Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

An Assessment Of Obese And Non Obese Girls’ Metabolic Rate During Television Viewing, Reading, And Resting., Theodore Cooper, L. Klesges, M. Debon, R. Klesges, M. Shelton

Departmental Papers (Psych)

No abstract provided.

Treatment At The Front End Of The Criminal Justice Continuum: The Association Between Arrest And Admission Into Specialty Substance Abuse Treatment, Sheryl Kubiak, Cynthia L. Arfken, James A. Swartz, Alison L. Koch

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

To reduce criminal recidivism and drug use, it has been proposed that the substance abuse treatment delivery system cut across different components of the criminal justice continuum. Arrest, at the front end of this continuum, may represent a critical moment to motivate people with substance use disorders (SUD) to seek treatment but is often over looked as an intervention point. We used data from the 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) to compare treatment need and recent treatment admission for participants with no criminal justice (CJ) involvement in the past year, past-year arrest, and CJ …

The Effect Of Handling Time On Temporal Discounting In Two New World Primates, Alexandra G. Rosati, Jeffrey R. Stevens, Marc D. Hauser

Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior: Faculty Publications

Foraging decisions in nonhuman animals often require choosing between small, immediate food rewards and larger, more delayed rewards. Faced with such choices, animals typically discount or devalue the future quite strongly. Although discounting studies often focus on delays to reward access, other temporal intervals contribute to foraging rate, and thus may potentially influence discounting levels. Here, we examine the effect of handling time, the time required to process and consume food, on discounting in cottontop tamarins, Saguinus oedipus, and common marmosets, Callithrix jacchus, two species that differ in levels of temporal discounting. We presented subjects with a discounting task under …

A View From The Sun Parlor: A History Of Pediatrics In Portland, Maine, J Daniel Miller

Histories

Publication includes a written history, posters, photographs, and charts pertaining to the early years of pediatrics in Portland, Maine.

What's Happening: January, 2006, Maine Medical Center

What's Happening

No abstract provided.

Diverse Roles Of Pkcα In Vascular Smooth Muscle Contraction, Ava Caudill Dykes

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

A complete understanding of the mechanisms underlying smooth muscle contractility has proven elusive due to the many interacting factors thought to influence contractile behavior in this muscle type. One such factor, protein kinase Cα (PKCα), is proposed to play a central role in both the activation and modulation of smooth muscle contraction. PKCα is activated through a G-protein coupled receptor and is subsequently translocated to its site of action. Although the mechanisms regulating PKCα site specific translocation are not completely understood, it is thought that this process is essential for PKCα specificity of action within the cell. In chapter II …

Cyclin D1 And P16 Expression In Recurrent Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Ho-Sheng Lin, Gerald J. Berry, Zijie Sun, Willard E. Fee Jr

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Cyclin D1 and p16 are involved in the regulation of G1 checkpoint and may play an important role in the tumorigenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Previous studies have examined the level of expression of cyclin D1 and p16 in primary untreated NPC but no such information is available for recurrent NPC. We set out in this study to examine the expression level of cyclin D1 and p16 in recurrent NPC that have failed previous treatment with radiation +/- chemotherapy.

Patients and methods

A total of 42 patients underwent salvage nasopharyngectomy from 1984 to 2001 for recurrent NPC after …

Effect Of Changes In Contractility On The Index Of Myocardial Performance In The Dysfunctional Left Ventricle, Steven J. Lavine

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

The index of myocardial performance has prognostic power in patients with cardiomyopathy and following myocardial infarction. As the index of myocardial performance has been shown to be preload and afterload dependent, the effect of altering contractility on IMP and its components with left ventricular dysfunction has been incompletely delineated.

Methods

Chronic left ventricular dysfunction was induced in 10 canines using coronary microsphere embolization. Each dog was instrumented and imaged with 2D echo and Doppler. At the same atrially paced rate, contractility was increased with a dobutamine infusion and then following 4 weeks of oral digoxin.

Results

With chronic …

Genistein Inhibits Radiation-Induced Activation Of Nf-Κb In Prostate Cancer Cells Promoting Apoptosis And G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest, Julian J. Raffoul, Yu Wang, Omer Kucuk, Jeffrey D. Forman, Fazlul H. Sarkar, Gilda G. Hillman

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

New cancer therapeutic strategies must be investigated that enhance prostate cancer treatment while minimizing associated toxicities. We have previously shown that genistein, the major isoflavone found in soy, enhanced prostate cancer radiotherapy in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we investigated the cellular and molecular interaction between genistein and radiation using PC-3 human prostate cancer cells.

