Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Metaplastic Carcinoma Of The Breast, An Intriguing Rarity., Naila Kayani, Fozia Rauf, Yasmin Bhurgri

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Abstract Metaplastic carcinoma breast is categorized as a rare heterogenous neoplasm generally characterized by a mixtureof adenocarcinoma with dominant areas of spindle cell, squamous and/or other mesenchymal differentiation. Todetermine the epidemio-demographic and histopathologic characteristics of this rare entity a retrospective studywas conducted to review all cases at the Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) Karachi, received during 1st January2000 to 31st August 2005. Twenty-four patients were identified with a mean age at diagnosis of 46.4 (±SD 3.8) years,and an age range of 28-68 years. The mean tumor size was 7.9 cm, range 2.0–17.0 cms (±SD 4.77). The specimenswere mostly obtained by …

Phylloides Tumors In Adolescent Girls And Young Women In Pakistan., Naila Kayani, Amna Khurshid, Yasmin Bhurgri

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of phylloides tumor (PT) in adolescent girls and youngwomen (less than and equal to 25 years of age) and to define the clinico-pathological features of PT in this unusualclinical setting. This descriptive study was carried out at the Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) pathologydepartment. All consecutive cases of PT diagnosed during the last sixteen years in the section of histopathology from1st January 1990 to 31st June 2005 were included. Selection of cases was restricted to patients up to 25 years of age.A total of 42 cases of PT in …

Significance Of Immunohistochemistry In Accurate Characterization Of Malignant Tumors, Zubair Ahmed, Najamul Sahar Azad, Yasmeen Bhurgari, Rashida Ahmed, Naila Kayani, Shahid Pervez, Sheema Hasan

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Background: To determine in a large series of surgical biopsies the role and significance of immunohistochemistry in the adequate and accurate characterization of malignant tumors.

Methods: A retrospective study of 20,000 consecutive surgical biopsies reported in the Section of Histopathology, AKU in 2003. Data was obtained by retrieving the filed surgical biopsy reports in the section.

Results And Conclusions: Out of the 20,000 biopsies, 6534 (32.67%) were neoplastic. 4726 neoplasms (72.33%) were malignant, and 1808 (27.67%) were benign. Immunohistochemistry was performed on 29.49% of malignant tumors, and 4.97% of benign tumors. Immunos were performed on only 2.82% of routine squamous …

Forensic Interviewing In Child Sexual Abuse Cases: Current Techniques And Future Directions, Lindsay E. Cronch, Jodi L. Viljoen, David J. Hansen

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

In child sexual abuse cases, skillful forensic interviews are important to ensure the protection of innocent individuals and the conviction of perpetrators. Studies have examined several factors that influence disclosure during interviews, including both interviewer and child characteristics. Numerous interviewing techniques have received attention in the literature, including allegation blind interviews, open-ended questioning, cognitive interviewing, the Touch Survey, truth–lie discussions, and anatomical dolls. Recent studies have examined new directions in forensic interviewing, such as structured interview protocols and the extended forensic evaluation model. In addition, the child advocacy center model has been established as a strategy to prevent repeated interviewing. …

Toward A Formal Theory Of Flexible Spatial Behavior: Geometric Category Biases Generalize Across Pointing And Verbal Response Types, John P. Spencer, Vanessa R. Simmering, Anne R. Schutte

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Three experiments tested whether geometric biases—-biases away from perceived reference axes—-reported in spatial recall tasks with pointing responses generalized to a recognition task that required a verbal response. Seven-year-olds and adults remembered the location of a dot within a rectangle and then either reproduced its location or verbally selected a matching choice dot from a set of colored options. Results demonstrated that geometric biases generalized to verbal responses; however, the spatial span of the choice set influenced performance as well. These data suggest that the same spatial memory process gives rise to both response types in this task. Simulations of …

Pro-Opiomelanocortin Co-Localizes With Corticotropin-Releasing Factor In Axon Terminals Of The Noradrenergic Nucleus Locus Coeruleus, Beverly A.S. Reyes, Julia D. Glaser, Ronaldo Magtoto, Elisabeth K. Van Bockstaele

