Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Clinical Interview For Psychiatric Assessment, Amresh Srivastava

Psychiatry Presentations

No abstract provided.

The Relationship Between Perceived Stress And Smoking: Focusing On Schizophrenia And Comparative Sub-Groups Diagnosed With Mental Illness, Wanda K. Savioli

ETD Archive

The context for this research project is a population of individuals diagnosed with a mental illness schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depressive disorders, or other diagnosis as specified by participant. Research has shown that 87 of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia are smokers and 65-75 of those diagnosed with bipolar or depressive disorders smoke compared to 20 from the general population. The purpose of this study is to determine if perceived stress is positively associated with cigarette dependence among a study sample of non-psychiatric participants and those diagnosed with a mental illness. A correlational survey based design was used to test five hypotheses …

Perceiving Pervasive Discrimination Over Time: Implications For Coping, Mindi D. Foster

Psychology Faculty Publications

This study suggests the effects of perceived pervasiveness may be dynamic over time. The hypothesis was that participants who perceived discrimination to be highly pervasive would initially be more likely to engage in inactive coping strategies than those who perceived low pervasiveness. However, those who continued to perceive high pervasiveness over time would ultimately show greater evidence of using active strategies than those perceiving low pervasiveness. Using a 28-day diary, women and ethnic minorities described their daily experiences of discrimination and indicated their appraisals of its pervasiveness as well as their coping strategies. Results showed that participants who initially perceived …

The Dynamic Nature Of Coping With Gender Discrimination: Appraisals, Strategies And Well-Being Over Time, Mindi D. Foster

Psychology Faculty Publications

Female introductory psychology students at a Canadian university (N = 31) participated in a lab simulation of discrimination, completed coping and well-being measures and then an online survey of well-being one year later. Expectations were that active (inactive) coping would initially be related to decreased (increased) well-being. A reverse pattern was expected for relationships between coping and well-being one year later. Results showed that among those perceiving high pervasive discrimination, active and inactive coping was related to decreased well-being immediately after the discrimination was portrayed, but among those perceiving low pervasiveness inactive coping was related to increased well-being. One year …

Can Paraphrasing Increase The Amount And Accuracy Of Reports From Child Eyewitnesses?, Angela D. Evans, Kim P. Roberts

Psychology Faculty Publications

Young children’s descriptions of sexual abuse are often sparse thus creating the need for techniques that elicit lengthier accounts. ‘Paraphrasing’, or repeating information children have just disclosed, is a technique sometimes used by forensic interviewers to clarify or elicit information. (e.g., if a child stated “He touched me”, an interviewer could respond “He touched you?”). However, the effects of paraphrasing have yet to be scientifically assessed. The impact of different paraphrasing styles on young children’s reports was investigated. Overall, paraphrasing per se did not improve the length, richness, or accuracy of reports when compared to open-ended prompts such as …

The Sensitivity Of Auditory-Motor Representations To Subtle Changes In Auditory Feedback While Singing, Dwayne Nicholas Keough, Jeffery A. Jones

Psychology Faculty Publications

Singing requires accurate control of the fundamental frequency (F₀) of the voice. This study examined trained singers’ and untrained singers’ (nonsingers’) sensitivity to subtle manipulations in auditory feedback and the subsequent effect on the mapping between F₀ feedback and vocal control. Participants produced the consonant-vowel /ta/ while receiving auditory feedback that was shifted up and down in frequency. Results showed that singers and nonsingers compensated to a similar degree when presented with frequency-altered feedback (FAF); however, singers’ F₀ values were consistently closer to the intended pitch target. Moreover, singers initiated their compensatory responses when auditory feedback …

Does Type Of Memory Practice Matter When Interviewing Children About A Single Or Repeated Event?, Sonja Brubacher, Kim Roberts, Martine Powell

Psychology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Growth Mixture Modeling Of Academic Achievement In Children Of Varying Birth Weight Risk, Kimberly A. Espy, Julia Hua Fang, David Charak, Nori Minich, H. Gerry Taylor

