Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Mexico: Protecting Informed Consent, Elsa Santos, Silvia Elena Llaguno, Ricardo Vernon

Reproductive Health

The objective of this three-month project in Mexico was to disseminate information among key audiences about: 1) the right of women to choose contraceptive methods in a free and informed manner; and 2) the laws and institutions available to help redress any violations of this right. Four publications on these topics, developed by a previous project funded by Population Council/INOPAL III, were reproduced and distributed to 2,750 people in the following target audiences: women of reproductive age; reproductive health service providers; national and state commissions of human rights, complaints offices in public hospitals, feminist and human rights organizations; and legal …

Peru: Providers' Compliance With Quality Of Care Norms, Federico R. Leon

Reproductive Health

Peru's Ministry of Health (MOH) introduced changes in its family planning service delivery strategy and set quality-of-care goals purported to ensure informed choice of methods and respect for the users’ reproductive intentions and rights. This study was designed to assess the extent to which providers comply with the guidelines in their daily routine. The study found that among the strongest elements of care are interpersonal relationships and free choice of methods. However, shortcomings were observed in screening for contraindications and information given to the client. The report includes a number of recommendations, including offering providers IEC materials, training, and supervision …

Reproductive Health Indicators: Moving Forward, Kelly Blanchard, Batya Elul, Saumya Ramarao

Reproductive Health

This report is designed to help researchers, program managers, policymakers, and advocates sift through and evaluate which potential indicators might be useful in a particular programmatic context. It was initially prepared as a background manuscript for a Population Council meeting on reproductive health indicators held in Cairo in March 1998. The manuscript has since been modified to incorporate ideas and comments expressed at that meeting, as well as to include input from other Population Council colleagues.

The Tostan Story: Breakthrough In Senegal Ending Female Genital Cutting [Arabic], Population Council

Reproductive Health

In Senegal, elements of the Tostan education program were fundamental to the ending of the practice of female genital cutting (FGC) which has persisted for centuries, despite outside efforts to abolish such a dangerous and harmful operation. This paper is an attempt by those who lived through these events to share the experience with others. At a time when there has been little reduction in the numbers of women ending FGC in 28 African countries, when different programs and strategies have rarely succeeded in making an impact on the number of women still practicing FGC despite laws abolishing the tradition, …

Implementing A Reproductive Health Agenda In India: The Beginning, Saroj Pachauri

Reproductive Health

At the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) in 1994, the nations of the world agreed to give special attention to girls’ education, women’s health, infant survival, and women’s empowerment, and to provide comprehensive reproductive health (RH) services to enable couples to achieve their reproductive goals. The government of India launched a reproductive and child health program in October 1997. This book begins a review of the processes underway to operationalize the program. It brings together several important initiatives at various stages of development and examines key policy and program issues based on empirical research and field experience. The …

Results Of Faculty Evaluation At The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan, Rashida Ahmed, Mohammad Khurshid, Zoon Naqvi

Section of Haematology/Oncology

Objective: The aim of the retrospective correlational analysis was to identify the attributes valued most by students for assessing the overall effectiveness of a teacher.
Methods: Responses of the students to the two versions of evaluation questionnaires, each attempting to assess 4 and 8 characteristics respectively on a scale of 1-5 were included in the analysis. The third and fourth year students, at the end of each course/module completed a total of 2110 evaluation forms, which were studied.
Results: The over all effectiveness of the teacher showed statistically significant correlation of .914 and .895 with ability to communicate ideas effectively …

Smoking : An Exploration Of Message Framing And Death Anxiety, Ian James Parker

Theses : Honours

The focus of this thesis is the replication and extension of research by Tversky and Kahneman (1981) who found that how a message is worded or framed can significantly affect decisional choice. Tversky and Kahneman (1981) demonstrated that a message framed in terms of "lives saved" was favoured over one which read "lives lost" notwithstanding that the net sum of survivors was equal in both instances. The authors referred to the effects of message framing on decision making as Prospect Theory. This thesis studied Tversky and Kahneman's (1981) research applied to the issue of smoking. The preference for a positive …

