard their …