Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

La Pratique De La Rotation Des Postes Dans Une Usine D'Assemblage Automobile : Une Étude Exploratoire, Nicole Vézina, Marie St-Vincent, Bernard Dufour, Yves St-Jacques, Esther Cloutier

Rapports de recherche scientifique

La rotation des postes est une forme d’organisation du travail qui suscite beaucoup d’intérêt autant chez les gestionnaires que chez les travailleurs, toutefois les connaissances actuelles ne permettent pas de bien comprendre toutes les conséquences liées à ce mode d’organisation du travail. Parmi les avantages souvent cités mentionnons : la réduction de la monotonie et des troubles musculo-squelettiques, l’amélioration de la gestion de l’absentéisme et du roulement du personnel. Quant aux désavantages, on rapporte les difficultés d’apprentissage, le déséquilibre des contraintes d’un poste à l’autre et la personnalisation des postes.

Dans une importante usine d’assemblage automobile on se questionnait sur …

Évaluation Interlaboratoire De Gants Destinés À Réduire L'Exposition Aux Vibrations Main-Bras, Paul-Émile Boileau, Jérôme Boutin

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Cette étude présente les résultats d’évaluation de 4 types de gants dans 3 différents laboratoires en appliquant la méthodologie décrite dans la norme internationale ISO 10819 :1996. Les objectifs visés par cette étude consistaient à identifier les sources de variation liées à l’application de cette méthode d’essai et proposer des pistes de solution visant à simplifier la méthode, tout en acroissant la fiabilité et la reproductibilité des résultats. Les résultats des essais interlaboratoires ont établi qu’il pouvait y avoir des différences considérables sur les facteurs de transmission globale pondérée rapportés par les différents laboratoires, ces différences pouvant être plus importantes …

Évaluation De La Santé Mentale Au Travail : Une Analyse Des Pratiques De Gestion Des Ressources Humaines, Jean-Pierre Brun, Caroline Biron, Josée Martel, Hans Ivers

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Ce rapport présente les résultats d’une recherche s’intéressant aux problèmes de santé mentale au travail et à leur prévention. Elle visait essentiellement à :

1. évaluer empiriquement, à l’aide d’un questionnaire, l’ampleur de la problématique de la santé mentale au travail ainsi que les facteurs organisationnels perçus par les employés comme étant un risque pour leur santé mentale ;
2. évaluer, par l’intermédiaire d’entrevues semi-dirigées, les activités de prévention et de gestion des ressources humaines afin d’inventorier les moyens et les outils en place pour intervenir sur les stresseurs des employés.

La collecte des données a été réalisée au moyen de questionnaires, …

Les Simulations Centrées Sur L'Activité Au Cours De L'Accompagnement Ergonomique Des Projets Industriels : Deux Cas De Conception De Cabines De Véhicule Dans L'Industrie Métallurgique, Marie Bellemare, Sylvie Beaugrand, Micheline Marier, Christian Larue, Steve Vezeau

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Depuis les dernières décennies, les ergonomes sont appelés à non seulement réaliser des diagnostics, mais aussi à contribuer à l’implantation des recommandations qui en sont issues. Les ergonomes sont également de plus en plus nombreux à accompagner des projets d’entreprise : projets de construction de bâtiments, projets de réaménagement d’atelier, projets d’implantation de nouvelles technologies. Cette évolution de la pratique d’intervention se traduit par des développements théoriques et méthodologiques autour de la question suivante : comment intervenir dès la conception, afin de produire des situations de travail qui, tout en répondant à des critères de production, respectent la santé de …

Iso 9000 Et Après : Impact Sur La Performance En Sst Dans L'Entreprise Manufacturière, Jacqueline Dionne-Proulx, Jean-Bernard Carrière, Yves Beauchamp

Rapports de recherche scientifique

L’objectif de cette recherche est double. Premièrement, il s'agit d’analyser si et en quoi le processus d’implantation d’ISO a un impact sur la performance en SST d’une entreprise. Deuxièmement, l'étude tente d’établir un profil comparatif des similarités et des différences dans les objectifs, les motifs ainsi que les modalités stratégiques d’implantation d’ISO selon le niveau de performance en SST, de façon à mettre en évidence les meilleures pratiques actuelles en ce domaine.

