Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 86, No. 1, 2009)

Virginia Dental Journal

No abstract provided.

Virginia Dental Journal (Vol. 86, No. 4, 2009)

Virginia Dental Journal

No abstract provided.

Promoting Breast Cancer Screening Among Chinese American Women Through Young Children's Theatrical Performance, Angela Sun

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Research has revealed that underutilization of breast cancer screening by ethnic minorities often is related to language difficulties and cultural values and beliefs about cancer. The problem addressed in this secondary data analysis was the late diagnosis of breast cancer in the Chinese immigrant community. The purpose of the quasi-experimental study was to test the efficacy of a theatrical preschool performance, guided by the diffusion of innovation theory, in educating Chinese American women about breast cancer detection. The research questions sought to determine whether the performance increased the participants' knowledge of breast cancer screening guidelines and whether country of origin, …

Intuitive Decisions As A Means Of Preventing Medical Errors, Lynette M. Savage

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Medical errors occur despite precautionary measures. Limited research has focused on intuition in preventing medical errors. The problem addressed in this study explored the role of intuition by health care team members in preventing medical errors from reaching hospitalized patients. The research questions focused on the differences in response to medical errors by health care team members from 3 West Coast hospitals. The theoretical framework included human error, personality typing, skill acquisition, and a model of intuition. In this exploratory mixed method study 1,836 unusual occurrence reports submitted over 6 months were analyzed. Of the 710 health care team members …

Intrapersonal And Community-Related Influences Of Rural Adolescent Pregnancy: A Mixed-Method Approach, Kimberly Becknel Brodie

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The majority of data on adolescent pregnancy pertains to urban communities, therefore, the individual and social influences associated with adolescent pregnancy in rural communities have not been extensively explored. The pregnancy rate among adolescent women aged 15 to 19 in rural Vance County, North Carolina, is 113.7 per 1,000, nearly twice the state average. This sequential mixed-method study used the social ecological model to evaluate the intrapersonal and community-related factors associated with adolescent pregnancy in this rural area. A quantitative survey assessed intrapersonal factors, namely sexual health knowledge, sex-related attitudes, and self-esteem in pregnant or parenting and nonpregnant or nonparenting …

Factors Related To Caring For The Elderly Among Three Generations Of Nurses, Joanna Fairley

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Three generations of registered nurses make up the current nursing workforce: Baby boomers, Gen X, and Gen Y. Each generation brings its own values, behaviors, and beliefs to the workplace. The generational diversity among nurses needs to be assessed along with other factors, such as social values of the elderly, anxiety toward aging, and practice settings, to examine how each factor impacts registered nurses' attitudes toward caring for the elderly. An exploration of these factors is significant to nurse leaders, since nurses have been known to display negative attitudes toward the elderly. The theoretical foundation for this study was based …

Are Journals Cost Effective? Subscriptions To Electronic Full Text Versus Pay-Per-View, Barbara J. Iobst Mls, Ahip, Linda M. Schwartz Mde, Ahip, Cm, Evelyn J. Little

Department of Education

No abstract provided.

War Of The Worlds: Our Worlds Are Colliding And Infectious Disease Is Winning - Emerging Diseases And The One Health Initiative, Richard French

The University Dialogue

No abstract provided.

Substrate And Regulation Of Mitochondrial Μ-Calpain, Aashish Joshi

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

μ -Calpain is localized to the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Apoptosisinducing factor (AIF), which executes caspase-independent cell death, is also localized to the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Following processing at the N-terminus, AIF becomes truncated (tAIF) and is released from mitochondria. The protease responsible for AIF processing has not been established. The same submitochondrial localization of mitochondrial μ-calpain and AIF gives support to the hypothesis that mitochondrial μ-calpain may be responsible for processing AIF. Atractyloside-induced tAIF release in rat liver mitochondria was inhibited by cysteine protease inhibitor MDL28170, but not by calpain inhibitors PD150606 or calpastatin. Moreover, μ-calpain immunoreactivity was difficult to …

Apgar Scores And Oxygenation Levels: A Comparison Of Vaginal And Cesarean Section Modes Of Delivery, Allison Holt, Patricia K. Ravert

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to compare Apgar scores and oxygenation levels (two measures of birth outcomes) of well infants born by Cesarean section (c-section) to those delivered vaginally.