Methods

Tumor cell survival and progression was determined by clonogenic analysis, flow cytometry, EMSA analysis of NF-κB, and western blot analysis of cyclin B1, p21^WAF1/Cip1, and cleaved PARP protein.

Results

Genistein combined with radiation caused greater inhibition in PC-3 …

Hydroxyurea And Sickle Cell Anemia: Effect On Quality Of Life, Samir K. Ballas, Franca B. Barton, Myron A. Waclawiw, Paul Swerdlow, James R. Eckman, Charles H. Pegelow, Mabel Koshy, Bruce A. Barton, Duane R. Bonds

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

The Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea (HU) in Sickle Cell Anemia (MSH) previously showed that daily oral HU reduces painful sickle cell (SS) crises by 50% in patients with moderate to severe disease. The morbidity associated with this disease is known to have serious negative impact on the overall quality of life(QOL) of affected individuals.

Methods

The data in this report were collected from the 299 patients enrolled in the MSH. Health quality of llife (HQOL) measures were assessed in the MSH as a secondary endpoint to determine if the clinical benefit of HU could translate into a measurable …

Fast Drying Of Fine Needle Aspiration Slides Using A Hand Held Fan: Impact On Turn Around Time And Staining Quality, Mirza A. Baig, Lamia Fathallah, Jining Feng, Mujtaba Husain, David G. Grignon, Mousa A. Al-Abbadi

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

To analyze the impact of using a hand held fan to speed the air-drying process during immediate adequacy evaluation of Fine Needle Aspirations. The effect on turn around time and staining quality is evaluated.

Two mirror image air-dried smears for each pass were prepared. One was subjected to a small hand-held fan with a fan diameter of 7 cm held an average distance of 3 to 5 cm from the slide. The other smear was left to dry without a fan. A total of 93 consecutive pairs were evaluated over a 2-month duration.

The average time needed for air-drying …

Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring In Overweight Critically Ill Patients: Invasive Or Noninvasive?, Ali Araghi, Joseph J. Bander, Jorge A. Guzman

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Introduction

Blood pressure measurements frequently guide management in critical care. Direct readings, commonly from a major artery, are considered to be the gold standard. Because arterial cannulation is associated with risks, alternative noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP) measurements are routinely used. However, the accuracy of NIBP determinations in overweight patients in the outpatient setting is variable, and little is known about critically ill patients. This prospective, observational study was performed to compare direct intra-arterial blood pressure (IABP) with NIBP measurements obtained using auscultatory and oscillometric methods in overweight patients admitted to our medical intensive care unit.

Method

Adult critically ill …

Recall Of Age Of Weaning And Other Breastfeeding Variables, Brenda Gillespie, Hannah D'Arcy, Kendra Schwartz, Janet Bobo, Betsy Foxman

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Many studies of the impact of breastfeeding on child or maternal health have relied on data reported retrospectively. The goal of this study was to assess recall accuracy among breastfeeding mothers of retrospectively collected data on age of weaning, reasons for cessation, breast pain, lactation mastitis, and pumping.

Methods

Women in Michigan and Nebraska, U.S.A. were interviewed by telephone every 3 weeks during the first 3 months after the birth of their child, and mailed a questionnaire at 6 months. A subset was interviewed again by telephone approximately 1–3.5 years after the birth. The results for the three …

Characterization Of Pancreatic Lesions From Mt-Tgfα, Ela-Myc And Mt-Tgfα/Ela-Myc Single And Double Transgenic Mice, Dezhong Liao, Yong Wang, Jiusheng Wu, Nazmi Adsay, David Grignon, Fayyaz Khanani, Fazlul H. Sarkar

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

In order to identify good animal models for investigating therapeutic and preventive strategies for pancreatic cancer, we analyzed pancreatic lesions from several transgenic models and made a series of novel findings. Female MT-tgfα mice of the MT100 line developed pancreatic proliferation, acinar-ductal metaplasia, multilocular cystic neoplasms, ductal adenocarcinomas and prominent fibrosis, while the lesions in males were less severe. MT-tgfα-ES transgenic lines of both sexes developed slowly progressing lesions that were similar to what was seen in MT100 males. In both MT100 and MT-tgfα-ES lines, TGFα transgene was expressed mainly in proliferating ductal cells. Ela-myc transgenic mice with a …

