Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Evaluating Active U: An Internet-Mediated Physical Activity Program, Lorraine R. Buis, Timothy A. Poulton, Robert G. Holleman, Ananda Sen, Paul J. Resnick, David E. Goodrich, Lavaughn Palma-Davis, Caroline R. Richardson

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Engaging in regular physical activity can be challenging, particularly during the winter months. To promote physical activity at the University of Michigan during the winter months, an eight-week Internet-mediated program (Active U) was developed providing participants with an online physical activity log, goal setting, motivational emails, and optional team participation and competition.

Methods

This study is a program evaluation of Active U. Approximately 47,000 faculty, staff, and graduate students were invited to participate in the online Active U intervention in the winter of 2007. Participants were assigned a physical activity goal and were asked to record each physical …

Barriers Encountered During Enrollment In An Internet-Mediated Randomized Controlled Trial, Lorraine R. Buis, Adrienne W. Janney, Michael L. Hess, Silas A. Culver, Caroline R. Richardson

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Online technology is a promising resource for conducting clinical research. While the internet may improve a study's reach, as well as the efficiency of data collection, it may also introduce a number of challenges for participants and investigators. The objective of this research was to determine the challenges that potential participants faced during the enrollment phase of a randomized controlled intervention trial of Stepping Up to Health, an internet-mediated walking program that utilized a multi-step online enrollment process.

Methods

We conducted a quantitative content analysis of 623 help tickets logged in a participant management database during the enrollment …

Primate Phylogenomics: Developing Numerous Nuclear Non-Coding, Non-Repetitive Markers For Ecological And Phylogenetic Applications And Analysis Of Evolutionary Rate Variation, Zuogang Peng, Navin Elango, Derek E. Wildman, Soojin V. Yi

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Genetic analyses are often limited by the availability of appropriate molecular markers. Markers from neutrally evolving genomic regions may be particularly useful for inferring evolutionary histories because they escape the constraints of natural selection. For the majority of taxa however, obtaining such markers is challenging. Advances in genomics have the potential to alleviate the shortage of neutral markers. Here we present a method to develop numerous markers from putatively neutral regions of primate genomes.

Results

We began with the available whole genome sequences of human, chimpanzee and macaque. Using computational methods, we identified a total of 280 potential …

Incorporation Of Membrane-Bound, Mammalian-Derived Immunomodulatory Proteins Into Influenza Whole Virus Vaccines Boosts Immunogenicity And Protection Against Lethal Challenge, Andrew S. Herbert, Lynn Heffron, Roy Sundick, Paul C. Roberts

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Influenza epidemics continue to cause morbidity and mortality within the human population despite widespread vaccination efforts. This, along with the ominous threat of an avian influenza pandemic (H5N1), demonstrates the need for a much improved, more sophisticated influenza vaccine. We have developed an in vitro model system for producing a membrane-bound Cytokine-bearing Influenza Vaccine (CYT-IVAC). Numerous cytokines are involved in directing both innate and adaptive immunity and it is our goal to utilize the properties of individual cytokines and other immunomodulatory proteins to create a more immunogenic vaccine.

Results

We have evaluated the immunogenicity of inactivated cytokine-bearing influenza …

Effects Of A Refugee Elective On Medical Student Perceptions, Kathleen Dussã¡N, Erin M. Galbraith, Mary Grzybowski, Bonnie Vautaw, Linda Murray, Kim A. Eagle

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

There are growing numbers of refugees throughout the world. Refugee health is a relatively unstudied and rarely taught component of medical education. In response to this need, a Refugee Health Elective was begun. Medical student perceptions toward cultural aspects of medicine and refugee health before and after participation in the elective were measured.

