Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

An Anatomical And Functional Analysis Of Digital Arteries, Katie Highsmith

Student Scholar Showcase

Blood flow to the tissue of the hands and digits is efficiently regulated by vasoconstriction and vasodilation. Through a series of cadaveric dissection, we examined arteries in the hands and digits, including ulnar artery, radial artery, palmar arteries, and digital arteries, for their distribution (branching) patterns and morphological parameters (e.g., thickness, length between branches, external and internal diameters). Using data directly collected from three female cadavers as input variables to our mathematical model, we simulated vasoconstriction (-20% and -10% diameter) and vasodilation (+10% and +20 diameter) to evaluate the extent of changes in blood volume and flow within the arteries. …

Exploration Of Prostate Cancer Cells: The Significance Of Active Herv, Dakota Shepherd

Student Scholar Showcase

The second most common cancer in men is prostate cancer. Prostate cancer is traditionally diagnosed by a digital rectal exam. Blood tests can also be used to test for PSA (prostate-specific antigen). These two methods can be used together but can sometimes provide both false negative and false positive results. A new method of testing for prostate cancer could prove to be beneficial. Previous studies have shown that active HERV sequences have been identified in some cancers, including prostate cancer. We hypothesize that the presence of active HERV in prostate cancer lines is significant. In this study, rabbit polyclonal antibodies …

Mobilization Of Calcium Across Mineralized Tissues In Yellow Perch, Perca Flavescens, Taylor Bopp

Student Scholar Showcase

Bones in many higher teleost fish, such as percids and centrarchids, lack osteocytes that function as both chemo- and mechano-sensors, and thus, are not actively involved in homeostasis of blood calcium level. Nonetheless, the vertebrae of yellow perch, Perca flavescens (P. flavescens), living in darker and low calcium (Ca) water, have demonstrated adaptive modeling and remodeling of vertebrae to be more mineralized and thus enhance transmission of the axial muscle torque into the thrust force for the C-start predator escape behavior. The prey-predator interaction is expected to occur at closer range between prey fish and predator fish in …

The Effect Of Previous Medical History On Student-Athlete Quality Of Life, Rachael Watkins

Student Scholar Showcase

Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQL) assessments can provide Athletic Trainers with information about student-athletes’ overall well-being and health. The objective of this study was to examine the association between personal and family reports of medical history and HRQL in collegiate student-athletes. We recruited 271 student-athletes (age=19.00±1.15 years, height=175.18±4.29 cm, mass=72.29±12.03 kg). The independent variables included the presence of any family (parents, siblings, grandparents) or any personal history of balance disorders, psychological disorders, memory disorders or history of headaches. The dependent variables included the 9 subsets of HRQL (anxiety, depression, fatigue, pain interference, pain intensity, physical function, sleep disturbance, social roles) …

The Perception Of Head Impacts Sustained By Collegiate Baseball Catchers: A Pilot Study, Caleb Johnston

Student Scholar Showcase

Repetitive subconcussive head impacts have been studied in a variety of contact sports and have been found to impair performance in football, soccer, hockey, and lacrosse athletes. To our knowledge no one has investigated the frequency of head impacts in the sport of collegiate baseball. To date, athlete perceived number of head impacts and actual head impacts recorded during participation have not been compared. A sample of 3 baseball catchers from one National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division III baseball team were studied.Our results indicated perceived game impacts did not differ from actual game impacts (t₂=1.76, P=.23; …

Functional Movement Patterns And Perceived Mobility In Collegiate Lacrosse Athletes, Christopher J. Rosenborough

Student Scholar Showcase

Context: The stress on the body from sport participation may play a role in an athlete’s ability to function throughout a season. The primary objective of this study was to examine the effects of a non-traditional lacrosse fall season on functional movement patterns for both males and females. Our second objective was to observe how collegiate lacrosse athletes perceived mobility.

Methods: Fifty males (age=19.38+1.24 years, height=182.63+6.16 cm, mass=82.37+8.46 kg) and 22 females (age=19.68+1.17 years, height=165.10+6.88 cm, mass=64.09+8.72 kg) who participated on National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III lacrosse teams volunteered to participate. Independent variable was time (pre, post). …

Comparing The Incidence Of Head Impacts Sustained In Conference Versus Non-Conference Women’S Soccer Games, Courtney Acors

Student Scholar Showcase

Context: Investigating head impacts in women’s soccer has become of increased interest due to women’s soccer having one of the highest concussion injury rates among organized sports.

