Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

A Rapid Non-Destructive Method For Root Dentin Moisture Measurements, Qiang Zhu, Jin Jiang, Kamran E. Safavi, Larz S.W. Spångberg

UCHC Articles - Research

Dentin moisture content is important in adhesive bonding and structural strength research. However, there is no rapid method available to assess dentin moisture without sample destruction. This study examined the use of a digital grain moisture meter to measure root dentin moisture in vitro. Extracted mandibular single rooted teeth were sectioned at the CEJ. The moisture of the root dentin was measured at six measuring modes for different grains and repeated five times. Dentin weight changes before and after drying were measured to obtain control values. The control values were compared with machine readings. In conclusion, (1) Each non-destructive measurement …

Retention Of Polarization Signatures In Shg Microscopy Of Scattering Tissues Through Optical Clearing, Oleg Nadiarnykh, Paul J. Campagnola

UCHC Articles - Research

Polarization responses in Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) imaging microscopy are a valuable method to quantify aspects of tissue structure, and may be a means to differentiate normal and diseased tissues. Due to multiple scattering, the polarization data is lost in turbid tissues. Here we investigate if this information can be retained through the use of optical clearing which greatly reduces the scattering coefficient and increases the corresponding mean free path. To this end, we have measured the SHG intensity as a function of laser polarization and the SHG signal anisotropy in murine tendon and striated muscle over a depth range …

Medical Education Digest, Vol. 11 No. 2 (March/April 2009), Nova Southeastern University

Medical Education Digest

No abstract provided.

Impact Of Pedometer Use And Self-Regulation Strategies On Junior High School Physical Education Students' Daily Step Counts, Jane Shimon, Linda M. Petlichkoff

Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of pedometer use and self-regulation strategies on adolescents’ daily physical activity.

Methods: Junior high school students (n = 113) enrolled in seventh- and eighth-grade physical education classes (52 girls, 61 boys) volunteered to participate in a 5-week study to assess daily step counts. Ten physical education classes were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: (a) self-regulation, (b) open, and (c) control.

Results: A repeated-measures, mixed-model analysis of variance revealed a significant 3 × 4 (Group by Time) interaction effect, F_6,290 = 2.64, P < .02. Followup analyses indicated participants in the self-regulation group took 2071 to 4141 more steps/d than the control. No other significant differences emerged among groups on step counts.

Conclusions: It appears that …

Acetaminophen Prevents Aging-Associated Hyperglycemia In Aged Rats: Effect Of Aging-Associated Hyperactivation Of P38-Mapk And Erk1/2, Miaozong Wu, Devashish H. Desai, Sunil K. Kakarla, Anjaiah Katta, Satyanarayana Paturi, Anil K. Gutta, Kevin M. Rice, Ernest M. Walker Jr., Eric R. Blough

MIIR Faculty Research

Background

Aging-related hyperglycemia is associated with increased oxidative stress and diminished muscle glucose transporter-4 (Glut4) that may be regulated, at least in part, by the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK).

Methods

To test the possibility that aging-related hyperglycemia can be prevented by pharmacological manipulation of MAPK hyperactivation, aged (27-month old) Fischer 344/NNiaHSD × Brown Norway/BiNia F1 (F344BN) rats were administered acetaminophen (30 mg/kg body weight/day) for 6 months in drinking water.

Results

Hepatic histopathology, serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase analyses suggested that chronic acetaminophen did not cause hepatotoxicity. Compared with adult (6-month) and aged (27-month) rats, very aged rats (33-month) …

Fate Of Libby Amphibole Fibers When Burning Contaminated Firewood, Tony Ward, Julie Faroni Hart, Terry M. Spear, Brienne J. Meyer, James S. Webber

Public and Community Health Sciences Faculty Publications

In Libby, Montana, over 70 years of mining amphibole-contaminated vermiculite has led to amphibole contamination in areas surrounding the abandoned mine and in other areas throughout the town. In addition to contaminated soils, tree bark has also been found to be contaminated with amphibole fibers throughout the Libby area. As residential woodstoves are the main source of home heating in Libby, the purpose of this study was to determine if amphibole fibers become liberated into the ambient air when amphibole-contaminated firewood is combusted.

