Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Measurements Of Phospholipases A2, C And D (Pla2, Plc And Pld) : In Vitro Microassays, Analysis Of Enzyme Isoforms, And Intact-Cell Assays, Ramadan I. Sha’Afi

UCHC Articles - Research

Phospholipases have been studied in great detail and their role in cell signaling has been established in the last 20 years. A role for phospholipases in mitogenesis has been described in terms of the products of their enzymatic reactions. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is produced by the action of a phosphatidic acid (PA)-specific phospholipase A2 (PLA2). LPA is a potent mitogen for quiescent fibroblasts and triggers GTP-dependent phosphoinositide breakdown (1) through a membrane receptor (2). A phosphatidylcholine-specific PLA2 is responsible for the release of arachidonic acid in response to cell stimulation. Arachidonic acid is the precursor of biologically-active eicosanoids such as …

Diagnosis And Management Of The Painful Ankle/Foot. Part 2: Examination, Interpretation, And Management, P. Sizer, V. Phelps, G. S. Dedrick, R. James, O. Mattijs

Physical Therapy

No abstract provided.

Synapse, Alabama Health Libraries Association

Synapse - Newsletter of ALHeLa

This is the Winter, 2003 edition of the ALHeLa newsletter - Synapse.

Contents include:

• Information Resources
• ALHeLA Executive Committee 2003
• ALHeLA Executive Committee Meeting

Mid-Atlantic Ethics Committee Newsletter, Winter 2003-2004

Mid-Atlantic Ethics Committee Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Physical Wellness: The Relationship Between Motor Skill, Fitness And Physical Activity In Young Children, Beth P. Hands, Helen Parker

Health Sciences Conference Papers

The health benefits of adequate physical activity levels for children are well reported. However, we cannot assume that children will choose to be sufficiently active of their own accord. Motor competence and fitness are increasingly highlighted as key co-determinants of physical activity in young children (Hands, Parker, & Larkin, 2001) and where possible strategies to enhance these factors should be included in early childhood settings. However few studies have adopted an integrated view of the collective effects of these three factors on developing healthy children. This presentation explores interrelationships between measures of motor skill competence, fitness, and weekly physical activity …

Information Interface - Volume 31, Issue 1 - January/February 2003, George Washington University, Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library

Information Interface (1976 - 2009)

News and information about Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library of interest to users. Includes articles on BioMed Central, Web of Science, understanding electronic holdings, and database search tips.

Com Outlook Winter 2003, College Of Osteopathic Medicine

COM Outlook

No abstract provided.

Functional Health Literacy In An Urban Primary Care Clinic, Nancy Trygar Artinian, M. Patricia Lange, Thomas Templin, Lynda G Stallwood, Christopher E. Hermann

Nursing Faculty Research Publications

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of functional health literacy in a sample of patients treated in 1of our 5 primary care clinics. A total of 92 randomly selected adults (mean age = 59 years) completed the TOFHLA while waiting for a scheduled appointment. Twenty eight percent of the sample had less than adequate levels of functional health literacy. Income, car ownership and education were significant and independent predictors of literacy level in this sample. Low levels of functional health literacy limit a patient's ability to read, understand and act on health information. It is essential …

Adefovir Dipivoxil For The Treatment Of Hepatitis B E Antigen–Positive Chronic Hepatitis B, Patrick Marcellin , M.D., Ting-Tsung Chang , M.D., Seng Gee Lim , M.D., Myron J. Tong , Ph.D., M.D., William Seivert , M.D., Mitchell L. Shiffman , M.D., Lennox Jeffers , M.D., Zachary Goodman , M.D., Ph.D., Michael S. Wulfsohn , M.D., Ph.D., Shelly Xiong , Ph.D., John Fry , B.Sc., Carol L. Brosgart , M.D.

Internal Medicine Publications

BACKGROUND

In preclinical and phase 2 studies, adefovir dipivoxil demonstrated potent activity against hepatitis B virus (HBV), including lamivudine-resistant strains.

METHODS

We randomly assigned 515 patients with chronic hepatitis B who were positive for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) to receive 10 mg of adefovir dipivoxil (172 patients), 30 mg of adefovir dipivoxil (173), or placebo (170) daily for 48 weeks. The primary end point was histologic improvement in the 10-mg group as compared with the placebo group.