Project L.E.A.N.: An After-School Health And Exercise Project For Elementary School Children In El Paso, Texas, Hendrik De Heer

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

INTRODUCTION: After-school activities provide valuable opportunities for health promotion activities that do not interfere with the regular school day, especially in minority populations with higher rates of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The current study is an evaluation of an after-school health education and physical activity program conducted in nine elementary schools in 2008 in El Paso, Texas. METHODS: The intervention consisted of a 10-12 week (twice a week) after school program consisting of a pilot (with two experimental schools) and main intervention (six schools each including a control and experimental group). The main outcome variables were Body Mass Index, …

Evaluation Of Selected Physical Activities On Maintenance Of Target Heart Rate In Hispanic Middle School Students, Christopher Ray Estrada

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of A Community-Based Cervical Cancer Education Program On Perceptions And Knowledge Of Screening Among Low-Income Hispanic Women, Claudia S. Lozano

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Cervical cancer affects Hispanic women disproportionately in comparison to their non-Hispanic white counterparts. In 2004, the incidence rate was 12.2 per 100,000 persons among Hispanic women compared to 7.5 per 100,000 among non-Hispanic white women (U.S. Cancer Statistics Working Group, 2007). Although this form of cancer is easily diagnosed through recommended screening tests, Hispanic women are often less likely to get screened (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2000). Research based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) examining attitudes and beliefs about cervical cancer and screening among Hispanic women has demonstrated that non-compliance with Pap smear screening was attributed …

The Cab Model Of Pain-Related Activity Avoidance: Description And Implications For Research And Practice, Todd E. Davenport, Andrea B. Austin, Kimiko A. Yamada, Cathryn A. Peterson

School of Pharmacy Faculty Articles

Background and Purpose: Pain-related activity avoidance is a phenomenon that causes substantial annual patient morbidity. Therefore, it has been the subject of many recent studies related to physical therapist practice. The purposes of this review are: (1) to provide a rationale for considering cognition and affect in physical therapist practice, and (2) to propose the CAB Model for patient education in physical therapist management of pain-related activity avoidance.

Method: Narrative review. Findings: 'CAB' is an acronym that emphasizes _Cognition and Affect in designing patient education programs that facilitate change in avoidant Behavior.

Clinical Relevance: This review synthesizes literature that suggests …

Preprofessional Curriculum In Preparation For Doctor Of Pharmacy Educational Programs, Eric G. Boyce, Lisa A. Lawson

School of Pharmacy Faculty Articles

The preprofessional pharmacy curriculum provides the foundation for the professional curriculum. Basic requirements are noted in the ACPE Standards and Guidelines, but there is considerable variation in the preprofessional curriculum requirements for entry into doctor of pharmacy programs in the United States. Changes in higher education, pharmacy practice, and health care continue to drive the need to evaluate the preprofessional curriculum. The objectives of this white paper were to create model preprofessional curricula that would enable students to be successful during and after entry into the professional curriculum. Using an evidence-based approach where possible, a number of factors were found …

The Role Of Resilience And Purpose In Life In Habituation To Heat And Cold Pain, Bruce W. Smith, Erin M. Tooley

Arts & Sciences Faculty Publications

This study examined the role of resilience in habituation to heat and cold pain in healthy women (n = 47). Heat and cold pain thresholds were each assessed across 5 equally spaced trials. Re- silience, purpose in life, optimism, social support, and neuroticism were assessed using self-report measures. The hypothesis was that the resilience and the associated resilience factors would be pos- itively related to habituation to heat and cold pain while controlling for neuroticism. Multilevel mod- eling was used to test the hypothesis. When considering each characteristic separately, resilience and purpose in life predicted greater habituation to heat pain …

The Presynaptic Regulation Of Isolated Neonatal Rat Carotid Body Type I Cells By Histamine, Drew C. Burlon