Methods

Preliminary questionnaires were given to all preclinical students at the academic year commencement with follow-up questionnaires at the refugee elective's conclusion. Both questionnaires examined students' comfort in interacting with patients and familiarity with refugee medical issues, alternative medical practices, and social hindrances to medical …

Ritonavir Blocks Akt Signaling, Activates Apoptosis And Inhibits Migration And Invasion In Ovarian Cancer Cells, Sanjeev Kumar, Christopher S. Bryant, Sreedhar Chamala, Aamer Qazi, Shelly Seward, Jagannath Pal, Christopher P. Steffes, Donald W. Weaver, Robert Morris, John M. Malone, Masood A. Shammas, Madhu Prasad, Ramesh B. Batchu

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of mortality from gynecological malignancies, often undetectable in early stages. The difficulty of detecting the disease in its early stages and the propensity of ovarian cancer cells to develop resistance to known chemotherapeutic treatments dramatically decreases the 5-year survival rate. Chemotherapy with paclitaxel after surgery increases median survival only by 2 to 3 years in stage IV disease highlights the need for more effective drugs. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is characterized by increased risk of several solid tumors due to its inherent nature of weakening of immune system. Recent observations …

New Targets For The Treatment Of Follicular Lymphoma, Nishant Tageja, Subhash Padheye, Prasad Dandawate, Ayad Al-Katib, Ramzi M. Mohammad

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

The last two decades have witnessed striking advances in our understanding of the biological factors underlying the development of Follicular lymphoma (FL). Development of newer treatment approaches have improved the outlook for many individuals with these disorders; however, with these advances come new questions. Given the long-term survival of patients with FL, drugs with favourable side-effect profile and minimal long-term risks are desired. FL is incurable with current treatment modalities. It often runs an indolent course with multiple relapses and progressively shorter intervals of remission. The identification of new targets and development of novel targeted therapies is imperative to …

Characteristics Associated With Smoking In A Hispanic Sample., D. Rodriguez Esquivel, Theodore Cooper, J. Blow, M. Resor

Departmental Papers (Psych)

No abstract provided.

The Lived Experiences Of Older African Americans Residing In Urban Nursing Homes, Marilynn Gail Byrd Knall

Wayne State University Theses

As huge numbers of baby boomers reach old age, an increased need for nursing home care in the future is inevitable. Older people face more complex health issues that often lead to debilitation or disability and thus the need for long-term care. The numbers of consumers needing long-term care services will more than triple during the next 30 years.

African Americans compose less than 10% of nursing home residents and even at age 84 and older, when the likelihood of nursing home placement is higher, proportionately fewer African Americans live in nursing homes. The underrepresentation of ethnic minorities groups in …

Department Of Family Medicine And Public Health Sciences 2008 Annual Report, Wayne State University School Of Medicine, Department Of Family Medicine And Public Health Sciences

Annual Reports

2008 annual report includes: Greetings from the Chair, Maryjean Schenk; Faculty and Academic Staff; Full-time Affiliate and Voluntary Faculty; Meet the New Faculty; Honors, Awards, and Appointments; New Family Medicine Center; Family Medicine Residency; Undergraduate Medical Education; Community Involvement; Community Network Partnership; Community Research Collaboration; External Funding; Publication Highlights; Publications; Professional Presentations; Academic Service and Peer-Review Activities; In Memoriam - Sandra Joyce Green, Ronald Mark Davis; New Models for Academic Medicine.

Department Of Education: Fy2009 Annual Report, Lehigh Valley Health Network

Department of Education

No abstract provided.

Antibiotic Prophylaxis For Leptospirosis, David Brett-Major, Robert J. Lipnick

Journal Articles: Epidemiology

BACKGROUND: Leptospira infection is a global zoonosis with significant health impact for agricultural workers and those persons whose work or recreation takes them into endemic areas.

OBJECTIVES: This systematic review assessed the current literature for evidence for or against use of antibiotic prophylaxis against Leptospira infection (leptospirosis).

SEARCH STRATEGY: The authors searched The Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group Controlled Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and SCI-Expanded as well as relevant professional society meeting abstracts until January 2009.

