Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Oppositional Defiant Disorder And Conduct Disorder : Different Names For The Same Condition?, Daryl L. Hawkins

Graduate Research Papers

The purpose of this paper is to present a review of the literature related to the proposition that oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder are, in essence, the same disorder, with varying degrees of severity. The author of this paper believes that it would make more sense diagnostically to combine these two diagnoses into one category.

This paper will cover a variety of areas related to oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. First, a section on the formulation of the diagnostic criteria is presented. Brief definitions and descriptions of the two disorders follow the diagnostic criteria section. In addition to …

Land Use Patterns In Relation To Lake Water Quality In The Great Pond Watershed, Problems In Environmental Science Course (Biology 493), Colby College, Colby Environmental Assessment Team, Colby College

Colby College Watershed Study: Great Pond (2012, 2010, 1998)

Lakes are natural resources, which have many effects on the land surrounding them, They support adjacent communities by providing water and regulating temperatures, helping to define the surrounding ecosystem, and serving as sources of drinking water as well as recreation. The prolonged presence of human activity in a watershed can disturb the physical and chemical cycles of the lake and its surrounding ecosystems (Henderson-Sellers and Markland 1987). Over time, lakes undergo a process called eutrophication, a natural aging process during which the nutrient levels increase and dissolved oxygen levels decrease (Smith and Smith 1998). As the lake ages or becomes …

Effects Of Metformin On Spontaneous And Clomiphene-Induced Ovulation In The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, John E. Nestler , M.D., Daniela J. Jakubowicz , M.D., William S. Evans , M.D., Renato Pasquali , M.D.

Obstetrics and Gynecology Publications

ABSTRACT

Background Obese women with the polycystic ovary syndrome are relatively unresponsive to the induction of ovulation by clomiphene. We hypothesized that reducing insulin secretion by administering metformin would increase the ovulatory response to clomiphene.

Methods We performed oral glucose-tolerance tests before and after the administration of 500 mg of metformin or placebo three times daily for 35 days in 61 obese women with the polycystic ovary syndrome. Women who did not ovulate spontaneously were then given 50 mg of clomiphene daily for five days while continuing to take metformin or placebo. Serum progesterone was measured on days 14, 28, …

Atovaquone Compared With Dapsone For The Prevention Of Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia In Patients With Hiv Infection Who Cannot Tolerate Trimethoprim, Sulfonamides, Or Both, Wafaa M. El-Sadr , M.D., M.P.H., Robert L. Murphy , M.D., Teresa Mccabe Yurik , M.S., Roberta Luskin-Hawk , M.D., Tony W. Cheung , M.D., Henry H. Balfour , Jr., M.D., Robert Eng , M.D., Thomas M. Hooton , M.D., Thomas M. Kerkering , M.D., Malte Schutz , M.D., Charles Van Der Horst , M.D., Richard Hafner , M.D.

Internal Medicine Publications

BACKGROUND

Although trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole is the drug of choice for the prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, many patients cannot tolerate it and must switch to an alternative agent.

METHODS

We conducted a multicenter, open-label, randomized trial comparing daily atovaquone (1500-mg suspension) with daily dapsone (100 mg) for the prevention of P. carinii pneumonia among patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus who could not tolerate trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole. The median follow-up period was 27 months.

RESULTS

Of 1057 patients enrolled, 298 had a history of P. carinii pneumonia.P. cariniipneumonia developed in 122 of 536 patients assigned to atovaquone (15.7 cases per …

Interferon Alfa-2b Alone Or In Combination With Ribavirin As Initial Treatment For Chronic Hepatitis C, John G. Mchutchison , M.D., Stuart C. Gordon , M.D., Eugene R. Schiff , M.D., Mitchell L. Shiffman , M.D., William M. Lee , M.D., Vinod K. Rustgi , M.D., Zachary D. Goodman , M.D., Ph.D., Mei-Hsui Ling , Ph.D., Susannah Cort , M.D., Janice K. Albrecht , Ph.D.