RESULTS

After 48 weeks of treatment, significantly more patients who received 10 mg or 30 mg of adefovir dipivoxil per day than …

The Mammography Screening Controversy: Who And What Is Heard In The Press?, Sonya Charles, Margaret Holmes-Rovner

Philosophy and Religious Studies Department Faculty Publications

The objective of this project was to analyze newspaper coverage of the January 2000 meta-analysis by Gotzsche and Olsen, “Is screening for breast cancer with mammography justified?” [Lancet 355 (2000) 129]. A content analysis was performed on a comprehensive set of newspaper clippings from the UK during the 2 weeks following publication of the Lancet article. The original authors were most quoted in Wave 1 (the first weekend); the screening programme was most quoted in Wave 2 (week 2). Screening programme description, and the “quality” of the Lancet article dominated Wave 1; patient testimonials increased in Wave 2. Newspaper articles …

Montessori-Based Activities For Dementia: A Walk Down Memory Lane, Janina C. Bognar

Case Studies from Age in Action

Educational Objectives

1. Familiarize readers with the Montessori method as used with participants who have dementia.

2. Demonstrate the role of Montessori-based activities for dementia in an adult day care setting.

The Value Of Multidisciplinary Care In Parkinson's Disease, Miriam Hirsch, Mark Baron

Case Studies from Age in Action

Educational Objectives

1. To recognize the signs and symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD).

2. To identify key treatment and management strategies for PD.

3. To discuss the importance of multidisciplinary care and the need for individualized treatment of PD.

Abuse, Neglect, And Exploitation Of Vulnerable Elders, Sheila Crossen-Powell, Kira R. Holland, Marjorie L. Marker

Case Studies from Age in Action

Educational Objectives

1. To describe the variety and dynamics of self-neglect and abuse.

2. To illustrate cases of familial self-neglect and of financial exploitation.

3. To demonstrate the roles that Adult Protective Services (APS) plays in the investigation of adult abuse, neglect, and exploitation.

4. To describe the protections available to vulnerable adults in the Commonwealth.

Aging In Place -- Can Universal Design Make It A Reality?, Helen Eltzeroth

Case Studies from Age in Action

Educational Objectives

1. Comprehend the principles of universal design

2. Understand the barriers to aging in place

3. Learn what resources are available to facilitate aging in place

Severity Message From Hazard Alert Symbol On Caution Signs, Roger C. Jensen, Andrew M. Mccammack

Safety Health & Industrial Hygiene

Standards for the design of signal word panels specify different combinations of colors, signal words, and a hazard alert symbol. The warning sign standards of the American National Standards Institute specify a yellow signal word panel, with the word Caution and a hazard alert symbol, for signs marking people hazards. The same panel, without the symbol, is intended for property hazards. The purpose of this study was to determine if the presence or absence of the symbol effectively conveys the intended severity messages. A sample of 59 college students rated their impressions of a Caution sign with and without the …

University Of South Alabama College Of Medicine Annual Report For 2003-2004, College Of Medicine

COM Annual Reports

The Annual Report of the University of South Alabama College of Medicine documents the achievements of the faculty in the areas of teaching, research, and service. These efforts and accomplishments are instrumental in enhancing the health and overall quality of life of people in the Gulf Coast, State of Alabama, and throughout the nation.

Synergistic Interactions Of Chlorambucil, Dha, And Trail In Jurkat And H460 Human Cancer Cells, Jennifer Ellen Bush-O'Donnell

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Traditional chemotherapeutic drugs are prone to toxicity and may result in secondary cancers. In recent years much attention has been garnered by alternate methods of cancer treatment with fewer side effects, including immunotherapy and administration of ω-3 fatty acids, both of which have been shown to cause apoptosis in cancer cells. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a fatty acid, is a normal component of cell membranes and is safe for systemic administration. The cytokine TRAIL (tumor necrosis factorrelated apoptosis-inducing ligand) is able to induce apoptosis in cancer cells while sparing normal tissue. In this study, the alkylating agent chlorambucil (CLB) was combined …

Patients’ Perceptions Of Nurse Caring Behaviors In An Emergency Department, Lynn Kimble