SELECTION CRITERIA: Prospective, randomised clinical trials studying antibiotic prophylaxis against leptospirosis were selected.

DATA …

Calpain Inhibition Attenuates Inflammatory And Neurodegenerative Events In Animal Models Of Multiple Sclerosis, Mary Kelly Guyton

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects approximately 400,000 people in the United States every year and results in fatigue, visual dysfunction, and paralysis. Inflammatory events associated with MS include activation of auto-reactive T cells and migration of these and other immune cells into the CNS, leading to production of cytokines and other mediators and to demyelination. Astrogliosis and microgliosis are also prominent inflammatory features of MS. Neurodegenerative events such as axonal damage and loss of neurons and oligodendrocytes also contribute to clinical disease symptoms. Cell death is thought to occur, …

Influencing T Helper Cell Bias In Autoimmunity, Jonathan Ty Butler

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects approximately 400,000 people in the United States every year and results in neurological deficits. Inflammatory events associated with MS include activation of auto-reactive T cells and migration of these and other immune cells into the CNS, leading to a coordinated attack upon oligodendrocytes and demyelination. Most current therapies only treat the symptoms of disease, not the cause, which is still in large part unknown. Therefore, the identification of the etiology of this complex disease and the development of new therapies is of great importance. Targeting …

Predicting Patients’ Use Of Provider-Delivered E-Health: The Role Of Facilitating Conditions, E. Vance Wilson, Nancy K. Lankton

Accounting Faculty Research

This chapter presents a new rational-objective (R-O) model of e-health use that accounts for effects of facilitating conditions as well as patients’ behavioral intention. An online questionnaire measured patients’ behavioral intention to use a new e-health application as well as proxy measures of facilitating conditions that assess prior use of and structural need for health services. A second questionnaire administered three months later collected patients’ self-reported use of e-health during the intervening period. The new model increased predictions of patients’ e-health use (measured in R2) by more than 300% over predictions based upon behavioral intention alone, and all measured factors …

2009 Transactions, American Dental Association

ADA Transactions

This item is part of the Transactions of the ADA, a serial publication of the annual activities of the ADA House of Delegates (HOD)/Board of Trustees (BOT). It is from the Transactions section, one of three subtitles that make up the full publication. Generally, the ADA Transactions are published in multiple volumes throughout the year. Pages from the Annual Reports and the Transactions are numbered consecutively (e.g. Annual Reports volume ends pg. 500 and Transactions volume starts at pg. 501). NOTE: All three subtitles are collectively known as the Transactions of the ADA or, alternatively, the ADA Transactions. Transactions refers …

2009 Annual Reports And Resolutions, American Dental Association

ADA Transactions

This item is part of the Annual Reports and Resolutions subtitle of the ADA Transactions, a serial publication of the annual activities of the ADA House of Delegates (HOD)/Board of Trustees (BOT) made up of three separate subtitles: Annual Reports and Resolutions, Supplements, and Transactions. Generally, the ADA Transactions are published in multiple volumes throughout the year. Older versions include reports from all departments as subsections, while more recent versions include only those of councils, commissions, and committees.

2009 Supplement Vol. 3, American Dental Association

ADA Transactions

This item is part of the Supplements subtitle of The ADA Transactions, a serial publication of the annual activities of the ADA House of Delegates (HOD)/Board of Trustees (BOT) made up of three separate subtitles: Annual Reports and Resolutions, Supplements, and the Transactions. Generally, The ADA Transactions are published in multiple volumes throughout the year. The Supplements function like an appendix and are, in more recent editions, numbered separately with page numbers determined by HOD reference committee assignation. Items are described variously as "Supplement #", "Volume #", etc. throughout the series but have been labeled here as Vol. # for …

Peak Performance -- A Unifying Model, Heather J. Peters, Jean M. Williams

Psychology Publications

No abstract provided.