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

It has been previously shown that Carotid Body Type I cells have the ability to synthesize, package and release histamine in response to hypoxia, thereby contributing to the modulation of respiration within the rat. Here, isolated neonatal rat carotid body type I cells were used to identify the presynaptic effects of histamine and the specific receptor subtypes that modulate them. Although all four histamine receptor subtypes are expressed on the type I cells, and preliminary data showed promising results, further data proved that the activation of these receptors with histamine or selective agonists caused no rise in intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) …

Reorganization Of Ia Afferent Synapses On Motoneurons After Peripheral Nerve Injuries, Haley E. Titus

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

After peripheral nerve injuries patients lose and do not recover the stretch reflex which leads to altered locomotor function. The focus of this thesis is to investigate the structural integrity of the central connection between Ia afferents and alpha motoneurons that mediate the stretch reflex. The overall hypothesis is that the density and distribution of Ia synapses on motoneurons is altered after peripheral nerve injuries. Analysis of Ia afferent-motoneuron contacts, revealed by vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1) immunoreactivity, on the soma and dendritic arbor of motoneurons after peripheral nerve injuries revealed major reorganizations in the distribution and density of Ia …

Inhibition Of Pro-Inflammatory Processes Reduces Sensitization Of The Behavioral Response To Maternal Separation, Kristopher Doojin Paik

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

The current study examined the behavioral sensitization of guinea pig pups in response to consecutive days of maternal separation. In the first experiment, guinea pigs that received centrally administered artificial cerebrospinal fluid or IL-10 exhibited sensitization of passive behaviors from Day 1 to Day 2. IL-10 decreased the levels of passive behaviors on Day 1, as well as the increase on Day 2. The second experiment used unoperated pups, which also showed sensitization of the passive response from Day 1 to Day 2, though the effect appeared reduced relative to control pups of Experiment 1. Collectively, this investigation confirms previous …

Promoting Mental Health Occupational Therapy In Higher Education: Lifestyle Redesign® For The College Student, Karen Mccarthy

Collected Faculty Scholarship

No abstract available

Transfusion Related Acute Lung Injury--Trali: An Under Diagnosed Entity, Bushra Moiz, Hasanat Sharif, Fauzia Ahmad Bawany

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a life-threatening complication of transfusion of blood and its components resembling acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or acute lung injury (ALI). TRALI is a particular form of ARDS that follows blood transfusion and is caused by donor-derived antibodies present in the transfused products, reacting with the recipients' blood cells, inducing release of inflammatory mediators thus compromising lung functions. Anti-HLA antibodies are the most frequently indicted inducers in this category. Literature search has not revealed any documented case of TRALI from Pakistan. This in no way implies that TRALI is non existent in this …

Presentation Of A Patient With Palpable Purpuric Rash, Safoorah Khalid, Mohammad Khurshid

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Henoch Shonlein purpura (HSP) is a form of systemic vasculitis characterized by deposition of IgA dominant immune complexes in the small vessels. The triad of palpable purpuric rash on lower extremities, abdominal or renal involvement and arthritis is the typical presentation in this condition. The disease primarily affects children and is less common in adults. We report a case of a young female who presented with palpable purpura on legs, classical symptoms of HSP i.e. arthritis and off and on abdominal pain.

Fibromatous Periorchitis, Khurram Minhas, Abrar Barakzai, Asim Qureshi

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

We report a case of diffuse fibrous pseudotumour/fibromatous periorchitis, in a 43 year old male, that completely encased the right testis and was adjacent to a hydrocoele cavity. Although fibrous pseudotumours of this region are uncommon, they are reported to be the second most common benign paratesticular lesion after adenomatoid tumours. These comprise approximately 6 percent of paratesticular lesions, and are accepted as reactive lesions secondary to trauma, hydrocoele, infections or inflammation. Fibrous pseudotumours have a peak incidence in the third decade of life but can occur at any age. Clinically these lesions mimic malignancy resulting in the treatment by …

Cd20 Positivity In Classical Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Diagnostic Challenge Or Targeting Opportunity., Muhammad Abrar Barakzai, Shahid Ahmed