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory: Faculty Publications

The extremes of birth weight and preterm birth are known to result in a host of adverse outcomes, yet studies to date largely have used cross-sectional designs and variable-centered methods to understand long-term sequelae. Growth mixture modeling (GMM) that utilizes an integrated person- and variable-centered approach was applied to identify latent classes of achievement from a cohort of school-age children born at varying birth weights. GMM analyses revealed 2 latent achievement classes for calculation, problem-solving, and decoding abilities. The classes differed substantively and persistently in proficiency and in growth trajectories. Birth weight was a robust predictor of class membership for …

Power Of Models In Longitudinal Study: Findings From A Full- Crossed Simulation Design, Hua Fang, Gordon P. Brooks, Maria L. Rizzo, Kimberly A. Espy, Robert S. Barcikowski

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory: Faculty Publications

Because the power properties of traditional repeated measures and hierarchical multivariate linear models have not been clearly determined in the balanced design for longitudinal studies in the literature, the authors present a power comparison study of traditional repeated measures and hierarchical multivariate linear models under 3 variance-covariance structures. The results from a full-crossed simulation design suggest that traditional repeated measures have significantly higher power than do hierarchical multivariate linear models for main effects, but they have significantly lower power for interaction effects in most situations. Significant power differences are also exhibited when power is compared across different covariance structures.

Synchronization Of Pancreatic Islet Oscillations By Intrapancreatic Ganglia: A Modeling Study, B. Fendler, M. Zhang, L. Satin, R. Bertram

Pharmacology and Toxicology Publications

Abstract

Plasma insulin measurements from mice, rats, dogs, and humans indicate that insulin levels are oscillatory, reflecting pulsatile insulin secretion from individual islets. An unanswered question, however, is how the activity of a population of islets is coordinated to yield coherent oscillations in plasma insulin. Here, using mathematical modeling, we investigate the feasibility of a potential islet synchronization mechanism, cholinergic signaling. This hypothesis is based on well-established experimental evidence demonstrating intrapancreatic parasympathetic (cholinergic) ganglia and recent in vitro evidence that a brief application of a muscarinic agonist can transiently synchronize islets. We demonstrate using mathematical modeling that periodic pulses of …

2009 Supplement Vol. 2, American Dental Association

ADA Transactions

This item is part of the Supplements subtitle of The ADA Transactions, a serial publication of the annual activities of the ADA House of Delegates (HOD)/Board of Trustees (BOT) made up of three separate subtitles: Annual Reports and Resolutions, Supplements, and the Transactions. Generally, The ADA Transactions are published in multiple volumes throughout the year. The Supplements function like an appendix and are, in more recent editions, numbered separately with page numbers determined by HOD reference committee assignation. Items are described variously as "Supplement #", "Volume #", etc. throughout the series but have been labeled here as Vol. # for …

Student Stress And Academic Performance: Home Hospital Program, Carolyn B. Yucha, Susan Kowalski, Chad L. Cross

Nursing Faculty Research

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether nursing students assigned to a home hospital experience less stress and improved academic performance. Students were assigned to a home hospital clinical placement (n = 78) or a control clinical placement (n = 79). Stress was measured using the Student Nurse Stress Index (SNSI) and Spielberger’s State Anxiety Inventory. Academic performance included score on the RN CAT, a standardized mock NCLEX-RN®-type test; nursing grade point average; and first attempt pass-fail on the NCLEX-RN. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups for age, gender, marital status, ethnicity, or score …

School-Based Screening To Identify At-Risk Students Not Already Known To School Professionals: The Columbia Suicide Screen, Michelle A. Scott, Holly C. Wilcox, Irvin Sam Schonfeld, Mark Davies, Roger C. Hicks, J. Blake Turner, David Shaffer