Ce projet de recherche est à caractère empirique; à partir d’un échantillon contrôle (ISO/NON-ISO) de 317 entreprises, 230 entrevues téléphoniques ont été réalisées, complétées par des 28 entrevues …

Exploitation De La Base De Données Recueillies Dans Le Projet Sherbrooke Sur La Prise En Charge Des Dorso-Lombalgies Reliées Au Travail Avec Un Suivi De 6,4 Ans, Patrick Loisel, Marie-José Durand, Brigitte Vachon, Jacques Lemaire, Stéphane Poitras, Susan Stock

Rapports de recherche scientifique

La présente demande de subvention avait pour but de faire une analyse approfondie des données portant sur un suivi de 6,4 ans réalisé auprès de travailleurs lombalgiques ayant participé à un essai randomisé dans la région de Sherbrooke en 1991. Les travailleurs de cette étude avaient tous une dorso-lombalgie, causée par un accident de travail, ayant engendré une absence du travail de plus de quatre semaines. Au début de l'étude, les participants avaient été randomisés dans quatre groupes d'intervention différents: un groupe ne recevant aucune intervention de l’étude (groupe contrôle), un groupe recevant une intervention clinique de réadaptation (groupe clinique), …

Stratégie D'Intervention En Situation Conflictuelle : L'Apport D'Une Démarche D'Ergonomie De Conception, Mario Roy, Daniel Louis Bilodeau

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Cette étude de cas porte sur une démarche d'ergonomie de conception réalisée par l'Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail dans une usine d'abattage et de transformation du porc. L'intérêt de cette étude repose sur le fait que la démarche des ergonomes responsables de l'intervention se déroule dans un contexte organisationnel difficile caractérisé par les manifestations d'un conflit entre patron et syndicat. Son but est de présenter un cas documenté duquel les décideurs et les intervenants de la pratique ergonomique pourront tirer des apprentissages qu'ils pourront, en les adaptant, réinvestir dans des situations similaires.

L'étude de …

L'Intégration De La Prévention Sst Au Management Des Normes Iso 9000 Par La Macroergonomie : Une Recension Des Écrits Suivie D'Un Projet Pilote, Georges Toulouse

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Les répercussions des normes ISO 9000 sur la santé et sécurité du travail sont perçues de façon contradictoire par les chercheurs et les praticiens. Pour certains, les normes ISO 9000 introduisent des éléments de management qui peuvent avoir des effets bénéfiques sur la sécurité; pour d’autres, les normes ISO 9000 auraient des effets négatifs accroissant les prescriptions et la charge de travail. Le présent rapport vise à clarifier cette problématique, et plus particulièrement à cerner avec plus de précision les facteurs favorisant ou limitant l’intégration de la SST aux normes ISO 9000 : 1994 (version 1994). La première partie du …

Developing Risk Assessment Maps For Schistosoma Haematobium In Kenya Based On Climate Grids And Remotely Sensed Data, Kelsey Lee Mcnally

LSU Master's Theses

It is important to be able to predict the potential spread of water borne diseases when building dams or redirecting rivers. This study was designed to test whether the use of a growing degree day (GDD) climate model and remotely sensed data (RS) within a geographic information system (GIS), could be used to predict both the distribution and severity of Schistosoma haematobium. Growing degree days are defined as the number of degrees centigrade over the minimum temperature required for development. The base temperature and the number of GDD required to complete one generation varies for each species. A monthly climate …

Effects Of Concurrent Motor, Linguistic, Or Cognitive Tasks On Speech Motor Performance, Christopher Dromey, April Benson

Faculty Publications

This study examined the influence of 3 different types of concurrent tasks on speech motor performance. The goal was to uncover potential differences in speech movements relating to the nature of the secondary task. Twenty young adults repeated sentences either with or without simultaneous distractor activities. These distractions included a motor task (putting together washers, nuts, and bolts), a linguistic task (generating verbs from nouns), and a cognitive task(performing mental arithmetic). Lip movement data collected during the experimental conditions revealed decreases in displacement and velocity during the motor task. The linguistic and cognitive tasks were associated with increased spatiotemporal variability …

A Comparative Study Of Two Treatment Approaches For Improving Middle School Students' Reading Comprehension, Vessa Annette Cartmill