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

We previously demonstrated that the opioid peptide, enkephalin, and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) are occasionally co-localized in individual axon terminals but more frequently converge on common dendrites in the locus coeruleus (LC). To further examine potential opioid co-transmitters in CRF afferents, we investigated the distribution of proopiomelanocortin (POMC), the precursor that yields the potent bioactive peptide, ß-endorphin, with respect to CRF immunoreactivity using immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopic analyses of the LC. Coronal sections were collected through the dorsal pontine tegmentum of rat brain and processed for immunocytochemical detection of POMC and CRF or tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). POMC-immunoreactive processes exhibited a distinct …

Seasonal Variation In Food Intake, Physical Activity, And Body Weight In A Predominantly Overweight Population, Yunsheng Ma, Barbara C. Olendzki, W. Li, Andrea R. Hafner, David E. Chiriboga, James R. Hébert, Mary Jane Campbell, M. Sarnie, Ira S. Ockene

Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVE:

To describe seasonal variation in food intake, physical activity, and body weight in a predominantly overweight population.

DESIGN:

A longitudinal observational study.

SETTING:

Most of the study participants were recruited from a health maintenance organization (HMO) in central Massachusetts, USA. Additional individuals of Hispanic descent were recruited from outside of the HMO population to increase the ethnic diversity of this sample.

SUBJECTS:

Data from 593 participants, aged 20-70, were used for this investigation. Each participant was followed quarterly (five sampling points: baseline and four consecutive quarters) for 1-year period. Body weight measurements and three 24-h dietary and physical activity …

Correlates Of Cigarette Smoking Among Low-Income African American Women, Jorge Delva, Marisol Tellez, Tracy L. Finlayson, Kimberlee A. Gretebeck, Kristine Siefert, David R. Williams, Amid I. Ismail

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Objective: This study examines individual and contextual correlates of cigarette smoking in a randomly selected, community-based sample of low-income African American women.

Design: The study sample was selected by using a two-stage area probability sample design.

Setting: Participants were recruited from > 12,000 housing units selected from 39 census tracts in the city of Detroit.

Participants: Participants for this study include a total of 921 women who completed the baseline assessment of a randomized clinical trial aimed at improving the oral health of African American families.

Main outcome measures: Past month prevalence of cigarette use and number of cigarettes smoked during …

Perceived Barriers To Care Among Hispanic Women Who Delay Prenatal Care, Gustavo A. Moretta

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among selected demographic variables and the barriers to prenatal care perceived by English- Speaking, Hispanic women. The Health Belief Model was used as the theoretical framework to guide the development of this study.

The sample consisted of 20 participants aged 18 years to 38 years of age who had sought prenatal care at a primary care clinic in a midwest community. The participants had visited the provider for prenatal care after the twelfth week of gestation. Data were obtained using two instruments. Melnyk’s Perceived Barriers to Care Seale (1990) measured …

Lsuhsc Facilities Biweekly Update: April 2006, Lsuhsc Property And Facilities Management

LSUHSC Facilities Biweekly Updates: 2006

LSUHSC Facilities Biweekly Updates from April 11 and 22, 2006.

These updates describe damage and a timeline of repairs at the LSU Health Sciences Center - New Orleans campus due to Hurricane Katrina which made landfall August 29, 2005.

Lsuhsc Facilities Daily Update: April 2006, Lsuhsc Property And Facilities Management

LSUHSC Facilities Daily Updates: 2006

LSUHSC Dailly Facilities Updates from April 2006. These updates describe damage and a timeline of repairs at the LSU Health Sciences Center - New Orleans campus due to Hurricane Katrina which made landfall August 29, 2005.

Meeting Public Health Challenges, Mckinley Thomas

Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association

Meeting Public Health Challenges

The Diagnostic Yield Of Various Tests For Helicobacter Pylori Infection In Patients On Acid Reducing Drugs, Javed Yakoob, Wasim Jafri, Z Abbas, Shahab Abid, Muhammad Islam, Saeed Hamid, Syed H Shah

Section of Gastroenterology

No abstract provided.