Internal Medicine Publications

BACKGROUND

Only 15 to 20 percent of patients with chronic hepatitis C have a sustained virologic response to interferon therapy. We compared the efficacy and safety of recombinant interferon alfa-2b alone with those of a combination of interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin for the initial treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C.

METHODS

We randomly assigned 912 patients with chronic hepatitis C to receive standard-dose interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination with ribavirin (1000 or 1200 mg orally per day, depending on body weight) for 24 or 48 weeks. Efficacy was assessed by measurements of serum hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA …

Quality Of Life And Clinical Outcomes In Elderly Patients Treated With Ventricular Pacing As Compared With Dual-Chamber Pacing, Gervasio A. Lamas , M.D., E. John Orav , Ph.D., Bruce S. Stambler , M.D., Kenneth A. Ellenbogen , M.D., Elena B. Sgarbossa , M.D., Shoei K. Stephen Huang , M.D., Roger A. Marinchak , M.D., N.A. Mark Estes , M.D., Gary F. Mitchell , M.D., Eric H. Lieberman , M.D., Carol M. Mangione , M.D., Lee Goldman , M.D., John J. Griffin, James D. Maloney, Carlos Rizo-Patrón, Ferdinand J. Venditti, Bruce L. Wilkoff

Internal Medicine Publications

ABSTRACT

Background Standard clinical practice permits the use of either single-chamber ventricular pacemakers or dual-chamber pacemakers for most patients who require cardiac pacing. Ventricular pacemakers are less expensive, but dual-chamber pacemakers are believed to be more physiologic. However, it is not known whether either type of pacemaker results in superior clinical outcomes.

Methods The Pacemaker Selection in the Elderly study was a 30-month, single-blind, randomized, controlled comparison of ventricular pacing and dualchamber pacing in 407 patients 65 years of age or older in 29 centers. Patients received a dual-chamber pacemaker that had been randomly programmed to either ventricular pacing or …

Interferon Alfa-2b Alone Or In Combination With Ribavirin For The Treatment Of Relapse Of Chronic Hepatitis C, Gary L. Davis , M.D., Rafael Esteban-Mur , M.D., Vinod Rustgi , M.D., John Hoefs , M.D., Stuart C. Gordon , M.D., Christian Trepo , M.D., Mitchell L. Shiffman , M.D., Stefan Zeuzem , M.D., Antonio Craxi , M.D., Mei-Hsui Ling , Ph.D., Janice Albrecht , Ph.D.

Internal Medicine Publications

BACKGROUND

Interferon alfa is the only effective treatment for patients with chronic hepatitis C. Forty percent of patients have an initial response to this therapy, but most subsequently relapse. We compared the effect of interferon alone with that of interferon plus oral ribavirin for relapses of chronic hepatitis C.

METHODS

We studied 345 patients with chronic hepatitis C who relapsed after interferon treatment. A total of 173 patients were randomly assigned to receive standard-dose recombinant interferon alfa-2b concurrently with ribavirin (1000 to 1200 mg orally per day, depending on body weight) for six months, and 172 patients were assigned to …

A Comparison Of Four Treatments For Generalized Convulsive Status Epilepticus, David M. Treiman , M.D., Patti D. Meyers , M.P.A., Nancy Y. Walton , Ph.D., Joseph F. Collins , Sc.D., Cindy Colling , R.Ph., M.S., A. James Rowan , M.D., Adrian Handforth , M.D., Edward Faught , M.D., Vincent P. Calabrese , M.D., Basim M. Uthman , M.D., R. Eugene Ramsay , M.D., Meenal B. Mamdani , M.D., Pratap Yagnik , M.D., John C. Jones , M.D., Elizabeth Barry , M.D., Jane G. Boggs , M.D., Andres M. Kanner , M.D.