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

BACKGROUND:It is now well established that Hodgkin cells are clonal B cells with a CD30 and CD15 phenotype. However, on immunohistochemistry, in our experience and the experience of others, CD20 positivity in an otherwise typical classical Hodgkin's Lymphoma is not uncommon and if associated with CD15 negativity poses a potential diagnostic trap and is likely to be called B-NHL.
OBJECTIVE:To assess the frequency of B-cell related antigens CD20 and CD79a in classical Hodgkin's Lymphoma.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:A total of 91 consecutive cases of classical Hodgkin's Lymphoma were analyzed for co-expression of CD20 and CD79a. Both males and …

Psychometric Properties Of The Self-Assessment Of The Interpersonal Relationship Scale, Karen S. Dearing, Sheryl Steadman

Faculty Publications

The nurse-patient relationship is the basis of psychiatric nursing. The use of self defines nursing as an interactive, exploratory, caring, and health promoting process. No tool has been developed to determine specific areas for competency building using the principles of developing an interpersonal relationship. The specific aims of the study were two-fold: establish the reliability and validity of the Self-Assessment of the Interpersonal Relationship Scale (SAIRS) and determine the ability of SAIRS to measure student nurses development of interpersonal competencies with patients.

Engaging Students In The Fundamental Skill Lab: Scenario Based Simulations, Deborah O. Himes, Patricia K. Ravert, Colleen R. Tingey

Faculty Publications

Aims of this study: Students will be actively engaged in the basic nursing skills lab and develop critical nursing behaviors including:

- Assessment/ Intervention/ Evaluation

- Critical Thinking/ Clinical Decision Making

- Direct Patient Care

- Communication/ Collaboration

- Professional Behaviors.

Students will also remember more of what they learn through story-telling (patient cases) and role-playing. They will come prepared to perform as a nurse in lab.

Antimicrobial Activity Of Tigecycline Against Nosocomial Pathogens In Pakistan: A Multicenter Study, Altaf Ahmed, Afia Zafar, Sajjad Mirza

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

OBJECTIVE: To measure the in-vitro activity of various antibiotics including tigecycline against Gram negative and positive nosocomial aerobic isolates. METHODS: A total of 430 clinical isolates of both Gram positive (143) and negative (287) aerobic bacteria were used from 3 centres during the year 2006 and 2007. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using broth micro dilution panels. Antibiotic resistance was interpreted using CLSI guidelines.
RESULTS: Most of the isolates were resistant to more than one drug. Resistance to tigecycline was not found. Tigecycline (1 microg/ml) had low MIC against organisms tested.
CONCLUSION: This data indicates that tigecycline, …

Combined Effects Of Hyperglycemic Conditions And Hiv-1 Nef: A Potential Model For Induced Hiv Neuropathogenesis., Edward A Acheampong, Cassandra Roschel, Muhammad Mukhtar, Alagarsamy Srinivasan, Mohammad Rafi, Roger J Pomerantz, Zahida Parveen

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

Hyperglycemic conditions associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) or with the use of antiretroviral therapy may increase the risk of central nervous system (CNS) disorders in HIV-1 infected patients. In support of this hypothesis, we investigated the combined effects of hyperglycemic conditions and HIV-1 accessory protein Nef on the CNS using both in vitro and in vivo models. Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cell type required for normal synaptic transmission and other functions were selected for our in vitro study. The results show that in vitro hyperglycemic conditions enhance the expression of proinflammatory cytokines including caspase-3, complement factor 3 (C3), and …

Follow-Up Compliance Of Adolescents With Cervical Dysplasia In An Inner-City Population., Faunda N. Campbell Md, Eduardo Lara-Torre Md

Department of Pediatrics

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of Dentoalveolar Compensation In Skeletal Class Ii Malocclusion In A Pakistani University Hospital Setting, Nabila Anwar, Mubassar Fida

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

OBJECTIVE: To quantitatively evaluate the pattern of dentoalveolar compensation in skeletal class II patients and to find which dentoalveolar parameter compensates the most for this sagittal jaw discrepancy.

STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Dental Section, the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from January 2005 to March 2006.

METHODOLOGY: Cephalometric analyses were performed on pretreatment lateral cephalographs of 87 orthodontic patients who met the selection criteria. Various linear and angular measurements were taken. For a quantitative evaluation of dentoalveolar compensation, association was found between various dental and skeletal parameters by correlation analyses. To evaluate which parameter compensates …