Amphibole-contaminated firewood was combusted in new, EPA-certified stoves during three trials. The results of these trials showed …

Clinical Trial Of Tailored Activity And Eating Newsletters With Older Rural Women., Susan Noble Walker, Carol H. Pullen, Linda Boeckner, Patricia A. Hageman, Melody Hertzog, Maureen K. Oberdorfer, Matthew J. Rutledge

Journal Articles: College of Nursing

BACKGROUND: Unhealthy diet and lack of physical activity increase rural midlife and older women's risk of chronic diseases and premature death, and they are behind urban residents in meeting Healthy People 2010 objectives.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to compare a tailored intervention based on the Health Promotion Model with a generic intervention to increase physical activity and healthy eating among rural women.

METHODS: In a randomized-by-site, community-based, controlled, clinical trial, Wellness for Women, 225 women aged 50 to 69 years were recruited in two similar rural areas. Over 12 months, women received by mail either 18 generic …

Motivation To Self-Harm In Middle Childhood: Relationship To Emotional Symptomotology And Home Environment, Tara K. Cossel, Natasha Elkovitch, David J. Hansen

Department of Psychology: Presentations

Self-harm in childhood is an important, though neglected area of empirical research. Research has, however, investigated the emotional and environmental factors associated with self-harm in adolescent and adult populations. This research provides a foundation from which to investigate desire to self-harm in child populations.

With regard to emotional factors, self-injurers report having a negative affect they wish to avoid (Polk & Liss, 2007). Further, distraction from emotional pain has been identified as the most prevalent motivation for self-harm across genders (Swannell, Martin, Scott, Gibbons, & Gifford, 2008). Briere and Gil (1998) found self-injury is used in an attempt to decrease …

Does Public Or Not-For-Profit Status Affect The Earnings Of Hospital Workers?, Edward J. Schumacher

Health Care Administration Faculty Research

This paper examines the earnings differentials among hospital workers in the public, private nonprofit, and private for-profit sectors. Utilizing data from the 1995 through 2007 Current Population Surveys, unadjusted earnings are highest in the private nonprofit sector and lowest in private for-profit firms. Once measurable characteristics are accounted for, health practitioners in for-profit and nonprofit hospitals earn similar wages while public sector workers earn small but significant wage penalties. Nonprofit hospitals tend to attract workers with higher levels of skill as measured by schooling and potential experience. This could be explained in part by worker sorting and lower cost containment …

Optical Imaging Of Interaural Time Difference Representation In Rat Auditory Cortex., Vassiliy Tsytsarev, Hidenao Fukuyama, Daniel Pope, Elena Pumbo, Minoru Kimura

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Motivation In Spinoza And Rosenzweig Or Transgressing The Boundaries Of A Rationally Constructed Self, Jules Simon

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.

Avoidance-Suppressing Effect Of Antipsychotic Drugs Is Progressively Potentiated After Repeated Administration: An Interoceptive Drug State Mechanism, Alexa Lucille Mead, Ming Li

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Antipsychotic drugs selectively suppress conditioned avoidance response. Using a two-way active avoidance response paradigm, we examined the role of drug-induced interoceptive state in the mediation of avoidance-suppressive effect. In Experiment 1, we found that rats intermittently treated with olanzapine (OLZ) (1.0 mg/kg, s.c.) or haloperidol (0.03 mg/kg, s.c.) on the 1st day of a 3-day cycle for seven cycles exhibited a progressive across-session decline in avoidance responding, despite the fact that they exhibited a comparable high level of avoidance responding on the 3rd day of each cycle during the drug-free retraining session. In Experiments 2 and 3, rats that were …

Closing The Food Gap In Adams County: A Proposal For Comprehensive Solutions Through Community Action, Vickie Corbett, Rayna Cooper, Kim Davidson, Kathy Gaskin, Kathy Glahn, Aimee S. George, Audrey Hess, Gretchen Natter, Christine Nemetz, Megan Shreve, Sara W. Tower

Center for Public Service Research

Today, in Adams County, we have two food systems. The 20% who live in poverty survive on food stamps, the food pantry, church donations, and trips to discount food vendors. Those with more financial stability could choose from an abundance of healthy, sustainably produced, local and international foods. We have come to accept these two food systems as the norm without critically analyzing how it is affecting individuals and the health of our communities.