Publications and Research

Objectives.Wesought todeterminethedegreeofoverlapbetweenstudents identified through school-based suicide screening and those thought to be at risk by school administrative and clinical professionals. Methods. Students from7 high schools in theNewYorkmetropolitan area completed the Columbia Suicide Screen; 489 of the 1729 students screened had positive results. The clinical status of 641 students (73% of those who had screened positive and 23%of thosewho had screened negative) was assessedwithmodules from the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children. School professionals nominated by their principal and unaware of students’ screening and diagnostic status were asked to indicate whether they were concerned about the emotional well-being of each participating student. …

Explorer, Winter 2009, College Of Dental Medicine

Newsletters

No abstract provided.

Children's Mercy Hospital Annual Report 2008, Children's Mercy Hospital

Children's Mercy Annual Reports

Annual report for The Children's Mercy Hospital in Kansas City MO, a pediatric medical center.

Ovine Progressive Pneumonia Provirus Levels Are Unaffected By The Prion 171r Allele In An Idaho Sheep Flock, Robert D. Harrington, Lynn M. Herrmann-Hoesing, Stephen N. White, Katherine I. O'Rourke, Donald P. Knowles

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

Selective breeding of sheep for arginine (R) at prion gene (PRNP) codon 171 confers resistance to classical scrapie. However, other effects of 171R selection are uncertain. Ovine progressive pneumonia/Maedi-Visna virus (OPPV) may infect up to 66% of a flock thus any affect of 171R selection on OPPV susceptibility or disease progression could have major impact on the sheep industry. Hypotheses that the PRNP 171R allele is 1) associated with the presence of OPPV provirus and 2) associated with higher provirus levels were tested in an Idaho ewe flock. OPPV provirus was found in 226 of 358 …

Validation Of Use Of Rectoanal Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue For Immunohistochemical Diagnosis Of Chronic Wasting Disease In White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus), Delwyn Keane, Daniel Barr, Rebecca Osborn, Julie Langenberg, Katherine I. O'Rourke, David Schneider, Phillip Bochsler

Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease: Publications

The examination of rectoanal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (RAMALT) biopsy specimens for the diagnosis of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies has been described in sheep, elk, and small numbers of mule and white-tailed deer. Previous sample numbers have been too small to validate examination of this type of tissue as a viable antemortem diagnostic test. In this study, we examined RAMALT collected postmortem from 76 white-tailed deer removed from a farm in Wisconsin known to be affected by chronic wasting disease (CWD) and from 210 free-ranging white-tailed deer harvested from an area in Wisconsin where the overall prevalence of CWD among the deer …

Identification Of Small Subunits Of Mammalian Serine Palmitoyltransferase That Confer Distinct Acyl-Coa Substrate Specificities, Gongshe Han, Sita D. Gupta, Kenneth Gable, Somashekarappa Niranjanakumari, Prasun Moitra, Florian Eichler, Robert H. Brown Jr., Jeffrey M. Harmon, Teresa M. Dunn

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

Serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) catalyzes the first committed step in sphingolipid biosynthesis. In yeast, SPT is composed of a heterodimer of 2 highly-related subunits, Lcb1p and Lcb2p, and a third subunit, Tsc3p, which increases enzyme activity markedly and is required for growth at elevated temperatures. Higher eukaryotic orthologs of Lcb1p and Lcb2p have been identified, but SPT activity is not highly correlated with coexpression of these subunits and no ortholog of Tsc3p has been identified. Here, we report the discovery of 2 proteins, ssSPTa and ssSPTb, which despite sharing no homology with Tsc3p, each substantially enhance the activity of mammalian SPT …

Judgments Of Omitted Be And Do In Questions As Extended Finiteness Clinical Markers Of Sli To Fifteen Years: A Study Of Growth And Asymptote, Mabel L. Rice, Lesa Hoffman, Ken Wexler

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Purpose—Clinical grammar markers are needed for children with SLI older than 8 years. This study followed children studied earlier on sentences with omitted finiteness to determine if affected children continue to perform at low levels and to examine possible predictors of low performance. This is the first longitudinal report of grammaticality judgments of questions.