VCU Health Publications

ABSTRACT

Background and Methods Although generalized convulsive status epilepticus is a life-threatening emergency, the best initial drug treatment is uncertain. We conducted a five-year randomized, doubleblind, multicenter trial of four intravenous regimens: diazepam (0.15 mg per kilogram of body weight) followed by phenytoin (18 mg per kilogram), lorazepam (0.1 mg per kilogram), phenobarbital (15 mg per kilogram), and phenytoin (18 mg per kilogram). Patients were classified as having either overt generalized status epilepticus (defined as easily visible generalized convulsions) or subtle status epilepticus (indicated by coma and ictal discharges on the electroencephalogram, with or without subtle convulsive movements such as …

Preventing The Unnecessary Losses Of Alzheimer's Disease, Lin E. Noyes

Case Studies from Age in Action

Educational Objectives

1. To state the importance of early detection and diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.

2. To describe common concerns of people in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease.

3. To describe interventions to help people who have recently been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease or other dementias.

Reducing Medication Mismanagement In Adult Care Residences, Mary Ann F. Kirkpatrick

Case Studies from Age in Action

Educational Objectives

1. Describe the prevalence of medication mismanagement in adult care facilities in Virginia.

2. Explain the significance of selected medication management errors.

3. Recommend practices to improve medication management task performance in adult care facilities.

State Regulation Of Assisted Living Facilities, Sonya A. Sterbenz

Case Studies from Age in Action

Educational Objectives

1. To define the role of assisted living facilities in the continuum of long-term care options for older adults.

2. To present the various arguments concerning the regulation of the assisted living industry.

Medications And Falls, Patricia W. Slattum

Case Studies from Age in Action

Educational Objectives:

1. To describe potential causes of falls and ways to prevent them.

2. To illustrate how medications can contribute to an increased risk of falls and recommend strategies for reducing this risk.

The Beat Newsletter, College Of Medicine

The Beat Newsletter

This is the January, 1998 edition of the Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine's newsletter - The Beat.

Contents include:

• Battling brittle bones
• Medical sciences building addition near completion
• New Ph.D. graduates in basic medical sciences
• DR. AUBREY E. TAYLOR received heart association award
• Learning resources renamed media production services
• FDA proposes rule on women in clinical trails
• CME office received accreditation
• The NIH'S new criteria for assessing grant proposals
• DR. REGINA BENJAMIN receives national honor
• Congratulations
• New web service for faculty
• National primary care day
• LEDOUX receives career development award
• DR. STEVEN PITTLER appointed to NIH study Section
• HHS …

Union Wages, Rents, And Skills In Health Care Labor Markets, Barry T. Hirsch, Edward J. Schumacher

Health Care Administration Faculty Research

We examine the effect of unions on the earnings of health care workers, with emphasis on the measurement and sources of union wage premiums. Using data constructed from the 1973 though 1994 Current Population Surveys, standard union premium estimates are found to be substantially lower among workers in health care than in other sectors of the economy, and to be smaller among higher skill than among lower skill occupational groups. Longitudinal analysis of workers switching union status, which controls for worker-specific skills, indicates a small impact of unions on earnings within both high and low skilled health care occupations. Evidence …

Integrating Christian Caring In Nursing Curriculum: One School’S Experience, Charlotte Stephenson, Charlotte Ann Thayer Wood, Mary Ann Henriques, Tina L. Magers, Kaye Wilson-Anderson

Faculty Publications - College of Nursing

The link between caring and nursing has been evident since the days of Florence Nightingale. She referred to nursing as an act of charity or "God's work." Nursing within the Judea-Christian tradition was viewed as a mission, ministry or call from God to serve others. Those entering nursing fulfilled a commitment to God through service and care for others. Over time the focus in nursing shifted from the Christian perspective of being "called to be a nurse" to technical and physio­logical reasons for helping people. Virginia Henderson defined nursing as "that service to an individual that helps him to attain …

An Environmental History Of Fairfield/Wagner Point, Philip Diamond

Legal History Publications

This paper traces the history of the Fairfield/Wagner Point peninsula from the beginning of the European settlement to the present, observing the ambitions and dreams of developers and industrial entrepeneurs, the significant contribution the area made to our nation's wartime production in World War II, the rise and fall of the tight-knit workers' communities, the struggles of outside activists and community leaders to better the living conditions of these neighborhoods, and the environmental devastation of the area followed by the attempt to redevelop the area with “green" industry. A 'central strand in this complex and contradictory story will be the …

College Of Dental Medicine-For The 1998 Entering Class, Nova Southeastern University

Health Professions Divisions Course Catalogs and Course Descriptions

No abstract provided.