In addition to reducing the disparity and closing the food gap, this initiative is focused on building our local economy and educating our community about nutrition …

Colocalization Of Increased Transforming Growth Factor-Β-Induced Protein (Tgfbip) And Clusterin In Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy, Ula V. Jurkunas, Maya Bitar, Ian Rawe

Ophthalmology

PURPOSE: To investigate the differential expression of TGFBIp in normal human and Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) endothelial cell-Descemet’s membrane (HCEC-DM) complex, and to asses the structural role of TGFBIp and clusterin (CLU) in guttae formation.

METHODS: HCEC-DM complex was dissected from stroma in normal and FECD samples. Proteins were separated by 2-D gel electrophoresis and subjected to proteomic analysis. N-terminal processing of TGFBIp was detected by Western blot analysis with two separate antibodies against the N- and C-terminal regions of TGFBIp. Expression of TGFBI mRNA was compared by using real-time PCR. Subcellular localization of TGFBIp and CLU in corneal …

Oogenesis Defects In A Mutant Mouse Model Of Oculodentodigital Dysplasia, Dan Tong, Deanne Colley, Renee Thoo, Tony Y. Li, Isabelle Plante, Dale W. Laird, Donglin Bai, Gerald M. Kidder

Physiology and Pharmacology Publications

The essential role of connexin43 (Cx43) during oogenesis has been demonstrated by the severe germ cell deficiency and arrested folliculogenesis observed in Cx43 knockout mice. Recently, another mutant mouse strain became available (Gja1Jrt/+) that carries the dominant loss-of-function Cx43 mutation, Cx43G60S. Gja1Jrt/+ mice display features of the human disease, oculodentodigital dysplasia (ODDD), caused by mutations in the GJA1 gene. We have used this new mutant strain to study how a disease-linked Cx43 mutant affects oogenesis. We found that female mutant mice are subfertile with significantly reduced mating success and small litters. The phosphorylated species of the Cx43 protein are reduced …

Predictors Of Likelihood And Intensity Of Past-Year Mental Health Service Use In An Active Canadian Military Sample, Deniz Fikretoglu, Jon D Elhai, Aihua Liu, Don Richardson, David J. Pedlar

MacDonald Franklin OSI Research Centre

Objective:
This study examined associations between sociodemographic, military, and psychiatric need variables and past-year mental health service use among active Canadian military members. The likelihood and intensity of services were examined across two provider types— mental health providers and medical providers.
Methods: Data were drawn from the first epidemiological survey of mental health in the Canadian Forces, conducted by Statistics Canada in 2002. Survey instruments included the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, which was used to assess mental health and service use.
Results: Of the 8,441 military members who participated in the survey, 14.5% (N=1,220) met criteria for having a mental …

The Influence Of The Physical Environment And Sociodemographic Characteristics On Children's Mode Of Travel To And From School, Kristian Larsen, Jason Gilliland, Peter Hess, Patricia Tucker, Jennifer Irwin, Meizi He

Geography & Environment Publications

Objectives: We examined whether certain characteristics of the social and physical environment influence a child's mode of travel between home and school.

Methods: Students aged 11 to 13 years from 21 schools throughout London, Ontario, answered questions from a travel behavior survey. A geographic information system linked survey responses for 614 students who lived within 1 mile of school to data on social and physical characteristics of environments around the home and school. Logistic regression analysis was used to test the influence of environmental factors on mode of travel (motorized vs "active") to and from school.