Validation Of Inverse Seasonal Peak Mortality In Medieval Plagues, Including The Black Death, In Comparison To Modern Yersinia Pestis-Variant Diseases, Mark R. Welford, Brian H. Bossak

Earth, Environment & Sustainability: Faculty Publications

Background: Recent studies have noted myriad qualitative and quantitative inconsistencies between the medieval Black Death (and subsequent ‘‘plagues’’) and modern empirical Y. pestis plague data, most of which is derived from the Indian and Chinese plague outbreaks of A.D. 1900615 years. Previous works have noted apparent differences in seasonal mortality peaks during Black Death outbreaks versus peaks of bubonic and pneumonic plagues attributed to Y. pestis infection, but have not provided spatiotemporal statistical support. Our objective here was to validate individual observations of this seasonal discrepancy in peak mortality between historical epidemics and modern empirical data.

Methodology/Principal Findings: …

Catalog (2009 - 2010), Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine

Catalogs

A snapshot of the PCOM curriculum throughout the decades.

Synapsis: Philadelphia Campus (2009), Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine

All Yearbooks

This yearbook includes Clubs, White Coat Ceremony, D.O. Day on the Hill, OMM Fellows, Military, Charity, Runner's Club, Soccer, Volleyball, Flag Football, Baseball, Cycling, Deck Hockey, Men's Rugby, Basketball, Prom, Parties, Student Government Association, Class Officers, A Capella, American College Of Osteopathic Family Practitioners, ACOFP, American Holistic Medical Association, AHMA, American Medical Association, American Medical Student Association, Association Of Military Osteopathic Physicians and Surgeons, AMOPS, American Medical Women's Association, AMWA, Christian Medical Association, Kappa Sigma Phi, KSPh, (ΚΣΦ), Kappa Sigma Phi Women's Osteopathic Society, Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender People in Medicine, National Latino Health Organization, Phi Sigma Gamma, PSG, (ΦΣΓ), …

Digest Of The Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine (Winter 2009), Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine

Digest

The Winter 2009 issue of the Digest of the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine includes the following articles:

• Opening Remarks
• PCOM Updates and Kudos
• Development News
• Keeping the Balance True: The Rural Medicine Practice
• Health and Social Service Outcomes
• The Effects of Physician Supply
• Specialty-Specific Issues: Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Federally Qualified Health Centers for Direct Provision of Care
• Rural Sociology and the Draw for Today’s Medical Students
• Founders’ Day 2009
• O.J. Snyder Memorial Medal
• Mason W. Pressly Memorial Medal
• Preparing Medical Students for End of Life Care
• Class Notes
• In Memoriam
• My Turn Essay
• PCOM Events

Synthesis And Evaluation Of Phosphopeptides Containing Iminodiacetate Groups As Binding Ligands Of The Src Sh2 Domain, Guofeng Ye, Aaron D. Schuler, Yousef Ahmadibeni, Joel R. Morgan, Absar Faruqui, Kezhen Huang, Gongqin Sun, John A. Zebala, Keykavous Parang

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Phosphopeptide pTyr-Glu-Glu-Ile (pYEEI) has been introduced as an optimal Src SH2 domain ligand. Peptides, Ac-K(IDA)pYEEIEK(IDA) (1), Ac-KpYEEIEK (2), Ac-K(IDA)pYEEIEK (3), and Ac-KpYEEIEK(IDA) (4), containing 0–2 iminodiacetate (IDA) groups at the N- and C-terminal lysine residues were synthesized and evaluated as the Src SH2 domain binding ligands. Fluorescence polarization assays showed that peptide 1 had a higher binding affinity (Kd = 0.6 μM) to the Src SH2 domain when compared with Ac-pYEEI (Kd = 1.7 μM), an optimal Src SH2 domain ligand, and peptides 2–4 (Kd = 2.9–52.7 μM). The binding affinity of peptide 1 to the SH2 domain was reduced …

Modeling Cockpit Interface Usage During Lunar Landing Redesignation, Zarrin K. Chua, Laura M. Major, Karen M. Feigh