LSU Master's Theses

The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of having material read to and discussed with learning disabled students (i.e., a compensatory approach termed Accommodated Reading in this study) compared to teaching the literate language of text structures to students (i.e., a language intervention approach termed Communicative Reading Strategies). Participants were two 5th grade students and three 6th grade students, classified as learning disabled according to criteria of the State of Louisiana. Students took part in the study 3 times per week, 40 minutes per day for 5 ½ weeks during their regular speech-language therapy time. After each …

The Effect Of Aging On The Immune Response To Vaccination In The Horse, Daniel H. Fermaglich

LSU Master's Theses

Vaccination programs are designed to protect an animal from infection, however, depending upon the age and health of the animal vaccination may not stimulate a protective humoral response. It is possible that, as in the human and mouse models, geriatric equines may be less responsive than their younger counterparts to current vaccination protocols. The purpose of this study was to identify an age related diminution in the primary and secondary immune responses of geriatric horses in response to vaccination. Two groups of horses were sampled. The first group consisted of an open herd of 39 privately owned horses, varying in …

The Therapeutic Value Of The Equine-Human Relationship In Recovery From Trauma: A Qualitative Analysis, Janet Yorke

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The purpose of this research was to explore the nature of equine-human bonding and its therapeutic value in recovery from trauma. The study sample consisted of six participants who identified that their pre-existing relationships with horses were therapeutic in recovering from various types of trauma (i.e. car accidents, horse-related accidents, work accidents and health trauma). Using a phenomenological perspective and an emotionalist lens, though the use of semi-structured interviews and video-tapes of horse-rider interaction, the study sought to describe the nature of the equine human bond and how it is useful in trauma recovery. The research results show that equine-human …

Brainstem Encephalitis With Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease, Saad Shafqat, Saima Bano Memon, Shiraz Hyder, Sheema H Hasan, Raymond A Smego

Section of Neurology

A case of young woman is described who developed clinical and MRI features of brainstem encephalitis in the setting of fever and cervical lymphadenopathy. Lymph node biopsy revealed histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease), which may reflect host response to an unspecified immune insult.

Clinical Practice Guidelines For The Management Of Ischemic Stroke In Pakistan, Saad Shafqat

Section of Neurology

Ischemic stroke represents a huge global burden, being the leading cause of physical disability and the third leading cause of death worldwide¹. Although rigorous epidemiological data from Pakistan are lacking, stroke is certainly the commonest reason for admission to a neurology ward in our part of the world, as elsewhere. Recent years have seen a number of new developments in the clinical approach to stroke, including in the areas of diagnostic work-up, acute treatment and secondary prevention. These developments enable the formulation of clinical practice guidelines for achieving standardized management of ischemic stroke, with the overall aini of …

Cost Of Acute Stroke Care At A Tertiary Care Hospital In Karachi, Pakistan, B. A. Khealani, Z. F. Javed, N. A. Syed, Saad Shafqat, Mohammad Wasay

Section of Neurology

Objective:To evaluate cost of acute stroke care and its determinants at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi and to find out predictors of high cost care. Acute stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Cost of care is the single most important determinant in availability of acute stroke care at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.It is also an important factor in development of public health policies and medical insurance plans. Average nnual income in Pakistan is 4881 rupees (U$ 85).
Methods: Medical and billing records of 443 patients with acute stroke were retrospectively reviewed from …

Moyamoya Disease: An Elusive Diagnosis, K. B. Asumal, N. Akhtar, N. A. Syed, Saad Shafqat, S. M. Baig

Section of Neurology

Moyamoya disease is an idiopathic vasculopathy, affecting vessels of Circle of Willis.1 It usually manifests as stroke, but can also cause seizures and cognitive impairment.2 Ischemic strokes are common in children and hemorrhagic strokes in adults.1 We describe our experience with moyamoya disease in four patients who presented with ischemic strokes, at an academic tertiary care center and emphasize that this diagnosis should be considered in young patients, especially children, who present with stroke.