Sex-Education And Preventative And Contraceptive Services: Educação-Sexual E Serviços Contraceptivos E Preventativos, Elizabeth M. Ortiz

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Maternal morbidity is one of the leading causes of death amongst women in Latina America. Lack of access to Reproductive Health services has incited a continental epidemic amongst adolescent women - and should be considered a public health crisis. Yet, there is little being done by the governing male bodies to secure access and the Right to Reproductive Health services. This is not only a means of re-enforcing gendered inequalities- but also class, and racial disparities. Reproductive Health in Brazil and Northeastern Brazil in particular, serves as an allegory for socio-economic, gender, ethnic, and racial inequality in the region. The …

Embracing The Demons Within: Spiritual Possession And Mental Health Support In Madagascar, Thomas Cody Swift

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Possession, and the systems of mental health support existing under the same spiritual paradigm, inherently address and serve to instigate a change in the entirety of one’s life. The two traditional systems of mental health support in Madagascar, tromba spirit healers and Protestent exorcisms, appear to differ in doctine and tradition and have been proposed to be fundementally incompatible because of “conflicting or alternative epistemological realities” (Sharp, 525). The goals of this research, however, will be to identify the contextual and functional trends of the two systems that exist to support and ameliorate the mental health of the Malagasy people. …

The Human Ecology Of A Disease: Dissemination Of Resources And Information On Hiv And Aids In Can Tho City And An Giang Province, Lucas Thornblade

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

HIV has spread worldwide. This virus, resulting in as-of-yet incurable destruction of the human immune system, has caused the death of millions in the last two decades through opportunistic infections manifest as AIDS. Though development of prevention and treatment measures have greatly improved in recent years, because of lack of resources, incidence of infection continues to increase annually in nearly all parts of the world including southeast Asia. This paper looks at how the disease has affected people’s lives in Can Tho City and An Giang Province in Vietnam’s southern Mekong Delta. This paper offers an epidemiological and biological argument …

Working With The Tabu: Hiv/Aids Education Strategies In Fiji, Amanda Butts

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The focus of this paper is the cultural tabu, or taboo, in Fiji that prevents the open discussion of sex and therefore complicates education efforts towards HIV/AIDS awareness and prevention. Specific factors perpetuate the tabu including using it as an excuse to simply ignore a complex issue such as HIV/AIDS and using it to keep sex off social agendas in a predominantly Christian nation. Where organizations have taken strides to work with or break the tabu, the author examines and analyzes various education strategies employed by a variety of sectors including schools, health care facilities, faith-based organizations, the HIV positive …

Fibrinogen-Containing Y Chains; Is The Assay Measuring What Farrell's Group Expects?, Kevin R. Siebenlist

Biomedical Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Comparison Of Og1rf And An Isogenic Fsrb Deletion Mutant By Transcriptional Analysis: The Fsr System Of Enterococcus Faecalis Is More Than The Activator Of Gelatinase And Serine Protease, Agathe Bourgogne, Susan G Hilsenbeck, Gary M Dunny, Barbara E Murray

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The FsrABC system of Enterococcus faecalis controls the expression of gelatinase and a serine protease via a quorum-sensing mechanism, and recent studies suggest that the Fsr system may also regulate other genes important for virulence. To investigate the possibility that Fsr influences the expression of additional genes, we used transcriptional profiling, with microarrays based on the E. faecalis strain V583 sequence, to compare the E. faecalis strain OG1RF with its isogenic mutant, TX5266, an fsrB deletion mutant. We found that the presence of an intact fsrB influences expression of numerous genes throughout the growth phases tested, namely, late log to …

Bifurcation And Singularity Analysis Of A Molecular Network For The Induction Of Long-Term Memory, Hao Song, Paul Smolen, Evyatar Av-Ron, Douglas A. Baxter, John H H. Byrne