Neurotransmitter Transport: Models In Flux, Michael Kavanaugh

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Physiologists say that ions and neutral solutes can cross biological membranes via “transporters” and “channels.” We tend to think about the difference between transporters and channels in terms of gating mechanisms. Ion channels exhibit a wide range of selectivity properties and permeation rates, but their gating at the most basic level can be thought of in terms of a single barrier or gate acting as a switch. When the gate is closed, ions can’t permeate; when the gate is opened, a permeation pathway for ions allows flux, often at very high rates (up to 10⁸/sec). Transporters and ion …

Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters Of The Salamander Retina: Identification, Localization, And Function, Scott Eliasof, Jeffrey L. Arriza, Barbara H. Leighton, Michael Kavanaugh, Susan G. Amara

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

The rapid re-uptake of extracellular glutamate mediated by a family of high-affinity glutamate transporter proteins is essential to continued glutamatergic signaling and neuronal viability, but the contributions of individual transporter subtypes toward cellular physiology are poorly understood. Because the physiology of glutamate transport in the salamander retina has been well described, we have examined the expression and function of glutamate transporter subtypes in this preparation. cDNAs encoding five distinct salamander excitatory amino acid transporter (sEAAT) subtypes were isolated, and their molecular properties and distributions of expression were compared. We report evidence that at least four distinct sEAAT subtypes are expressed …

Molecular Determinant Of Ion Selectivity Of A (Na+ + K+)-Coupled Rat Brain Glutamate Transporter, Yumin Zhang, Annie Bendahan, Ruth Zarbiv, Michael Kavanaugh, Baruch I. Kanner

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Glutamate transporters remove this neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft by a two-stage electrogenic process, in which glutamate is first cotransported with three sodium ions and a proton. Subsequently, the cycle is completed by translocation of a potassium ion in the opposite direction. Recently, we have identified an amino acid residue of the glutamate transporter GLT-1 (Glu-404) that influences potassium coupling. We have now analyzed the effect of seven other amino acid residues in the highly conserved region surrounding this site. One of these residues, Tyr-403, also proved important for potassium coupling, because mutation to Phe (Y403F) resulted in an electroneutral …

Cysteine Scanning Of The Surroundings Of An Alkali-Ion Binding Site Of The Glutamate Transporter Glt-1 Reveals A Conformationally Sensitive Residue, Ruth Zarbiv, Myriam Grunewald, Michael Kavanaugh, Baruch I. Kanner

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Glutamate transporters remove this transmitter from the extracellular space by cotransport with three sodium ions and a proton. The cycle is completed by translocation of a potassium ion in the opposite direction. Recently we have identified two adjacent amino acid residues of the glutamate transporter GLT-1 that influence potassium coupling. Using the scanning cysteine accessibility method we have now explored the highly conserved region surrounding them. Replacement of each of the five consecutive residues 396–400 by cysteine abolished transport activity but at several other positions the substitution is tolerated. One residue, tyrosine 403, was identified where cysteine substitution renders the …

Gp120 Envelope Glycoproteins Of Human Immunodeficiency Viruses Competitively Antagonize Signaling By Coreceptors Cxcr4 And Ccr5, Navid Madani, Susan L. Kozak, Michael Kavanaugh, David Kabat

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Signal transductions by the dual-function CXCR4 and CCR5 chemokine receptors/HIV type 1 (HIV-1) coreceptors were electrophysiologically monitored in Xenopus laevis oocytes that also coexpressed the viral receptor CD4 and a G protein-coupled inward-rectifying K⁺ channel (Kir 3.1). Large Kir 3.1-dependent currents generated in response to the corresponding chemokines (SDF-1α for CXCR4 and MIP-1α; MIP-1β and RANTES for CCR5) were blocked by pertussis toxin, suggesting involvement of inhibitory guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. Prolonged exposures to chemokines caused substantial but incomplete desensitization of responses with time constants of 5–7 min and recovery time constants of 12–19 min. CXCR4 and CCR5 exhibited heterologous …

