Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Providing Evidence Of A Multiple-Process Model Of Trust In Automation, Stephen Rice, Gayle Hunt

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

This study focuses on the effects of human responses to computer automation aids. Previous research has shown that different types of automation errors (false alarms and misses) affect human trust in different ways. False alarms tend to negatively affect operator compliance, whereas misses tend to negatively affect operator reliance. Participants were asked to determine whether an enemy target was present or absent in a series of images, a task similar to what a UAV operator might be asked to perform. A diagnostic aid provided recommendations before participants viewed each image. Reliability and type of automation error were manipulated in order …

The Use Of Intraocular Lenses With Advance Aviation Displays., Walter J. Protheroe Jr., Gerald L. Haynes

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

With an aging aviation population, the use of intraocular lenses (IOLs) has become common place throughout the world for correcting vision acuity, cataracts and eye injuries. The material which comprises an IOL will cause a change in spectral sensitivity seen by the recipient. This is most notable in color variations while viewing Advance Aviation Displays. The results reported here are for one specific composition of IOL given to us by the manufacturer, and are assumed to be or have been in wide use. Cost limitations required that we used color correction filters to simulate colorized IOLs (not actual colorized lenses), …

Review Of Safety Reports Involving Electronic Flight Bags, Divya C. Chandra, Andrew Kendra

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

Electronic Flight Bags (EFBs) are a relatively new device used by pilots. Even so, 37 safetyrelated events involving EFBs were identified from the public online Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) database as of June 2008. In addition, two accident reports from the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) cite EFB as a contributing factor. Underlying EFB issues were ascribed to each ASRS report by the authors based on subject matter expertise. Pilots reported issues such as configuration of the chart display and difficulty using the EFB when they were newly implemented. Both NTSB reports identified use of an EFB for calculation …

What Can A Multidimensional Measure Of Stress Tell Us About Team Collaborative Tools?, Gregory J. Funke, Sheldon M. Russell, Benjamin A. Knott, Brent T. Miller

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

A substantial body of research literature concerning the effects of collaborative tools on team performance has been generated, but the research has not considered subjective workload and stress associated with tool usage. The current experiment represents an initial, exploratory attempt to characterize the relationship between usage of collaborative tools, mental workload, and the subjective experience of stress. The NASA-TLX and the DSSQ-S were used to assess the workload and stress experienced by participants completing a simulated team command and control task. Task demands and collaborative tool availability were experimentally manipulated. Analysis of the data revealed that participants experienced increases in …

Synthetic And Enhanced Vision System For Altair Lunar Lander, Lawrence J. Prinzel Iii, Lynda J. Kramer, Robert M. Norman, Jarvis (Trey) J. Arthur, Steven P. Williams, Kevin J. Shelton, Randall E. Bailey

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

Past research has demonstrated the substantial potential of synthetic and enhanced vision (SV/EV) for aviation (e.g., Prinzel & Wickens, 2009). These augmented visual-based technologies have been shown to significantly enhance situation awareness, reduce workload, enhance aviation safety (e.g., reduced propensity for controlled flight -intoterrain accidents/incidents), and promote flight path control precision. The issues that drove the design and development of synthetic and enhanced vision have commonalities to other application domains; most notably, during entry, descent, and landing on the moon and other planetary surfaces. NASA has extended SV/EV technology for use in planetary exploration vehicles, such as the Altair Lunar …

Towards A Four-Dimensional Separation Assistance Cockpit Display, J. Ellerbroek, M. Visser, S.B.J. Van Dam, M. Mulder, M.M. Van Paassen

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

An initial design of a tactical navigation support tool is proposed, designed to integrate horizontal and vertical separation assistance tools into one display. A novel representation of the separation problem, based on Ecological Interface Design, presents external conflict and performance constraints on an extended, wide-screen Primary Flight Display. Key issues in the current design are discussed, and an experiment is proposed to evaluate the display concept.