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The purpose of this study was to (a) determine which caring behaviors of the nurse do patients’ perceive as being the most and the least important, (b) examine patients’ perceptions of nurse caring behaviors in relationship to their age and perception of illness; and (c) compare and contrast responses between patients and parents of children who are patients. Data for this questionnaire (N = 59) were collected over a two-month period at a not-for-profit, teaching hospital, which specializes in the care of women and children in an Appalachian state located in the southeastern United States. The Caring Behaviors Assessment instrument …

Correlation Between Time To Peak Torque And Peak Torque To Vertical Jump In College Age Athletes, Craig Adam Kowalski

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The vertical jump is an essential part of athletics to gain an advantage over the opponent. Isokinetic testing provides quantitative data to determine power and how fast power or peak torque is achieved. In this study, after 20 NCAA Div. II athletes were measured for three trials of maximal vertical jump, they completed an isokinetic test of knee extension at speeds of 60, 180, and 300°/sec. The results showed a significant correlation (p<0.05) between peak torque at a speed of 300°/sec and vertical jump p<=0.019. As a result of this study it was found that the vertical jump test is a test of muscle power generated by the quadriceps muscle group, and relates to peak torque values documented by isokinetic testing at 300°/sec of knee extension.

Parental Satisfaction In A Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Victoria S. Koontz

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify if the factors which indicate parental satisfaction of parents who have children admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) were being attained. The research questions were: 1) Was there a relationship between healthcare environment and parent satisfaction; 2) Was there a relationship between patient care and parent satisfaction; 3) Was there a relationship between communication and parent satisfaction? Parental satisfaction will be defined as meeting the parent’s perceived needs of the child and family during admission to the PICU (McPherson, 1999). This study used McPherson’s Parental Satisfaction Survey (PSS). The …

Current Trends In Athletic Training Education And Certification In Japan, Yuriko Ohashi

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Athletic trainer is a well-established profession in the U.S., but its definition is unclear in Japan because of no certification until recently. Japan Amateur Sports Association (JASA) has started in curriculum to prepare, educate and certify athletic trainers since 1994. This study researched the current trends in athletic training education and certification in Japan. It defines the historical and present athletic training situation, and clarifies education and certification with questionnaires. Questionnaires were sent to 43 sports medicine professors at JASA athletic trainer accredited and non-accredited program schools, and 26 (61%) responses were returned. The current problems include lack of clinical …

Detection Of Forces And Body Load In Standing And Walking In The American Cockroach, J. Adam Noah

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Sense organs in the legs that detect body weight are an important component in the regulation of posture and locomotion. This thesis seeks to gain an understanding of how body weight is detected by sense organs of the legs, and determine how this information influences muscle activities in standing and walking. The first study tested the ability of tibial campaniform sensilla (receptors that monitor forces in the cockroach leg) to encode variations in body load using magnets attached to the thorax. Recordings of sensory activities in freely standing animals showed that proximal tibial sensilla (oriented perpendicular to the leg long …

Phosphoproteomic Studies Of Smooth Muscle Contraction: Investigation Of Differential Phosphorylation In Relaxed/Contracted Rat Aortic Smooth Muscle Tissue Using Maldi-Tof Ms, Tonya M. Pekar

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Many human disorders are associated with the malfunction of smooth muscle tissue, or are related to the capabilities of its proper function—asthma, glaucoma, renal inefficiency, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Dysfunctional proteins are frequently implicated as the source of such disorders. As the second highest cause of death in the United States, the epidemic of cardiovascular disease makes the study of smooth muscle of utmost concern.

The capabilities of proteomics and mass spectrometry allow the entire proteome complement of a cell or tissue type to be analyzed at once. This investigation employs such techniques in an effort to better understand the …

Utilization Of Emergency Policies And Procedures By Division I-A And Division I-Aa Intercollegiate Athletic Programs, Brandy A. Petty

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The need for an established emergency policy and procedures plan in the college and university setting has been confirmed by various organizations such as: National Safety Council (NSC), Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), National Emergency Management Association (NEMA), National Athletic Trainers’ Association (NATA), National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM). The duty of these emergency policies and procedures is twofold. The first is to provide immediate care to student-athletes in an emergency situation. The second purpose is to avoid liability issues that may arise following an emergency situation. The premise behind the establishment and …

The Neural Connectivity Of The Torus Semicircularis In The Cave Dwelling Form Of Astyanax Fasciatus, Timothy B. Angel

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Afferent projections of the torus semicircularis were traced in the blind cave form of Astyanax fasciatus using HRP tract-tracing techniques, and the results were compared to those found in previous studies of closely related sighted teleosts.