Incidence Of Post Myocardial Infarction Left Ventricular Thrombus Formation In The Era Of Primary Percutaneous Intervention And Glycoprotein Iib/Iiia Inhibitors. A Prospective Observational Study, Arshad Rehan, Manpreet Kanwar, Howard Rosman, Sujood Ahmed, Arshad Ali, Julius Gardin, Gerald Cohen

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Before the widespread use of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (GP IIb/IIIa) left ventricular (LV) thrombus formation had been reported to complicate up to 20% of acute myocardial infarctions (AMI). The incidence of LV thrombus formation with these treatment modalities is not well known.

Methods

92 consecutive patients with ST-elevation AMI treated with PCI and GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors underwent 2-D echocardiograms, with and without echo contrast agent, within 24–72 hours.

Results

Only 4/92 (4.3%) had an LV thrombus, representing a significantly lower incidence than that reported in the pre-PCI era. Use of contrast agents …

Peroxisomal Proliferator Activated Receptor-Γ Deficiency In A Canadian Kindred With Familial Partial Lipodystrophy Type 3 (Fpld3), Gordon A. Francis, Gang Li, Robin Casey, Jian Wang, Henian Cao, Todd Leff, Robert A. Hegele

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Familial partial lipodystrophy (Dunnigan) type 3 (FPLD3, Mendelian Inheritance in Man [MIM] 604367) results from heterozygous mutations in PPARG encoding peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-γ. Both dominant-negative and haploinsufficiency mechanisms have been suggested for this condition.

Methods

We present a Canadian FPLD3 kindred with an affected mother who had loss of fat on arms and legs, but no increase in facial, neck, suprascapular or abdominal fat. She had profound insulin resistance, diabetes, severe hypertriglyceridemia and relapsing pancreatitis, while her pre-pubescent daughter had normal fat distribution but elevated plasma triglycerides and C-peptide and depressed high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Results

The mother and …

Increased Therapeutic Potential Of An Experimental Anti-Mitotic Inhibitor Sb715992 By Genistein In Pc-3 Human Prostate Cancer Cell Line, David A. Davis, Sarah H. Sarkar, Maha Hussain, Yiwei Li, Fazlul H. Sarkar

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Kinesin spindle proteins (KSP) are motor proteins that play an essential role in mitotic spindle formation. HsEg5, a KSP, is responsible for the formation of the bipolar spindle, which is critical for proper cell division during mitosis. The function of HsEg5 provides a novel target for the manipulation of the cell cycle and the induction of apoptosis. SB715992, an experimental KSP inhibitor, has been shown to perturb bipolar spindle formation, thus making it an excellent candidate for anti-cancer agent. Our major objective was a) to investigate the cell growth inhibitory effects of SB715992 on PC-3 human prostate cancer …

A Database And Tool, Im Browser, For Exploring And Integrating Emerging Gene And Protein Interaction Data For Drosophila, Svetlana Pacifico, Guozhen Liu, Stephen Guest, Jodi R. Parrish, Farshad Fotouhi, Russell L. Finley Jr

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Biological processes are mediated by networks of interacting genes and proteins. Efforts to map and understand these networks are resulting in the proliferation of interaction data derived from both experimental and computational techniques for a number of organisms. The volume of this data combined with the variety of specific forms it can take has created a need for comprehensive databases that include all of the available data sets, and for exploration tools to facilitate data integration and analysis. One powerful paradigm for the navigation and analysis of interaction data is an interaction graph or map that represents proteins …

Production Of Il-16 Correlates With Cd4+ Th1 Inflammation And Phosphorylation Of Axonal Cytoskeleton In Multiple Sclerosis Lesions, Dusanka S. Skundric, Juan Cai, William W. Cruikshank, Djordje Gveric

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system-specific autoimmune, demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease. Infiltration of lesions by autoaggressive, myelin-specific CD4+Th1 cells correlates with clinical manifestations of disease. The cytokine IL-16 is a CD4+ T cell-specific chemoattractant that is biased towards CD4+ Th1 cells. IL-16 precursor is constitutively expressed in lymphocytes and during CD4+ T cell activation; active caspase-3 cleaves and releases C-terminal bioactive IL-16. Previously, we used an animal model of MS to demonstrate an important role for IL-16 in regulation of autoimmune inflammation and subsequent axonal damage. This role of IL-16 in MS is largely unexplored. Here …