The Evolving Practice Of Medicine: A View From The Front Line, Robert M. Corwin, Thomas H. Dennison, Patricia B. Franklin, Paul B. Ginsburg

Center for Policy Research

The health care system in the United States has been experiencing rapid change for decades. Beginning after World War II, the health care system grew and expanded. Change was driven by advances in technology, shifting demographics, and increases in the supply of physicians and hospitals, all fueled by supportive public policy and governmental funding. While change continues today, new dynamics drive the direction of change. These new dynamics generally share a common theme of cost containment. The purchasing power of buyers, both industry and government, has overshadowed the historical power of providers. Managed care financing mechanisms have changed provider behavior …

Outlook Magazine, Summer 1999

Outlook Magazine

No abstract provided.

J Am Coll Dent 1999 66 3

Journal of the American College of Dentists

The Journal of the American College of Dentists (JACD) publishes scholarly articles, editorials, essays, and reflections addressing the ethical, professional, and social dimensions of dentistry. The Journal serves as a forum for advancing ethics, professionalism, leadership, and excellence within the dental community. By fostering dialogue across disciplines and perspectives, JACD provides readers with insights that encourage ethical, professional practice, lifelong learning, and service to the public, reinforcing dentistry’s commitment to advancing oral healthcare and the common good.

J Am Coll Dent 1999 66 4

Journal of the American College of Dentists

The Journal of the American College of Dentists (JACD) publishes scholarly articles, editorials, essays, and reflections addressing the ethical, professional, and social dimensions of dentistry. The Journal serves as a forum for advancing ethics, professionalism, leadership, and excellence within the dental community. By fostering dialogue across disciplines and perspectives, JACD provides readers with insights that encourage ethical, professional practice, lifelong learning, and service to the public, reinforcing dentistry’s commitment to advancing oral healthcare and the common good.

College Of Osteopathic Medicine Second Year Student Course Syllabus Fall 1999-Winter 2000, Nova Southeastern University

Health Professions Divisions Course Catalogs and Course Descriptions

No abstract provided.

Survey Of Diseases In Wild Turkeys In Arkansas, Wayne E. Thogmartin, James E. Johnson, Bradley A. Schaeffer, Camille C. Ciriano

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Nineteen dead wild turkeys were necropsied and 573 live wild turkeys were physically examined for pathological agents in Arkansas between 1992 and 1997 to determine the proximate role disease may play in declining wild populations in Arkansas. Necropsy of the dead wild turkeys identified avian pox and histomoniasis as the most common diseases (16% and 11% of necropsies, respectively). Avian pox was recorded from three major physiographic regions in the state (Ozark Highlands, Ouachita Mountains, Gulf Coastal Plain). One hen died of non-accidental crop impaction, the fifth occurrence observed in the southeastern United States. Another hen died after developing severe, …

A Study Of Licensed Physical Therapists' Knowledge Regarding Current Legislative Issues, Jennifer Moine, Alexis Snyder, Susannah Steele

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of knowledge licensed physical therapists have regarding certain legislation at the state and federal levels. Potential relationships between degree of knowledge and therapist characteristics such as age, number of years in practice, and professional membership were also examined. A survey instrument was mailed to a random sample of licensed physical therapists in the state of Michigan.

Results indicated that licensed physical therapists who were members of a committee within the APTA, or held office in the organization had significantly more knowledge than physical therapists who did not (alpha=0.05). Being a …

Unplanned Hospitalization Of A Child: Perceptions Of Stress, Family Life Events, And Coping Resources, Jennifer Lee Moes

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to identify the parental perceptions of family stress, family life events, and coping strategies of a family whose child is hospitalized in the pediatric unit.

A descriptive correlational design with a non-probability convenience sample consisted of 30 parents or primary caretakers of a child who was hospitalized in pediatrics. Data was obtained with three instruments; 1) demographic questionnaire assessing current perceived stress of the family, 2) Family Inventory of Life Events (FILE); and 3) Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scales (F-COPES).