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

Fulfilling NASA’s space exploration objectives requires precision landing to reach lunar sites of interest. During the approach and landing stages, a landing point redesignation (LPR) display will provide information to the crew regarding the characteristics of alternate touchdown points. Building on a previous study which examined crew tasks during LPR but did not account for the specialized behavior of experts, this investigation will present a new task sequence model, specific to expert decision-making. This analysis furthers the development of a predictive task execution model, which is used to test the efficacy of alternate information display and operator actuator design concepts. …

Post-Traumatic Stress In Flight Attendant's Labor, Filipieva Tatiana Phd

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

Airline crashes, hijackings, turbulence incidents and other emergencies have the potential for inflicting severe emotional trauma in flight attendants involved either directly or indirectly. A critical incident is a part of the extreme professions in aviation. Although the aviation industry attempted to bring help following an air disaster, post-traumatic stress is still one of the most misdiagnosed and ignored illnesses that can beset an individual. In the article, which is based on the results of Russian and American aviation psychologists’ research, we try to answer the questions: How post-traumatic stress affects cabin crew’s work performance and flight attendants’ life? How …

Adaptation Of Crm Training For The Railway Industry Operational Safety Benefits, Matthew T.S. Tsang, Hans-Juergen Hoermann

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

In aviation, Crew Resource Management (CRM) was developed to address safety issues derived from accident and incident investigations. As CRM has proven its effectiveness by improving teamwork, communication and staff responses to operational hazards, there have been many attempts to expand this concept into other high-risk sectors such as medical, nuclear, or military. Although some work was also conducted to modify CRM for the railway industry, no such experiences yet existed in China or Hong Kong. Having observed the effectiveness of CRM and Line Oriented Training (LOT) in aviation, this paper documents the introduction and initial evaluation of CRM and …

Training To Reduce Aviation Maintenance Error: Assessing Maintenance Resource Management Programs In Commercial Aviation, Erin E. Block, Edward J. Sabin, Manoj S. Patankar

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

Maintenance resource management (MRM) training is intended to integrate existing technical skills of maintenance employees with interpersonal skills/human factors knowledge to improve communication effectiveness & maintenance safety. The FAA suggests successful MRM training not only teaches error avoidance, but also the adoption of attitudes that support a safety culture. This coincides with FAA encouragement to incorporate systems theory into MRM training to put human factors issues in larger organizational context. Many programs currently use the MRM/TOQ survey to assess the impact of MRM training & its effectiveness in changing safety-related attitudes.

The Effects Of Success Related Pressure On Information Processing Strategies And Plan Continuation Error, Bourgeon Léonore, Valot Claude, Fauconnet Sophie, Loyau Fanny, Navarro Claude

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

An experiment was conducted to explore whether plan continuation errors could be explained by two types of perseveration behaviours: Perseveration in a wrong Representation do the Situation (PRS) and Perseveration in a risky Plan of Action (PPA). Effects of success-related pressure and flight phase on pilots performance were also examined. Six scenarios were created where expected or unexpected threats had to be managed. Pilots chose between three plans of actions corresponding to PPA, PRS and Flexibility. Results showed that the two types of perseveration could effectively explain plan continuation errors even though PPA characterised cruise phase and PRS was more …

How Differences In Spatial Ability Influence Inexperienced Users In A Visual Perceptual Aviation Task, Michael T. Curtis, Florian G. Jentsch, Crystal Maraj

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

The approach and landing phase of flight is widely recognized as one of the most difficult phases of flight. More specifically, professionals in aviation training report difficulty in training inexperienced pilots on execution of visual approaches. The current paper focuses on our efforts to develop a perceptual skill trainer using a static image discrimination task. From a perceptual standpoint there are a number of documented visual environmental cues that have been found to impact one’s ability to judge distances. These distracting cues can cause individuals to misjudge distance to landing surfaces, and subsequently result in an unstable or unsafe approach. …