Achieving The American Dream: Facilitators And Barriers To Homeownership Among Immigrants, Lutchmie Narine, Marcia A. Shobe

Public Health, Food Studies, and Nutrition

As of March 2003, the immigrant population in the United States (US) has reached 33.5 million individuals. Finding a way out of poverty is very difficult for many immigrants due to both individual and institutional barriers to savings and asset accumulation. Given that the primary sources of wealth among native-born households is through homeownership, it is only fitting that foreign-born households would also wish to achieve the “American Dream.” This paper outlines significant supports and barriers to savings and, more importantly, homeownership among US immigrants. Several suggestions for asset-based policy development for immigrants are also included in the discussion. By …

Review Of Quick Reference Dictionary For Massage Therapy And Bodywork, John Brantley

Faculty & Staff Research & Creative Activity

No abstract provided.

Department Of Veterinary And Biomedical Sciences: 2006 Annual Report

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Information and History

Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Personnel . 9-16

Faculty .. 9

VBMS Researchers, Postdoctoral and Senior Research Associates . 10

VBMS Adjunct and Courtesy Faculty .... 11

Emeriti Faculty .. 11

VBMS Faculty and Staff by Function and Unit .. 9-16

VBMS Honors, Awards and Recognitions, 2006 17-19

VBMS Committee Assignments, 2006/2007 . 20-22

Faculty Profiles . 23-45

Raul G. Barletta, BS, MS, PhD .. 23

Bruce W. Brodersen, BS, DVM, MS, PhD .... 24

Michael P. Carlson, BS, MS, PhD ... 25

Subash Das, BSV c, MVSc, PhD .... 26

Alan R. Doster, DVM, MS, PhD, ACVP . …

Norovirus Classification And Proposed Strain Nomenclature, Du-Ping Zheng, Tamie Ando, Rebecca L. Fankhauser, R. Suzanne Beard, Roger I. Glass, Stephan S. Monroe

United States Public Health Resources

Without a virus culture system, genetic analysis becomes the principal method to classify norovirus (NoV) strains. Currently, classification of NoV strains beneath the species level has been based on sequences from different regions of the viral genome. As a result, the phylogenetic insights of some virus were not appropriately interpreted, and no consensus has been reached to establish a uniform classification scheme. To provide a consistent and reliable scientific basis for classifying NoVs, we analyzed the amino acid sequences for the major capsid protein of 164 NoV strains by first using an alignment based on the predicted 3D structures. A …

Agroterrorism—Why We’Re Not Ready: A Look At The Role Of Law Enforcement, Alberto R. Gonzales, Regina B. Schofield, Glenn R. Schmitt

United States Public Health Resources

Terrorists seeking to strike a blow at the U.S. economy need look no further than the Nation’s heartland for a “soft” target. An agroterrorist attack could dramatically impact many aspects of American life, including local law enforcement, which— especially in rural areas—is financially and strategically unprepared to respond.
Agricultural experts say that today they are most concerned about the intentional introduction of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) into the food supply. Twenty times more infectious than smallpox, FMD causes painful blisters on the tongues, hooves, and teats of cloven-hoofed animals (like cows, pigs, goats, and deer), rendering them unable to walk, be …

Presence And Regulation Of Messenger Ribonucleic Acids Encoding Components Of The Class Ii Major Histocompatibility Complex-Associated Antigen Processing Pathway In The Bovine Corpus Luteum, Matthew J. Cannon, John S. Davis, Joy L. Pate

United States Public Health Resources

Luteal cells express class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and can stimulate T lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. However, it is unknown whether luteal cells express the intracellular components necessary to process the peptides presented by class II MHC molecules. The objective of the present study was to examine the expression and regulation of three major class II-associated antigen processing components – class II MHC-associated invariant chain (Ii), DMa and DMb – in luteal tissue. Corpora lutea were collected early in the estrous cycle, during midcycle and late in the estrous cycle, and at various times following administration of a …

Hla Alleles Associated With Delayed Progression To Aids Contribute Strongly To The Initial Cd8+ T Cell Response Against Hiv-1, Marcus Altfeld, Elizabeth T. Kalife, Ying Qi, Hendrik Streeck, Mathais Lichterfeld, Mary N. Johnston, Nicole Burgett, Martha E. Swartz, Amy Yang, Galit Alter, Xu G. Yu, Angela Meier, Juergen K. Rockstroh, Todd M. Allen, Heiko Jessen, Eric S. Rosenberg, Mary Carrington, Bruce D. Walker

United States Public Health Resources

Background

Very little is known about the immunodominance patterns of HIV-1-specific T cell responses during primary HIV-1 infection and the reasons for human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) modulation of disease progression.