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Withdrawal reflexes of the mollusk Aplysia exhibit sensitization, a simple form of long-term memory (LTM). Sensitization is due, in part, to long-term facilitation (LTF) of sensorimotor neuron synapses. LTF is induced by the modulatory actions of serotonin (5-HT). Pettigrew et al. developed a computational model of the nonlinear intracellular signaling and gene network that underlies the induction of 5-HT-induced LTF. The model simulated empirical observations that repeated applications of 5-HT induce persistent activation of protein kinase A (PKA) and that this persistent activation requires a suprathreshold exposure of 5-HT. This study extends the analysis of the Pettigrew model by applying …

Incidence Of Acute Respiratory Infections In Children 2 Months To 5 Years Of Age In Periurban Communities In Karachi, Pakistan, Shaikh Qamaruddin Nizami, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Rumina Hasan

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Objective: To measure the incidence of acute respiratory infections and burden of respiratory pathogens in children aged two months to five years.
Methods: Four periurban communities in Karachi were selected for the study. The children, identified with fever and cough during community surveillance at regular intervals, were referred to especially established study clinics. These children were diagnosed to have "no pneumonia", "pneumonia" and "severe pneumonia" as per IMCI guidelines. To identify the causative organisms, children with pneumonia and severe pneumonia were investigated with oropharyngeal swabs and blood culture.
Results: Acute respiratory infection was seen in 5884 children during 1st February …

Voltage-Dependent Gating Rearrangements In The Intracellular T1-T1 Interface Of A K+ Channel., Guangyu Wang, Manuel Covarrubias

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

The intracellular tetramerization domain (T1) of most eukaryotic voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv channels) exists as a "hanging gondola" below the transmembrane regions that directly control activation gating via the electromechanical coupling between the S4 voltage sensor and the main S6 gate. However, much less is known about the putative contribution of the T1 domain to Kv channel gating. This possibility is mechanistically intriguing because the T1-S1 linker connects the T1 domain to the voltage-sensing domain. Previously, we demonstrated that thiol-specific reagents inhibit Kv4.1 channels by reacting in a state-dependent manner with native Zn(2+) site thiolate groups in the T1-T1 interface; …

Aspartyl-Trna Synthetase Is The Target Of Peptidenucleotide Antibiotic Microcin C, Anastasia Metlitskaya, Teymur Kazakov, Aigar Kommer, Olga Pavlova, Mette Praetorius-Ibba, Michael Ibba, Igor Krasheninnkov, Vyacheslav Kolb, Inessa Khmel, Konstantin Severinov

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Microcin C is a ribosome-synthesized heptapeptide that contains a modified adenosine monophosphate covalently attached to the C-terminal aspartate. Microcin C is a potent inhibitor of bacterial cell growth. Based on the in vivo kinetics of inhibition of macromolecular synthesis, Microcin C targets translation, through a mechanism that remained undefined. Here, we show that Microcin C is a subject of specific degradation inside the sensitive cell. The product of degradation, a modified aspartyl-adenylate containing an N-acylphosphoramidate linkage, strongly inhibits translation by blocking the function of aspartyl-tRNA synthetase.

Effects Of Sapk/Jnk Inhibitors On Preimplantation Mouse Embryo Development Are Influenced Greatly By The Amount Of Stress Induced By The Media, Yufen Xie, E. E. Puscheck, D. A. Rappolee

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research Publications

Stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun kinase (SAPK/JNK) is thought to be necessary for preimplantation embryonic development (Maekawa et al., 2005). However, media increases SAPK/JNK phosphorylation and these levels negatively correlate with embryonic development (Wang et al., 2005). Culture-induced stress could confuse analysis of the role of SAPK in development. In this study, we tested how SAPK/JNK inhibitors influence embryonic development in optimal and non-optimal media and define the contribution of cell survival and proliferation to the embryonic response to these media. SAPK/JNK inhibitors retard embryonic development in suboptimal Ham’s F10, but improve development in optimal potassium (K+) simplex optimized media (KSOM) +AA. …