Method—Three groups of children participated: 20 SLI, 20 age controls and 18 language-matched controls, followed from ages 6–15 years. An experimental grammaticality judgment task was administered with BE copula/auxiliary and DO auxiliary in Wh- and Yes/No questions for 9 times of measurement. Predictors were indices of …

Using Microsoft Flight Simulator X To Develop Aeronautical Decisionmaking Skills In The Classroom, Wendy S. Beckman, Mark Callender, Paul A. Craig, Steve Gossett, Wayne Dornon

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

In the Aerospace Department at Middle Tennessee State University, Microsoft Flight Simulator X (MSFSX) is being utilized in the classroom to develop the aeronautical decision-making skills future pilots will need. The utilization of this inexpensive software to create realistic scenarios is discussed and a variety of examples are provided. While working through a scenario, students view either pre-recorded segments of a virtual flight, or participate in real time decision-making as a flight segment is “flown” by the instructor. In either case, students see an aircraft instrument panel and the view outside the windscreen, as they would in flight. The emphasis …

Identifying Psychosocial Factors Associated With Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders In Flight Attendants In A Taiwanese Commercial Airline, Kai-Hui Lee, Li-Hua Kao Ph.D.

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

Psychosocial factors have the potential for causing psychological or physical harm, perceived psychological demands, job stress, or work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). The purpose of the current study was to study the relationship between psychosocial factors including job demands, job control, managerial and colleague support, relationships at work, role conflict, and organizational change, and psychosocial factors, health and the well-being, and WMSDs among flight attendants. A survey, mainly based on the “HSE Indicator Tool” developed by Health and Safety Executive and the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ), was distributed in 2009 to flight attendants in a Taiwanese commercial airline by convenience sampling. …

High-Fidelity Simulation To Compare The Tower Operations Digital Data System To Flight Progress Strips, Todd R. Truitt Ph.D.

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

The current experiment used a high-fidelity, human-in-the-loop simulation to compare the Tower Operations Digital Data System (TODDS) to paper Flight Progress Strips (FPSs) during zerovisibility Airport Traffic Control Tower operations. Sixteen current controllers participated in groups of two. Each group received touchscreen and TODDS training before completing eight practice and eight test scenarios. The participants worked at both the ground and local control positions under four experimental conditions. The participants used one of four systems – the Integrated TODDS, FPSs with Airport Surface Detection Equipment – Model X, Perceptual- Spatial TODDS, or FPSs only – to control airport traffic. The …

Using Multiple Imperfect Diagnostic Automation, David Keller, Stephen Rice

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

Due to the difficulty of performing multiple tasks, operators in complex environments are often aided by automation. Because automation is not always perfect operators must decide how much to trust in and depend on the automation aids. Theoretically operators can adjust their level of trust using either a component-specific or a system-wide trust strategy. This study tests these two theories. 36 participants monitored two gauges, each with an automated aid at different reliability levels, while engaged in a pursuit tracking task that simulated an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) mission flight. The data suggest that participants do not evaluate the reliability …

The Management Of Verbal Communications In Complex Aeronautical Systems, Fanny Loyau, Marie Rivenez, Sophie Quiblier

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

This study addresses the question of human factors in verbal communications in AWACS (Airborne Warning and Control System). It aims to improve selection, training and learning by developing a tool focused on attentional division and multiple communications management. Radio communications management seems to be highly dependent on crew expertise. Indeed, many instructors say that several years of experience on AWACS are required in order to develop communications management skills and to improve their intelligibility. On the basis of our preliminary observations, we propose three hypotheses which would account for this expertise effect, focused on automatisms, volumes management of radio networks …

Comparing Tunnel-In-The-Sky Display On Hdd And Hud From Task Occupation Point Of View, Kohei Funabiki, Tomoko Iijima, Hiroka Tsuda