Methods and Findings

In a cohort of 104 individuals with primary HIV-1 infection, we demonstrate that a subset of CD8⁺ T cell epitopes within HIV-1 are consistently targeted early after infection, while other epitopes subsequently targeted through the same HLA class I alleles are rarely recognized. Certain HLA alleles consistently contributed more than others to the total virus-specific CD8⁺ T cell response during primary infection, and also reduced …

Rural/Nonrural Differences In Colorectal Cancer Incidence In The United States, 1998--2001, Steven S. Coughlin, Thomas B. Richards, Trevor Thompson, Barry A. Miller, Juliet Van Eenwyk, Marc T. Goodman, Recinda L. Sherman

United States Public Health Resources

BACKGROUND. Few studies of colorectal cancer incidence by rural, suburban, and metropolitan residence have been published.

METHODS. The authors examined colorectal cancer incidence among men and women in U.S. counties classified as rural, suburban, and metropolitan for the period 1998–2001. They examined rural/suburban/metropolitan differences in incidence by age, race, Hispanic ethnicity, stage at diagnosis, histology, and percentage of the total county population below the poverty level, using data from the CDC’s National Program of Cancer Registries, the NCI’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, and the 2000 U.S. Census.

RESULTS. A total of 495,770 newly diagnosed or …

Colorectal Cancer In U.S. Adults Younger Than 50 Years Of Age, 1998--2001, Temeika L. Fairley, Cheryll J. Cardinez, Jim Martin, Linda Alley, Carol Friedman, Brenda K. Edwards, Patricia Jamison

United States Public Health Resources

BACKGROUND. Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence rates are increasing among persons younger than 50 years of age, a population routinely not screened unless an individual has a high risk of CRC. This population-based study focuses primarily on describing the CRC burden for persons in this age group.

METHODS. The data used for this study were derived from the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) surveillance systems. Age-adjusted incidence rates, rate ratios, and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated.

RESULTS. CRC is ranked among the top 10 cancers occurring in males …

Transfusion-Associated Transmission Of West Nile Virus, United States 2003 Through 2005, Susan P. Montgomery, Jennifer A. Brown, Matthew Kuehnert, Theresa L. Smith, Nicholas Crall, Robert S. Lanciotti, Alexandre Macedo De Oliveira, Thomas Boo, Anthony A. Marfin

United States Public Health Resources

BACKGROUND: National blood donation screening for West Nile virus (WNV) started in June 2003, after the documentation of WNV transfusion-associated transmission (TAT) in 2002.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Blood donations were screened with investigational nucleic acid amplification assays in minipool formats. Blood collection agencies (BCAs) reported screening results to state and local public health authorities. Donor test results and demographic information were forwarded to CDC via ArboNET, the national electronic arbovirus surveillance system. State health departments and BCAs also reported suspect WNV TATs to CDC, which investigated these reports to confirm WNV infection in blood transfusion recipients in …

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (Sars): Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices And Sources Of Information Among Physicians Answering A Sars Fever Hotline Service, J.-F. Deng, B. Olowokure, S.C. Kaydos-Daniels, H.-J. Chang, R.S. Barwick, M.-L. Lee, C.-Y. Deng, S.H. Factor, C.-E. Chiang, S.A. Maloney, The Sars International Field Team

United States Public Health Resources

In June 2003, Taiwan introduced a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) telephone hotline service to provide concerned callers with rapid access to information, advice and appropriate referral where necessary. This paper reports an evaluation of the knowledge, attitude, practices and sources of information relating to SARS among physicians who staffed the SARS fever hotline service. A retrospective survey was conducted using a self-administered postal questionnaire. Participants were physicians who staffed a SARS hotline during the SARS epidemic in Taipei, Taiwan from June 1 to 10, 2003. A response rate of 83% was obtained. All respondents knew the causative agent of …