The Contribution Of Enactments To Structural Family Therapy: A Process Study, Stephanie Fellenberg

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

In an era where the effectiveness of many forms of psychotherapy has been thoroughly examined, the focus of many researchers has shifted from investigating outcome to exploring therapeutic processes. Process studies serve to identify the active ingredients of therapy—that is, those interventions that bring about in-session changes. This process study examines the relationship between the use of enactments, a structural family therapy intervention, and in-session change as observed over the course of the session. Change was measured by the amount of change that occurred in the core problem dynamic, that is, the most prominent pattern of dysfunctional family …

Federalism And The Future Of Health Care Reform, Richard Briffault, Sherry Glied

Faculty Scholarship

An important theme in the ongoing health care reform debate is federalism. During the battle over the Clinton Health Plan in 1993–94, the question of which level of government — federal or state — should take the leading role in health policy was almost as contentious as the particular proposals for extending access to quality health care and controlling health care costs. With the failure in 1994 to achieve comprehensive legislation at the national level, many policymakers and commentators gave fresh attention to the states as potential agents for health care reform.

An Imaging System Correlating Lip Shapes With Tongue Contact Patterns For Speech Pathology Research, Christopher Dromey, Daniel Bates, Xiaoqian Xu, Sameer Antani, D J. Lee

Faculty Publications

In this research, an imaging system was built to work with a newly developed electronic device to help people produce sounds correctly. The system consists of two parts, the internal tongue contact pattern data collection and the external lip shape information analysis. The tongue position information was gathered using the palatometer, an innovative tongue contact pattern-tracking device invented by Dr. Samuel Fletcher. The lip shape information was collected by processing images taken from people articulating different sounds. We developed an efficient color image segmentation technique to extract lip contour points and form a closed curve for shape analysis. The geometry …

The Politics Of Public Health: A Response To Epstein, Lawrence O. Gostin, Maxwell Gregg Bloche

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

Conservatives are taking aim at the field of public health, targeting its efforts to understand and control environmental and social causes of disease. Richard Epstein and others contend that these efforts in fact undermine people’s health and well-being by eroding people’s incentives to create economic value. Public health, they argue, should stick to its traditional task—the struggle against infectious diseases. Because markets are not up to the task of controlling the transmission of infectious disease, Epstein says, coercive government action is required. But market incentives, not state action, he asserts, represent our best hope for controlling the chronic illnesses that …

The Dose Response Effect Of Almonds On Serum Vitamin E, Plasma Lipid Fractions And Erythrocyte Phospholipids, Pera Jambazian

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to determine if two different amounts of almonds added to a heart healthy diet would increase vitamin E concentrations in healthy men and women, and reflect positive fatty acid profiles in serum lipids and erythrocytes. Twenty three subjects participated in a crossover metabolic study for a 14 week period. Subjects consumed one of three diets for 4 weeks each, a control diet, a low almond diet and a high almond diet after a 2 week run-in period. All meals were prepared in the test kitchen, and almonds were added to the experimental diets by …

Evidence For The Involvement Of A Tsetse Midgut Lectin-Trypsin Complex In Differentiation Of Bloodstream-Form Trypanosomes, L. U. Abubakar, G. Zimba, C. Wells, F. Mulaa, E. O. Osir

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

We have previously described a bloodmeal-induced molecule (lectin-trypsin complex) from the midgut of the tsetse fly, Glossina longipennis, with both lectin and trypsin activities (Osir et al., 1995). In this paper, we report on the isolation of a similar molecule from the midguts of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes and provide direct evidence for its involvement in the development of African trypanosomes. The molecule (native Mr ∼65,700) has two non-covalently linked subunits, Mr ∼28,800 and Mr ∼35,700. The native molecule was found to be capable of inducing differentiation of bloodstream-form trypanosomes into procyclic (midgut forms) in vitro. In the assays, specific antibodies …

High Seasonal Variation In Entomologic Inoculation Rates In Eritrea, A Semi-Arid Region Of Unstable Malaria In Africa, Josephat Shililu, Tewolde Ghebremeskel, Solomon Mengistu, Helen Fekadu, Mehari Zerom, Charles Mbogo, John Githure, Robert Novak, Eugene Brantly, John C. Beier

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Entomologic studies were conducted in eight villages to investigate the patterns of malaria transmission in different ecologic zones in Eritrea. Mosquito collections were conducted for 24 months between September 1999 and January 2002. The biting rates of Anopheles arabiensis were highly seasonal, with activity concentrated in the wet season between June and October in the highlands and western lowlands, and between December and March in the coastal region. The biting rates in the western lowlands were twice as high as in the western escarpment and 20 times higher than in the coastal region. Sporozoite rates were not significantly different among …