Following unilateral injections of tracer to the nucleus centralis of the torus semicircularis, retrogradely labeled cells were found in two octaval nuclei of the medulla. The descending octavolateralis nucleus was labeled bilaterally and the anterior octaval nucleus was labeled primarily on the ipsilateral side. Both the descending and anterior octavolateralis nuclei are known to receive auditory input from CN VIII in sighted fish. In …

The Characterization Of Two Differentially Expressed Plasma Proteins In Obese Versus Lean Rats In Two Rodent Models Of Obesity, Roger D. Boggs

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Zucker fa and La/N faf rats are widely studied models of genetic obesity and its complications. These two rodent models of obesity were utilized to search for a circulating protein marker for obesity. Plasma samples from both of these models of obesity were collected and analyzed via SDS-PAGE analysis. Two proteins were found which demonstrate differential expression between lean and obese rats. Both proteins demonstrated increased expression in the obese rats compared to the lean. One differentially expressed protein migrated on SDS-PAGE gels at 116 KD while the second migrated at 22 KD compared to molecular weight markers. The 22 …

Expanding Self-Direction In Services For The Aged And People With Disabilities, Ruth A. Burgess

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Medicaid-funded long-term care services are traditionally delivered in nursing homes. States may apply for waivers which allow them to provide home and community based services with Medicaid funds. Because these services are by definition an alternative to nursing home care, waiver services are generally based upon a medical model which emphasizes medical deficits and tends to restrict consumers’ movements to inside the home. Recent developments such as the Olmstead Decision and federal New Freedom Initiatives have caused states to recognize that consumers desire and have a legal right to be part of a community rather than institutionalized or homebound. These …

A Rural Hospital's Organ Donation Referral Pattern : A Pilot Study, Chris F. Carter

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

It is unclear if hospitals correctly refer all potential organ donors to Organ Procurement Organizations. Unidentified or mis-referred patients may be present in rural acute care Appalachian hospitals. A one-year nonexperimental retrospective descriptive study was used to review medical records in one rural Appalachian hospital. Data from the chart review indicated that of the total (n = 34) patients, sixty-eight percent (n = 23) were properly referred as cardiac standstill and six percent (n = 2) were properly reported as brain dead. However, nine percent (n = 3) were not referred to the OPO (unidentified). Eighteen percent (n = 6) …

A Mechanistic Study In The Nephrotoxicity Of P-Aminophenol, R. Christopher Harmon

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The acetaminophen metabolite, p-aminophenol (PAP), is a known nephrotoxicant. The current study is directed at understanding the mechanism of this nephrotoxicity. Renal cortical slices isolated from F344 rats were incubated with 0 – 0.5 mM PAP with or without pretreatments. Renal slices exposed to PAP showed toxicity as measured by increased lactate dehydrogenase leakage (LDH), decreased pyruvate-stimulated gluconeogenesis, and decreased total adenine nucleotides. There was, however, an increase in ATP as percent of total, implying maintained mitochondrial function. These data show that PAP is directly toxic to renal cortical slices. Pretreatment with EDTA or EGTA provided protection from PAP- induced …

Physiology And Prevention Of Heel Ulcers: The State Of Science, Vivian K. Wong, N. A. Stotts

Faculty Publications

The prevalence of heel ulcers across settings is high and is increasing. Prevention of ulcers requires knowledge of their etiology and the scientific basis for preventive care. The interaction between external pressure and the heel vasculature is central to the prevention of heel ulcers. This article focuses on the prevention of heel pressure ulcers. The physiology of heel tissue perfusion, the effect of external pressure on heel perfusion, as well as what is known about strategies to reduce external pressure and approaches to improve heel skin blood flow will be discussed. It is only through understanding of the physiology of …