Development Of Proactive Safety Management System For Industrial Fields Based On The Framework Of Aviation Safety Reporting System, Capt. Akira Ishibahsi, Daisuke Karikawa, Toshio Wakabayashi, Makoto Takahashi, Masaharu Kitamura

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

The safety reporting system such as the Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) draws attention from various industrial fields as an effective safety management method to prevent further accidents. However, it became apparent that the industrial fields often confront the difficulty of the development and effective operation of safety reporting system due to the differences between aviation and other industrial fields. In this study, an effective safety reporting system for practical use in a conventional industrial field has been developed based on ASRS. Although the detailed evaluation of the proposed safety reporting system is still underway, its effectiveness has been strongly …

Flight Deck Display Technologies For 4dt And Surface Equivalent Visual Operations, Lawrence (Lance) J. Prinzel Iii, Denise R. Jones, Kevin J. Shelton, Jarvis (Trey) J. Arthur, Randall E. Bailey, Angela S. Allamandola, David C. Foyle, Becky L. Hooey

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

NASA research is focused on flight deck display technologies that may significantly enhance situation awareness, enable new operating concepts, and reduce the potential for incidents/accidents for terminal area and surface operations. The display technologies include surface map, head-up, and head-worn displays; 4DT guidance algorithms; synthetic and enhanced vision technologies; and terminal maneuvering area traffic conflict detection and alerting systems. This work is critical to ensure that the flight deck interface technologies and the role of the human participants can support the full realization of the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) and its novel operating concepts.

Near-Term Nextgen And Class 2 Efbs, Thomas L. Seamster Ph.D., Barbara G. Kanki Ph.D.

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

This study is based on data collected at the Electronic Flight Bag (EFB) Advanced Software and Authorization Workshop for US operators currently involved in EFB software evaluation or implementation for their own fleets. With most US operators not taking delivery of new, larger aircraft in the next few years, they are considering ways of displaying near-term NextGen data on board existing aircraft through systems such as the EFB. The workshop collected operator near-term needs in the areas of EFB user interface and standardization and EFB advanced software applications. The analysis of the data collected during the workshop provided a prioritized …

Bleeding Meckel’S Diverticulum In A 4-Month-Old Infant: Treatment With Laparoscopic Diverticulectomy. A Case Report And Review Of The Literature, J. Rainer Poley, Thomas E. Thielen, Jeffrey C. Pence

Department of Surgery Faculty Publications

A bleeding Meckel’s diverticulum is presented in a 4-month-old African American infant. This event is rare at this age, and our patient is only the second 4-month-old infant reported in the English literature. The infant presented with painless frank rectal bleeding, the blood being maroon-colored, and clots were found in the diaper. There was also anemia, with an hemoglobin of less than 8 gm/dl. The color of the blood suggested a bleeding site in the ileocecal region, a Meckel’s diverticulum was suspected, which was then confirmed by an isotope scan. A typical Meckel’s diverticulum was found on laparoscopic surgery, was …

Impairments In Attention In Occasionally Snoring Children: An Event-Related Potential Study, Maria E. Barnes, Elizabeth A. Huss, Krista N. Garrod, Eric Van Raay, Ehab Dayyat, Dennis L. Molfese

Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior: Faculty Publications

Objective—To determine whether minimal snoring is benign in children.

Procedure—22 rarely snoring children (mean age=6.9 years, 11 females) and age- and sexmatched controls participated in an auditory oddball task wearing 128-electrode nets. Parents completed Conner’s Parent Rating Scales-Revised Long (CPRS-R:L).

Results—Snorers scored significantly higher on 4 CPRS-R:L subscales. Stepwise regression indicated that two ERP variables from a region of the ERP that peaked at 844 ms post-stimulus onset predicted CPRS-R:L ADHD Index scores.