Febrile Seizures: Factors Affecting Risk Of Recurrence In Pakistani Children Presenting At The Aga Khan University Hospital, Z Habib, S Akram, S Ibrahim, B Hasan

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Objectives: To (a) describe the effect of temperature rise on seizure recurrence in the ER (b) investigate the effect of age, gender, family and developmental history, type, duration and multiple seizures, past history and number of seizures and treatment given (either late or early) on seizure recurrence in the ER and (c) explore prognostic indicators for seizure recurrence.
Methods: Data from 352 children [ages 3-84 months; 220 males (62.5%) 132 females (37.5%)] was taken using chart reviews for the years January 1998-August 2000 inclusive, from the Pediatric department of the Aga Khan University Hospital. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and Discriminant …

Development And Validation Of A Professional Behavior Assessment., Kristie Koenig, Caryn Johnson, Cathleen K Morano, Joseph P Ducette

Department of Occupational Therapy Faculty Papers

Allied health students must quickly socialize into a professional role as they transition from classroom to clinic. In addition to skill development, students must exhibit a host of professional behaviors that facilitate successful interaction with patients, families, and colleagues. There is a need for a valid, reliable assessment of professional behaviors that contribute to clinical competence. This study reports on the development and validation of a professional behavior assessment for occupational therapy students on a part-time clinical rotation (Level I). The Philadelphia Region Fieldwork Consortium (PRFC) Level I Student Evaluation was developed from an initial survey (n = 75) to …

Spectral Measures And Perceptual Ratings Of Hypokinetic Dysarthria, Christopher Dromey

Faculty Publications

Ten individuals with Parkinson disease (PD) and hypokinetic dysarthria were compared with age-matched neurologically normal (NN) speakers on acoustic measures from speaking and vowel phonation tasks as well as on perceptual ratings of connected speech. Listeners identified differences between the groups when asked to judge the severity of vocal and articulatory impairment during reading. Several conventional acoustic measures failed to differentiate speakers with PD from NN speakers. However, measures of the shape (statistical moments) of the long term average spectrum (LTAS) revealed statistically significant differences between the groups across vowel phonation, reading and monologue tasks. The ease of computation of …

A Vision System Performing Lip Shape Analysis For Speech Pathology Research, Christopher Dromey, D J. Lee, Daniel Bates, Xiaoqian Xu

Faculty Publications

We have built a machine vision system to perform lip shape analysis and recognition and to generate 3.D lip models for speech pathology research. The system employs two color cameras that are synchronized to capture image video pairs simultaneously. A novel color segmentation technique that converts the RGB color components to linear color space has been developed to extract lip shape contours. Lip shape of the viseme, the smallest visibly distinguishable unit of speech, is used to identify its corresponding image frame in the recorded image sequences. It is also used to reconstruct the 3-D lip shape model as a …

Embryo And Gamete Development Upon Exposure To Cca Components: Cro3, Cuo, And As2o5, Nerbana Talaat-Elsebaei Mahmoud

Theses and Dissertations in Biomedical Sciences

Production of functional gametes and healthy embryos is essential for proliferation of all vertebrates, especially humans. Many compounds have toxic effects on developing gametes and embryos among which are chromium trioxide (CrO₃), cupric oxide (CuO) and arsenic pentaoxide (As₂O₅) as a mixture (CCA) or individually. Controversy surrounding the safety of CCA-treated wood centers primarily on the toxicity of its components and the potential for these metals to be released from the wood.

The aim of this research is to test the hypothesis that CCA components have deleterious effects on embryo development, oocyte maturation and …

Use Of Intravenous Anti-D In Patients With Refractory And Relapsed Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura, R. Sajid, Salman Adil, Z. Fadoo, S. Sabir, Mohammad Khurshid

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Objective: To determine the response to IV anti-D and its comparison with splenectomy as second line therapy in refractory and relapsed cases of ITP, in the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi.
Methods: A total of 23 patients with chronic ITP were treated with either anti-D or splenectomy as second line treatment. The patients were assessed for time to achieve a response to second line treatment, duration ofresponse and adverse events.
Results: There were 12 patients in the anti-D group and 11 in the splenectomy group. The mean platelet count at presentation was 9,000/cumm. The mean age was 8.9 …