Arachidonic Acid Activates A Proton Current In The Rat Glutamate Transporter Eaat4, Anastassios V. Tzingounis, Chien-Liang Lin, Jeffrey D. Rothstein, Michael Kavanaugh

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

The excitatory amino acid transporter EAAT4 is expressed predominantly in Purkinje neurons in the rat cerebellum (1-3), and it participates in postsynaptic reuptake of glutamate released at the climbing fiber synapse (4). Transporter-mediated currents in Purkinje neurons are increased more than 3-fold by arachidonic acid, a second messenger that is liberated following depolarization-induced Ca²⁺ activation of phospholipase A₂ (5). In this study we demonstrate that application of arachidonic acid to oocytes expressing rat EAAT4 increased glutamate-induced currents to a similar extent. However, arachidonic acid did not cause an increase in the rate …

Macroscopic And Microscopic Properties Of A Cloned Glutamate Transporter/Chloride Channel, Jacques I. Wadiche, Michael Kavanaugh

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

The behavior of a Cl⁻ channel associated with a glutamate transporter was studied using intracellular and patch recording techniques in Xenopus oocytes injected with human EAAT1 cRNA. Channels could be activated by application of glutamate to either face of excised membrane patches. The channel exhibited strong selectivity for amphipathic anions and had a minimum pore diameter of ∼5Å. Glutamate flux exhibited a much greater temperature dependence than Cl⁻ flux. Stationary and nonstationary noise analysis was consistent with a sub-femtosiemen Cl⁻ conductance and a maximum channelP_o ≪ 1. The glutamate binding rate was similar to estimates …

Occupational Therapy Program 1998, Nova Southeastern University

Health Professions Divisions Course Catalogs and Course Descriptions

No abstract provided.

Postoperative Infection Rates With Instrumented Lumbar Fusion: A Retrospective Review Of 129 Consecutive Cases, Nicole G. Kurzynske, Scott D. Hodges, Stephen C. Humphreys, Jason C. Eck, Laurie C. Covington

Capstone Research Projects

Introduction: The use of internal fixation devices in spinal surgery is common to achieve reduction, maintain alignment, and stabilize the spine while fusion occurs. Infection rates of less than 2% (0-2%) were reported in the late 1960's without the use of instrumentation. Reported rates of infection following instrumented fusion are generally around 6% (range 0-11% ). The purpose of this study was to retrospectively review the incidence of postoperative infection following instrumented spinal fusion to determine if infection rates related to patient type and surgical procedure.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of 129 consecutive cases of instrumented lumbar spinal …

Infant Blood Pressure: The Validity Of Calf Measurements, Delia Wessels

Capstone Research Projects

Blood pressure monitoring is critical in the assessment and treatment of hospitalized infants. Two methods are commonly used to obtain measurements: Invasive arterial line measurement and noninvasive cuff measurements. The purpose of this study was to validate previous research supporting the use of noninvasive calf cuff measurements and to compare the values of calf and upper arm blood pressure measurements in hospitalized infants. A descriptive correlational design was used to investigate the convenience sample of 26 infants in a neonatal intensive care unit. Data obtained through chart review was analyzed using the Pearson r with a significance level of0.05. Results …

College Of Osteopathic Medicine Student Handbook, Nova Southeastern University

Health Professions Divisions Course Catalogs and Course Descriptions

No abstract provided.

College Of Optometry-For The 1998 Entering Class, Nova Southeastern University

Health Professions Divisions Course Catalogs and Course Descriptions

No abstract provided.

Physical Therapy Program 1998, Nova Southeastern University

Health Professions Divisions Course Catalogs and Course Descriptions

No abstract provided.