Conclusions—Occasional snorers according to parental report do exhibit ADHD-like behaviors. Basic sensory processing is longer than in controls, suggesting that delayed frontal activation requires more effort in …

Viewing Preschool Disruptive Behavior Disorders And Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Through A Developmental Lens: What We Know And What We Need To Know, Anil Chacko, Lauren Wakschlag, Carri Hill, Barbara Danis, Kimberly A. Espy

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory: Faculty Publications

Although DSM-defined DBDs and ADHD manifest during early childhood in meaning¬ful ways, the emphasis of extending the DBD and ADHD nosology, which is based on studies of older youth, to younger children potentially limits the utility of these symptoms. Given that it is clear that DBDs and ADHD often emerge during early childhood and that early intervention is most efficacious, developing a more refined understanding of the clinical phenomenology of behavior disorders in early childhood is a critical next step. We contend that an approach that emphasizes the developmental specification of symptoms has the potential to address several long-standing issues …

Polymorphisms And Biologic Effects Of Acidic Mammalian Chitinase In Asthma, Heather Wachtel

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

In this study, we hypothesize that human acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) binds and is regulated by the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and that AMCase interacts with Galectin-3 (Gal-3) to mediate anti-apoptotic functions. We further hypothesize that asthma-associated polymorphisms of AMCase alter chitinase activity and modulate anti-apoptotic effects. We investigated the interactions between AMCase, Gal-3 and EGFR by establishing binding and co-expression in vitro; apoptotic effects were evaluated via Annexin V/Propidium Iodide staining. Molecular cloning was performed to generate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of AMCase associated with asthma. Our data showed that co-expression of AMCase and EGFR induces chitinase activity; …

Tactile Thresholds Are Preserved Yet Cortical Sensory Function Is Impaired In Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain Patients, Benedict M. Wand, Flavia S. Di Pietro, Pamela George, Neil E. O’Connell

Health Sciences Conference Papers

Introduction: A substantial amount of evidence points to an alteration in brain structure and function patients with chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP) [1-6]. One interpretation of these findings is that the observed brain changes may represent a disruption of the brain’s representations of the body part and the resultant body perception disturbance may underpin this clinical problem. The current study aimed to investigate sensory dysfunction in CNSLBP. Specifically we aimed to distinguish cortically mediated sensory dysfunction from peripheral dysfunction by comparing simple tactile thresholds with more complex cortically mediated sensory tests

Methods: We investigated tactile thresholds (TTH), two point …

Critical Factors Within An Inquiry Process That Influence Positive Changes In Clinical Governance, Heather Gluyas

Nursing Conference Papers

Major failures in patient safety often lead to high profile inquiries set up to establish the facts, and to identify areas of improvement to prevent further failures. In order to learn from inquiries, we need to be able to identify if, and how, the inquiry process influences improvements.

Using a case study strategy, this research study examined the impact or influence of the Douglas Inquiry on KEMH’s clinical governance systems. The research focused on two areas that were highlighted in the final Inquiry report as requiring reform. These systems deal with the clinical credentialing and performance review and the involvement …

T Cell Homeostasis Is Regulated By A Program Of Mrna Alternative Splicing Mediated By Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonuclear Protein L-Like (Hnrnpll), Gerard F. Hoyne

Health Sciences Conference Papers

It is essential that the immune system maintains stable numbers of a diverse range of lymphocytes since they play important roles in both innate and adaptive immune responses. T lymphocytes are critical for generating cellular immunity and memory following infections (e.g. CD4+ and CD8+ TCR ab + cells), they are also involved in immune regulation (e.g. CD4+ foxp3+ regulatory T cells), as well as immune surveillance at mucosal surfaces and controlling responses to tumors (e.g. TCR gd + cells, NKT cells). Each cell lineage must be contained within a defined cellular compartment and the size of each compartment is physically …

An Exploration Of The Diagnostic Criterion, Etiology, And Treatment Of Binge Eating Disorder, Amy C. Ebert

Graduate Research Papers

An exploration of the DSM IV-TR research diagnostic criterion of Binge Eating Disorder (BED), its etiology, and viable treatments was conducted. The purpose of this literature review was to provide more information for mental health professionals treating clients who may fit the criteria for BED. Published research literature and treatment manuals were utilized in this review. It was concluded that there are many potential risk/maintenance factors linked to the development of BED, and that treatment interventions involving mindfulness appear to be effective in minimizing the symptoms of BED. Given the current obesity statistics among U.S. adults, it seems quite important …

Perceptions Of Breast Cancer Patients On Communicating Sexuality-Related Issues, Farrah Joy Oblepias

Theses Digitization Project

The research project focused on the perceptions of breast cancer patients on addressing sexuality-related issues to their health care provider. A female breast cancer survivor is likely to have low sexual functioning when experiencing change in hormonal status, problems in partner relationships, and vaginal dryness. Moreover, women who undergo a mastectomy due to breast cancer had difficulties in their self-image and their sexual relationship with men.