Medicaid In 2006: A Trip Down The Yellow Brick Road?, Jennifer Ryan

National Health Policy Forum

This issue brief explores the continuing evolution of the Medicaid program on several fronts. It discusses the benefits and cost-sharing flexibility that is included in the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 (DRA) and examines the implications of these provisions for states, beneficiaries, and providers. The paper also explores recent trends in section 1115 waiver development and considers the use of waivers as a vehicle for restructuring Medicaid financing systems and for testing completely new approaches to health care delivery. The role of section 1115 waivers in the context of the DRA and as a mechanism for continued state innovation is …

Clients' Expectations Of Public Health Nurses' Home Visits, Eva G. Miller Dnsc, Ms, Rn, Phn

Dissertations

Although there is considerable research on the relationship between client expectations and outcomes of care in acute care settings, less is known about clients' expectations for public health nurses' home visits. The aim of this study was to understand clients' expectations of public health nurses' home visits as a first step in making explicit how expectations affect client responses to, and ultimately, outcomes of public health nurses' care. Interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 19 primary caretakers of high-risk infants admitted to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and voluntarily enrolled in a High-Risk Infant (HRI) Program in …

Cationic Amino Acid Transport Across The Blood-Brain Barrier Is Mediated Exclusively By System Y+, Robyn L. O'Kane, Juan R. Viña, Ian Simpson, Rosa Zaragozá, Ashwini Mokashi, Richard A. Hawkins

Publications and Research

Cationic amino acid (CAA) transport is brought about by two families of proteins that are found in various tissues: Cat (CAA transporter), referred to as system y+, and Bat [broad-scope amino acid (AA) transporter], which comprises systems b0,+, B0,+, and y+L. CAA traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB), but experiments done in vivo have only been able to examine the BBB from the luminal (blood-facing) side. In the present study, plasma membranes isolated from bovine brain microvessels were used to identify and characterize the CAA transporter(s) on both sides of the BBB. From these studies, it was concluded that system y+ …

Auditory Temporal Resolution In Normal-Hearing Preschool Children Revealed By Word Recognition In Continuous And Interrupted Noise, Andrew Stuart, Gregg D. Givens, Letitia J. Walker, Saravanan Elangovan

ETSU Faculty Works

The purpose of this study was to examine temporal resolution in normal-hearing preschool children. Word recognition was evaluated in quiet and in spectrally identical continuous and interrupted noise at signal-to-noise ratios (S/Ns) of 10, 0, and −10dB−10dB−10dB. Sixteen children 4to5years4to5years4to5yearsof age and eight adults participated. Performance decreased with decreasing S/N. At poorer S/Ns, participants demonstrated superior performance or a release from masking in the interrupted noise. Adults performed better than children, yet the release from masking was equivalent. Collectively these findings are consistent with the notion that preschool children suffer from poorer processing efficiency rather than temporal resolution per se.

Cpg-Induced Tyrosine Phosphorylation Occurs Via A Tlr9-Independent Mechanism And Is Required For Cytokine Secretion, Miguel A. Sanjuan, Navin Rao, Kuei-Tai A. Lai, Yin Gu, Siquan Sun, Anja Fuchs, Wai-Ping Fung-Leung, Marco Colonna, Lars Karlsson

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Cyclooxygenase-2 Mediates Microglial Activation And Secondary Dopaminergic Cell Death In The Mouse Mptp Model Of Parkinson's Disease, Rattanavijit Vijitruth, Mei Liu, Dong-Young Choi, Xuan V. Nguyen, Randy L. Hunter, Guoying Bing

Neuroscience Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammation plays an important role in the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Among many inflammatory factors found in the PD brain, cyclooxygenase (COX), specifically the inducible isoform, COX-2, is believed to be a critical enzyme in the inflammatory response. Induction of COX-2 is also found in an experimental model of PD produced by administration of 1-methy-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP).

METHOD: COX-2-deficient mice or C57BL/6 mice were treated with MPTP to investigate the effects of COX-2 deficiency or by using various doses of valdecoxib, a specific COX-2 inhibitor, which induces inhibition of COX-2 on dopaminergic neuronal toxicity and …