Data analysis included three correlations between (a) pile-up and perceived family stress, (b) …

Use Of Personal Protective Equipment And Operating Room Behaviors In Four Surgical Subspecialties: Personal Protective Equipment And Behaviors In Surgery, Deniz Akduman, Lynn E. Kim, Rodney L. Parks, Paul B. L'Ecuyer, Sunita Mutha, Donna B. Jeffe, Bradley A. Evanoff, Victoria J. Fraser

Occupational and Health Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Sistema De Evaluación Multidimensional De La Conducta. Escala Para Padres De Niños De 6 A 11 Años, Versión Colombiana [A System Of Multidimensional Behavior Assessment. A Scale For Parents Of Children From 6 To 11 Years Of Age. Colombian Version], David Pineda, R. W. Kamphaus, O. Mora, M. A. Restrepo, I. C. Puerta

School of Medicine Publications

Introduction: Behavioral Assessment System for Children (BASC) has demonstrated to be useful in the diagnosis of Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD).

Patients and methods: A randomized sample of 120 children, 6 to 11-year-old, participants from the school of the city of Medellín, Colombia, was selected. The sample was stratified by sex and two socioeconomic status (SES). Parents were asked to answer the BASC Parent Rating Scale (PRS) 6-11, authorized Spanish version.

Results: Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.85 for the clinical scale (9 items). It was 0.75 for the Adaptive Scale (3 items). A scale designed with 4 items to assess ADD …

Uso De Una Escala Multidimensional Para Padres De Niños De 6 A 11 Años En El Diagnóstico De Deficiencia Atencional Con Hiperactividad [Use Of Multidimensional Scale For Parents Of Children Aged 6 To 11 For The Diagnosis Of Attention Deficit With Hyperactivity], David Pineda, R. W. Kamphaus, O. Mora, I. C. Puerta, L. G. Palacio, I. Jiménez, Silvia Mejia-Arango, M. García, J. C. Arango

School of Medicine Publications

Introduction: The BASC is a multidimensional approach to evaluate the child behavior and it has been validated on the diagnosis of ADD/+H in North American children.

Objective: Validating BASC-PRS 6-11 on the diagnosis of ADD/+H.

Patients and methods: We selected 25 male DSM IV-ADD/+H (combined type), 6 to 11-years-old children, and 25 age, gender, and socioeconomic status matched controls. Mean ages of both groups 8.16 (1.5), schooling of controls 2.64 (1.4), and cases 2.6 (1.9).

Results: On the Clinical Scale ADD/+H children had significant (Anova p < 0.01) higher scores in hyperactivity, conduct problems, and attention problems. On the Adaptive Scale only significant differences on social skills and leadership were found, with lower score in the ADD/+H group. A crosstab analysis between group code and each rating variable transformed into categorical (0 and 1) variable, cut-off point = 85 percentile, found that the case children's parents qualified as clinically in higher risk the variables attention problems (OR = 24.4; 95% CI = 4.5-130), conduct problems (OR = 9.0; 95% CI = 1.7-46.9) and hyperactivity (OR = 6.8; 95% CI = 1.6-28.5) (p < 0.01). A discriminant analysis selected attention problems as discriminant function (p < 0.0001). Classification capability 84% for each group.

Conclusion: Our results proved the validity of the BASC-PRS 6-11 questionnaire for the screening …

Field Sampling And Necropsy Examination Of Fish, A. S. Kane, A. Baya, R. Reimschuessel, K. M. St. Pé, C. A. Poukish, C. P. Driscoll

Virginia Journal of Science

This paper presents an overview of observational and fish sampling tech­niques for investigating fish lesions, morbidity and mortality. These sam­pling techniques and investigations are much like detective work and require attention to detail, common sense, technical proficiency and experience. To solve the mystery of a fish kill, the investigator must use available evidence and clues to piece together a series of events that often have long since passed. The cause of these field events may be chemical, biological or physical; more often, it is some combination of these. An initial categorization approach may be used to reduce the great number …

Virginia's Pfiesteria Monitoring Program: Water Quality, Roger K. Everton, Wick T. Harlan, Jonathan W. Priest, Mark S. Alling