The Effects Of Immediate Follow-Up On Psychiartric Rehospitalization Rates, Jennifer Erin Mccreight

Theses Digitization Project

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an immediate post hospitalization follow-up intervention on the rehospitalization rates of consumers of public mental health services with a classical experimental design. The intervention involves reinforcing the discharge plan, providing psychoeducation, encouraging medication adherence, and triaging each discharged client for additional needs.

My Stroke Of Insight By Jill Bolte Taylor, Ph.D., Jeff Eliason

Quill & Scope

A book review that will make you remember why you fell in love with reading in the first place, My Stroke of Insight by Jill Bolte Taylor, Ph.D., is an important book for anyone interested in strokes, the early signs and symptoms, and the diverse role medical professionals play in the recovery process. More importantly, it is an entertaining and inspiring read for anyone interested in taking a different look at their life, and getting more out of it as a result.

Sildenafil For The Treatment Of Pulmonary Hypertension In Pediatric Patients, Alice J. Huddleston, Chad A. Knoderer, Jennifer L. Morris, Eric S. Ebenroth

Scholarship and Professional Work – COPHS

Sildenafil is a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor widely used for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension in children. Despite limited available safety and efficacy evidence, use of sildenafil continues to increase. To date, sildenafil use for pediatric pulmonary hypertension has been characterized for 193 children through 16 studies and 28 case series and reports. The primary efficacy data suggest that sildenafil is beneficial for facilitating the weaning of inhaled nitric oxide in children after cardiac surgery. Compiled safety data suggest that sildenafil is well tolerated among children with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension and pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease. This …

Administrators’ Perceptions Of Medication Management In Assisted Living Facilities: Results From Focus Groups, Priscilla T. Ryder, Melanie Joseph, Marnie Zuckermann, Ilene H. Zuckermann

Scholarship and Professional Work – COPHS

Objective: Assisted living (AL) residents are vulnerable to adverse events as a result of using numerous medications and frequently need assistance in administering medications. Very little is known, however, about the ways in which medications are managed within this level of care. Design: AL administrators from the metropolitan Baltimore, Maryland area were invited to participate in focus groups to explore issues involved in medication management.

Setting and Participants: Four administrators from smaller (15 beds or fewer) and six larger (more than 15 beds) certified AL facilities serving primarily older residents participated. Administrators must have served in their position at least …

Association Of Antipsychotic Use With Hospital Events And Mortality Among Medicare Beneficiaries Residing In Long-Term Care Facilities, Linda Simoni-Wastila, Priscilla T. Ryder, Jingjing Qian, Ilene H. Zuckermann, Thomas Shaffer, Lirong Zhao

Scholarship and Professional Work – COPHS

Objective—Antipsychotic (AP) utilization has grown significantly in long-term care (LTC) settings. Although a growing literature associates AP use with higher mortality in elderly with dementia, the association of APs with hospital events is unclear. The authors examine prevalence and trends in AP use by Medicare beneficiaries residing in LTC and the association of APs and other drug use variables with hospital events and mortality.

Design—Retrospective analysis using sequential multivariate Cox proportional hazards models.

Setting—Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey linked to Institutional Drug Administration and Minimum Data Set files.

Participants—A total of 2,363 LTC Medicare beneficiaries, 1999–2002. Measurements—Trends in LTC AP use …

Treatment Of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma, David J. Reeves, Chin Y. Liu

Scholarship and Professional Work – COPHS

Purpose

To review the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), including the use of new targeted therapies.

Methods

A search of MEDLINE (1966 to August 2008) and American Society of Clinical Oncology Meeting abstracts (2005 to May 2008) was preformed using the search terms bevacizumab, everolimus, interferon-alfa (IFN-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2), sorafenib, sunitinib, temsirolimus, and RCC. Articles most pertinent to the treatment of metastatic RCC are reviewed.