Results: Over 62% of …

Mathematics Deficiencies In Children With Very Low Birth Weight Or Very Preterm Birth, H. Gerry Taylor, Kimberly A. Espy, Peter J. Anderson

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory: Faculty Publications

Abstract Children with very low birth weight (VLBW, < 1500 g) or very pre-term birth (VPTB, < 32 weeks gestational age or GA) have more mathematics disabilities or deficiencies (MD) and higher rates of mathematics learning disabilities (MLD) than normal birth weight term-born children (NBW, > 2500 g and > 36 weeks GA). MD are found even in children without global disorders in cognition or neurosensory status and when IQ is controlled, and they are associated with other learning problems and weaknesses in perceptual motor abilities and executive function. Factors related to poorer mathematics outcomes include lower birth weight and GA, neonatal complications, and possible abnormalities in brain structure. While little is known about the nature of MD in these children, studies of MLD in other neurodevelopmental disorders and in children with learning disabilities provide useful models for further …

What's Happening: March, 2009, Maine Medical Center

What's Happening

No abstract provided.

What Is The Cost Of Maintaining A Kidney In Upper-Tract Transitional-Cell Carcinoma? An Objective Analysis Of Cost And Survival., Raymond W Pak, Eric J Moskowitz, Demetrius H Bagley

Department of Urology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: For many years, the gold standard in upper urinary tract transitional-cell carcinoma (UT-TCC) management has been nephroureterectomy with excision of the bladder cuff. Advances in endourologic instrumentation have allowed urologists to manage this malignancy. The feasibility and success of conservative measures for UT-TCC have been widely published, but there has not been an objective cost analysis performed to date. Our goal was to examine the direct costs of renal-sparing conservative measures v nephroureterectomy and subsequent chronic kidney disease (CKD) or end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Secondary analysis includes a discussion of survival and quality-of-life issues for both treatment …

Assessment Of Asthma Control Using The Asthma Control Test At A Tertiary Care Centre In Karachi, Pakistan, Sana Shoukat, Saqib Ali Gowani, Ameer Ali Khowaja, Javaid Khan

Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care

The aim of our study was to assess asthma control among asthmatics at a tertiary care setting in Karachi using ACT questionnaire. The ACT questionnaire was filled by known asthmatics in January 2007. A total of 150 questionnaires were filled of which, 61 (40%) were males and 89 (60%) females. Mean ACT score was 17.71 +/- 4.41. Association between sex and asthma control was not statistically significant. Significant association was seen with asthma control and Ipratropium bromide inhaler. Asthma control among patients at a tertiary care centre is moderate. ACT can be used to follow patients in the hospital.

Electronic Media Exposure And Its Association With Activity-Related Outcomes In Female Adolescents: Cross-Sectional And Longitudinal Analyses, Felipe Lobelo, Marsha Dowda, Karin A. Pfeiffer, Russell R. Pate

Faculty Publications

Background: Few investigations have assessed in adolescent girls the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between elevated exposure to electronic media (EM) and activity-related outcomes such as compliance with physical activity (PA) standards or cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Methods: Four-hundred thirty-seven white and African American girls were assessed at the 8th, 9th, and 12th grades. PA and EM (TV/video watching, electronic games, Internet use) were self-reported, and CRF was estimated using a cycle-ergometer test. Hi EM exposure was defined as ≥ four 30-minute blocks/d. Results: 8th-, 9th-, and 12th-grade girls in the Hi EM group showed lower compliance with PA standards and had …

Age-Related Change In Physical Activity In Adolescent Girls, Russell R. Pate, June Stevens, Larry S. Webber, Marsha Dowda, David M. Murray, Deborah R. Young, Scott Going

Faculty Publications

Purpose - To determine the annual rate at which physical activity changes in girls during middle school using both objective and self-report measures of physical activity.