Virginia Journal of Science

During the summer and early fall of 1998, 34 estuarine stations in Virginia were sampled for Pfiesteria like organisms (PLOs) and associated water quality conditions. Stations were sampled either bimonthly (20 stations) or monthly (14 stations) from June to October 1998. At each station, a set of live and Lugol' s preserved samples were collected for presumptive counts of PLOs and water quality conditions were determined. Water quality parame­ters measured included standard field parameters, nutrients (total, dissolved, and particulate), chlorophyll a, and conventional water quality indicators. Although PLOs were relatively low in 1998 as compared to 1997, presump­tive PLO counts …

A Cohort Study To Determine The Epidemiology Of Estuary-Associated Syndrome, Elizabeth Turf, Lily Ingsrisawang, Megan Turf, J.D. Ball, Michael Stutts, John Taylor, Suzanne Jenkins

Virginia Journal of Science

From the Introduction:

Estuary-Associated Syndrome (EAS) is the name given to a potential illness characterized primarily by changes in an individual's cognitive abilities, including acute onset of memory loss or the sudden inability to solve simple problems. Other possible signs of illness include respiratory symptoms, skin rash, or gastrointestinal distress. This illness appears to arise following exposure to toxin produced by Pfiesteria piscicida, or other toxic dinoflagellates, that resides in estuary waters.

….

In order to learn more about this possible syndrome and to determine if a causal relationship exists between association to waters containing Pfiesteria or other toxic …

Effect Of Prepregnancy Body Mass Index And Gestational Weight Gain On Birth Weight, S S. Merchant, I A. Momin, A A. Sewani, N F. Zuberi

Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

Objective: Nutritional status of women has been considered an important prognostic indicator of birth outcome. The study aims to show the effect of various prepregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI) categories and corresponding gestational weight gain on newborn birth weight.
Methods: Two hundred women were included in the study. These women had regular antenatal visits and later delivered at The Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) between the period January 1, 1996 to December 31, 1997.
Results: For women with prepregnancy BMI < 19., mean birth weight of newborns was lower for those gaining < 12.5 kg than those gaining > 12.5 kg (P < 0.001). Women who started their pregnancy with BMI 19.8-26 and gained weight above expected range gave birth to high birth weight babies (P = 0.009). Gestational weight gain did not have a significant association with birth weight for women having prepregnancy BMI > 26.
Conclusion: Efforts should be made to attain adequate prepregnancy weight to reduce the likelihood of low …

A Comparison Among Older And Younger Caregivers Of Physically Disabled Adults And Their Ability To Handle Stress, Traynette Jenkins-Reese

Theses

This study was designed to determine if there was a significant relationship in the level of caregiver burden and age. Participants consisted of thirty-three individuals who considered themselves to be the primary caregiver for a physically disabled or elderly family member. These thirty-three volunteer caregivers were drawn from those who had a disabled or frail family member receiving services from a local agency. The subjects were asked to complete Zarit's Caregiver Interview Questionnaire. The findings in the study did not produce significant levels to justify rejecting the null hypothesis or to show that there is a relationship between the caregiver's …

Significance Of Cardiac Troponin T Release In Detecting Minor Myocardial Injury After Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty, Güli̇nnaz Alper, Taner Onat, Ömür Erkizan, Fi̇li̇z Özerkan, Azem Akilli

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Cardiac Troponin T (TnT) is a regulatory contractile protein not normally found in blood. Its detection in the circulation has been shown to be a sensitive and specific marker for myocardial cell damage. This study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of TnT enzyme immunoassay in detecting myocardial damage in patients with stable angina pectoris undergoing visually successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and to compare this newly developed test with the conventionally used cardiac enzyme tests. The study population consisted of 24 patients (3 females and 21 males) with a mean age of 55±9 years. Serial blood samples …

The Effect Of Lead Inhalation On Rat Lungmorphology, Bi̇lge Onarlioğlu, Turhan Onarlioğlu, Sena Erdal

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Lead may exert toxic effects on several organ systems, but those in the lung are the most insidious. Therefore the aim of the present study was to investigate the morphological alterations caused by lead intoxication in rat lungs. Twenty-five Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: the control group consisted of five animals while the experimental groups contained ten animals each. The control group animals were not subjected to lead treatment, whereas the first experimental group animals were exposed to 500 \mug /0.1 m 3 /day of lead for one week, and the second group had the same dosage …