Results

The treatment of metastatic RCC has undergone a paradigm shift over the past 5 years from biologic response modifiers to new targeted therapies. Historically, response rates for the biological response modifiers, aldesleukin …

Retrospective Evaluation Of Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis In The Adult Cancer Population, David J. Reeves, Chin Y. Liu

Scholarship and Professional Work – COPHS

Study objectives. Hospitalized cancer patients are at an increased risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) and it is recommended they receive pharmacologic prophylaxis unless otherwise contraindicated. The majority of data supporting this recommendation comes from sub-group analyses and extrapolation of data gathered in general medical/surgical patients. This study seeks to assess the safety and efficacy of VTE prophylaxis in cancer patients admitted to our institution.

Methods. Charts of patients 18—89 years of age receiving VTE prophylaxis with unfractionated heparin, low molecular weigh heparin, or fondaparinux while admitted to Karmanos Cancer Center between September and October 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. Risk factors …

Efficacy Of Deferasirox In Preventing Complications Of Iron Overload In The Iron Overloaded Gerbil, Rabaa M. Al-Rousan

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Iron overload is a significant, world-wide problem that results in several chronic diseases including cardiovascular, hepatic and pancreatic complications.The newly developed, orally effective, iron chelating agent deferasirox is thought to offer tremendous promise as an alternative to deferoxamine. However, the efficacy and safety profile of deferasirox is not yet clear. In the present study, the efficacy of deferasirox in removing iron from target tissues has been examined using the gerbil model of iron overload. Deferasirox administration resulted in a significant reduction of iron from cardiac and hepatic tissue. In addition deferasirox reduced iron induced increase in cardiac and hepatic oxidative …

Fatigue And Its Effect On Cabin Crew Member Performance, Stephanie Hide Mas

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

Since 1993, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) has stated fatigue was a contributing factor in eight airline catastrophes in the US resulting in 250 fatalities. Many proposals to mitigate fatigue as a safety issue in aviation have been suggested. Those on the NTSB List of Most Wanted Transportation Safety Improvements involve “hours of on-duty work” rules, which provide an essential set of limits on the work day for all transportation workers. However, most fatigue studies have focused on cockpit crew and not on the cabin crew. This report investigates cabin crew members, their scheduled work, rest and sleep times …

Aviation Automation Design And Implementation - The Need For Human Factors Considerations, Karl Fennell, Shawn Pruchnicki, David Mckenney, Helena Reidemar, Kevin Comstock

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

This document outlines the Air Line Pilots Association’s (ALPA) aviation automation concerns and expresses the recommendations of both experienced pilots and experts alike. Refer to our statement of position document for additional details at www.ALPA.org under Safety, HFT (Human Factors and Training). Safe and effective aviation automation∗ is only possible when human factors principles are utilized properly. We strongly encourage engineers, regulators, and operators to apply human factors considerations at every stage of aviation automation hardware, software, and procedure design. Occasionally procedures or products are implemented without these considerations. This inattention can make usage problematic and has produced unintended consequences …

Modeling Pilot Cognitive Behavior For Predicting Performance And Workload Effects Of Cockpit Automation, Guk-Ho Gil, David Kaber, Sang-Hwan Kim, Karl Kaufmann, Theo Veil

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2009

The objective of this research was to develop a model of pilot cognitive behavior to predict performance and workload while using varying degrees of cockpit automation to serve as a basis for future systems design. A cognitive task analysis (CTA) was conducted on expert pilot performance a flight control panel (FCP), control-display unit (CDU) and flight management system, and an enhanced CDU (CDU+) providing pre-programmed arrivals from air traffic control in a simulated landing and approach task. Cognitive models were developed from the CTA using an enhanced form of the GOMS language, including a set of additional task operators, to …

Research Annual Report 2008, Children's Mercy Hospital

Research Annual Reports

Annual report of the research at Children's Mercy Hospital in Kansas City MO, a pediatric medical center.