Methods - Participants were 6^th and 8^th grade girls from the control schools in the Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG). Random cross-sectional samples initially were drawn from 6^th grade girls (n=786) and two years later from 8^th grade girls (n=1545). A cohort of 501 girls was in both the 6^th and 8^th grade samples. The girls wore an accelerometer for six days and completed the 3-Day …

Does Cardiac Morphology Predict Plasma Brain Natriuretic Peptide Levels In Adolescent Athletes?, Kurt J. Nilsson, Michael S. Womack, Ronald Pfeiffer, Chad Harris, Mark Debeliso

Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Objective: The purpose of this study was to establish the relationship of plasma levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) to physiological parameters and cardiac morphological characteristics in a population of young athletes. Our hypothesis is that physiological and cardiac morphological characteristics do not predict BNP levels in adolescent athletes.

Design: Observational study

Setting: Outpatient hospital Patients: 30 healthy male adolescent high school football players (16.0 +/- 1.1 yrs)

Interventions: Physical exam, electrocardiography, plasma BNP measurement by rapid fluorescent immunoassay, and limited echocardiography

Main Outcome Measure Null hypothesis: physiologic parameters and cardiac morphology do not predict plasma BNP levels in healthy …

New Dentist News (March 2009), Ada Committee On The New Dentist

New Dentist News

New Dentist News offers timely information on scientific, social, educational, political and economic developments affecting new dentists. This collection is historical and items may not reflect current standards. For up-to-date information contact the ADA. The New Dentist News was alternately titled ADA Lifeline, 1997-June 2001.

Emergency Commitment Of Very Young Children, Annette Christy, Brittany Handelsman

Mental Health Law & Policy Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Early Ischemic Stroke Presentation In Pakistan, Ayeesha Kamran Kamal, Bhojo A Khealani, Sajjad Ahmed Ansari, Maria Afridi, Nadir Ali Syed

Department of Medicine

Introduction: There are no studies from Pakistan that describe stroke presentation rates or factors associated with early or delayed presentation. This is important to know because current clinical protocols limit the use of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA), the only available therapy for acute ischemic stroke, to a three-hour window from symptom onset.
Methods: All patients aged 14 years or above with acute ischemic stroke of < or = 48 hours duration were prospectively identified from the Aga Khan University Stroke Data Bank over a 22-month period ending May 2001.
Results: 269 ischemic stroke patients presented within 48 hours of stroke onset. 55 out of 269 (21%) presented within first three hours and 110 out of 269 (41%) within first six hours. Unawareness of …

Editorial, C Nayak

Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy

No abstract provided.

Pothos Foetidus – A Multicentric Double Blind Homoeopathic Pathogenetic Trial, R Shaw, Vikram Singh, V Siddiqui, Rajpal Rajpal, Vinay Singh, Hari Singh, P Mal, A Bhakat

Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy

Objective: To elicit the pharmacodynamic response of the drug Pothos foetidus on healthy human beings in non-toxic doses. Methodology: Drug was proved through a double-blind method. The study was conducted at two centres. The drug was proved in three potencies (6C, 30C and 200C) on 25 volunteers who were selected and declared apparently healthy during their pre-trial medical examination by specialists and through their routine pathological investigations. The volunteers consumed 56 doses (four doses per day for fourteen days) of each potency (6C, 30C and 200C) in three stages for a varying period. The symptoms generated during the trial period …

An Open Clinical Observational Study On The Usefulness Of Pre-Defined Homoeopathic Medicines In The Management Of Chronic Sinusitis, Sunil Ramteke, C Nayak, Vikram Singh, Praveen Oberai, Varanasi Roja

Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy

Objective: To ascertain the usefulness of 17 pre-defined homoeopathic medicines in the management of chronic sinusitis. Methods: This is an interim analysis of the open clinical observational study conducted by the Regional Research Institute (Homoeopathy), at Shimla (Himachal Pradesh) under Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy from October 2005 to March 2009. Ninety seven patients suffering from chronic sinusitis were enrolled in the study; 51 patients completed the treatment and follow up period of 6 months and were assessed using chronic sinusitis symptom score (CSSS). Seventeen pre-defined medicines in centesimal scale of potencies (30C, 200C and 1M) were prescribed. Results: …