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

A series of flight simulations was carried out to investigate the causal factors of attention capture, focusing on a traffic detection task while following a curved trajectory using a Tunnel-in-the-Sky display. The location (head-up or head-down) and size of the display were varied, and traffic detection time and path tracking performance were measured. The results show that the HUD gave the best path tracking at the expense of traffic detection performance, and supports the hypothesis that using a limited viewing volume and high display gain with a Tunnel-in-the-Sky display induces pilots to rely on precise guidance cues instead of the …

Integrated Multimodal Communications Management For Airborne Command And Control, Dianne K. Popik, Victor S. Finomore, Douglas S. Brungart

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

Increasing the communication efficiency and accuracy associated with Command and Control (C2) operations is crucial in many aerospace applications. This communication intensive environment imposes a high workload on Air Traffic Controllers and other C2 personnel who rely heavily on a variety of communication tools to efficiently plan, direct, coordinate, and control assets during missions. The C2 task is further complicated by the suboptimal integration of the various communication media utilized in the operational environment. The fielded communication tool suites have serious limitations and are not poised to meet the needs of advancing technology. A multidisciplinary research team in the Battlespace …

Nt-Seev: A Model Of Attention Capture And Noticing On The Flight Deck, Dr. Christopher Wickens, Angelia Sebok, Julia Bzostek, Kelly Steelman-Allen, Jason Mccarley, Nadine Sarter

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

N-SEEV is a model that predicts the noticeability of events that occur in the context of routine task-driven scanning across large scale visual environments such as the flight deck or ATC work station. The model is an extension of the SEEV (salience, effort, expectancy, value) model, incorporating the influence of attentional set and allowing the possibility of a dynamic environment. The model was validated against two empirical data sets. In a study of pilot scanning across a high fidelity automated 747 cockpit, the SEEV component of the model predicted the distribution of attention with a correlation of 0.85. In a …

Aviator 2030 - Ability Requirements In Future Atm Systems, Hinnerk Eißfeldt

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

‘Aviator 2030’ is a project at DLR on ability requirements for operators in future ATM systems. Several workshops have been conducted with pilots and air traffic controllers to learn how today’s aviation professionals see their jobs develop in future. Using separated workshops first, pilots and air traffic controllers were introduced to current developments within the context of Single European Sky SES, a large-scale program comparable to NextGen in the United States. Following the ‘future-workshop’ concept participants developed scenarios of future ATM from their professional background and experience. In a third workshop pilots and controllers met to exchange and discuss their …

Vigilant Warrior™: A Selection Tool For Vigilance Performance, David E. Weldon Ph.D., Clark Shingledecker Ph.D.

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

In this paper, we describe an individual differences model of vigilance performance—the ability to maintain one’s focus of attention and remain alert for prolonged periods of time—and summarize our model evaluation research. Our goal was an automated test battery (Vigilant Warrior™) that could be employed to select personnel with superior abilities for assignment to critical vigilance duties. Thus, we conducted extensive laboratory research to identify an optimal set of vigilance predictors and validate them against a simulated, real-world, electronic-display, battlefieldmonitoring task with high vigilance requirements. The results confirmed that an objective, Short Vigilance Task (SVT), coupled with analytic skill and …

The Technological, Financial, And Social Realities That Are Defining The Aircraft Mechanic Of Tomorrow, Glen R. Gallway

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

Today it is becoming increasingly difficult to describe maintenance roles because an enormous number of once stable factors affecting the maintenance person and process are changing. Technology changes like software based aircraft, air/ground/satellite/airport system integration, highly complexity systems, and other technology issues are not currently part of a maintenance person’s normal skill set but are already part of aircraft maintenance needs. Many of the change issues that are considered to be “TECHNOLOGY” initiated but usually are caused by changing financial and/or social requirements that has occurred. This is a circular result in that when technology changes occur it further drives …