Oxidative Damage In Erythrocytes During Cold Storage With Organ Preservation Solution, Aki̇f B. Memmedoğlu, Ahmet Özaydin, İsmai̇l Seçki̇n, Gönül Sultuybek

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

It is known that erythrocyte aggregation in renal tissue during preserva-tion is cause of microcirculation defects in the reperfusion period. The aim of our study is to investigate oxidative damage in erythrocytes relative to the time of cold ischemia during organ preservation and relationship between lipid peroxidation and development of these damages. In experiments with a rabbit model, explanted kidneys were exposed to perfusion and 96 hours preservation with Euro-Collins (EC) in the 1st group, and University of Wisconsin (UW) solution in the 2nd group. Electron-microscopic examinations in renal tissueswere performed. Lipid peroxidation and glutathione levels in erythrocytes preserved in …

Action Of Aspirin On Acetylcholine-Stimulatedtear Secretion In Rats, Zerri̇n Kapicioğlu, Gamze Çan, I. Nuri̇ Kalyoncu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

In this study we investigated the effect of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on tear secretion in rats. The animals were anesthetized intraperitoneally (ip) with urethane (1,2g/kg). The treatment was injected subcutaneously (s.c.). Tear samples were collected by folding a 5 mm section of a Schirmer strip over the lower lid margin to absorb tear fluid from the lower conjunctival sac for 5 min. Forty animals were divided into four groups (n=10). Group 1 (control) received 1ml of saline, group 2 received 60mg/kg of ASA, group 3 received 50mg/kg of Acetylcholine (Ach), and group 4 received 60mg/kg of ASA and 30 min …

Comparison Of Inhibitory And Bactericidalactivities Of Cefoperazone + Sulbactam Againstpseudomonas Aeruginosa Strains, From 1992 To1994, Pinar Zarakolu, Ni̇lay Çöplü, Ahmet Aslantürk, Belkis Levent, Engi̇n Güvener

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

In this study; inhibitory and bactericidal activities of cefoperazone + sulbactam against Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were determined in two studies first in 1992 and second in 1994. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were determined by following the microdilution method recommended by NCCLS (Approved Standard M7-A2 1990) protocol. P.aeruginosa strains were isolated from different clinical materials. The results of the studies were then compared to point out if the difference between MIC and MBC values were significant and if there was resistance development following two years of use. In the first study in 1992: MIC90 and …

Evaluation Of Ocular Surface Changes Usingimpression Cytology In Acne Vulgaris Patients, Banu N. Alp, Levent Karabaş, Ni̇lgün Bi̇len, Haluk Talu, Ahmet Kaur, Ateş Yanyali

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Purpose: Acne vulgaris is a disease with no known ocular involvement and is most commonly seen in the younger population. The aim of this study was to examine the ocular surfaces of acne vulgaris patients with no ocular signs and symptoms by impression cytology. Methods: The study groups included 74 eyes of 37 acne vulgaris patients and 28 eyes of 14 healthy control subjects from the same age group. Schirmer I test, the tear break-up time test and the conjunctival impression cytology were performed in each patient. Results: We observed no difference between the tear break-up time and the Schirmer's …

A Comparison Of The Effectiveness Of Sublinguallosartan, Sublingual Captopril And Sublingualnifedipine In Hypertensive Urgency, Yüksel Gökel, Sali̇m Satar, Sai̇me Paydaş

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

The use of sublingual captopril and nifedipine has been indicated in hypertensive emergencies and in patients with essential hypertension, with the assumption that by this route, there would be a faster absorption and thus a more rapid effect on blood pressure (BP) than by the oral route. A comparative study of the effects of Losartan, angiotensin II receptor antagonist, captopril and nifedipine on blood pressure was carried out in patients with hypertensive urgency. Sixty patients with hypertensive urgency were subdivided into 3 groups of 20 patients each. The first group received sublingual captopril (25 mg), the second group received sublingual …