Objective: To determine frequency and magnitude differences in head impacts sustained by collegiate women’s soccer players during conference and non-conference game. Design: Descriptive epidemiology study.

Setting: Soccer fields. Participants: 24 intercollegiate women’s soccer players (age=19.65±1.27 years, height=165.80±4.87 cm, mass = 64.45±7.38 kg). Interventions: Game type served as the independent variable (non-conference and conference). We measured frequency and magnitude (peak linear accelerations in g-forces and peak rotational accelerations in deg/sec2) of head impacts with …

The Effects Of Soft Tissue Flossing On Hamstring Flexibility And Lower Extremity Power, Zack Maust

Student Scholar Showcase

Flossing includes wrapping a latex band around a joint or muscle group providing compression and partially occluding blood flow followed by performing exercises. Flossing is hypothesized to improve flexibility by dissipating myofascial adhesions. The purpose of this study was to determine if applying a floss band to the thigh would increase hamstring flexibility as well as lower extremity power. Our study included 21 active individuals(8 male, 13 female, 22.62±2.99 years, 171.52±9.08 cm, 73.57±11.37 kg).The participant first warmed up on a stationary bike, followed by hamstring flexibility measurement of supine hip flexion. After the flexibility test, we used a single-leg vertical …

"Get Tough!": A Case Study On The Development Of The Sport Ethic In Youth Lacrosse, Ross Budziszewski

Student Research Symposium

While participation in youth sport is often linked with positive psychosocial and physical outcomes (Holt et al., 2017), this context can also cultivate ideals that lead to the development of unethical beliefs and unsafe sport practices (Al-Yaarbi & Kavussanu, 2017). The sport ethic is described as the deviant overconformity by an athlete to fit societal expectations of a sport's high-performance culture (Hughes & Coakley, 1991). Strong beliefs in the sport ethic can lead to moral disengagement, antisocial behavior, and treating sport like warfare (Shields, Funk, & Bredemeier, 2015). Although the sport ethic has been widely studied in competitive adult sport, …

Dietary Supplement Safety: A 25 Year Retrospective Assessment, Bill Gurley

Oxford ICSB

Passage of the Dietary Supplement Health & Education Act (DSHEA) in 1994 ushered in a new category of consumer products known as dietary supplements (DS). DSHEA’s definition of a dietary supplement encompasses a wide variety of products from multivitamins and single-ingredient botanical extracts, to “proprietary blends” of multiple botanical extracts and/or vitamins and minerals. Almost from their inception, safety concerns regarding certain categories of “proprietary blends” have plagued the DS industry. Most notable of these involved Ephedra-containing DS, whose questionable safety record led to their removal from the U.S. market in 2004 by the FDA after a 10-year period of …

Evaluation Of Forklift Warning Device Systems, Tyler Howell Gsp

Scholars Week

This presentation includes an analysis of perceived effectiveness and nuisance of different types of forklift warning device systems.

Advance Directives In Primary Care, Andrew T. Vincent

Scholars Week

Advanced Directives are one of the most important documents in the health care system. An advanced directive is a “living will” that describes medical ambitions for the patient’s end-of-life care. The idea of end of life can be stressful for patients, families and health care professionals, and advance directives guide these participants into making end-of-life decisions organized. A dilemma occurring in health care includes patients arriving to emergency departments and critical care areas without an advance directives. A policy was introduced to initiate AD conversation prophylactic to extreme injury or impending death.

The Efficacy Of Mechanical Compression Devices In Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Emma A. French

Scholars Week

This project examines the ability of mechanical compression devices, such as the popular LUCAS device, to produce the desired outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) when compared to manual chest compression performed by a CPR certified individual. For the purpose of this project, desired outcomes include correct compression rate and depth according to American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines, return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in the patient, long term survival of patients who achieve ROSC, and prevention of serious physical damage related to chest compressions. Data from multiple research studies comparing outcomes of mechanical compression devices and manual chest compression was reviewed …

12th Annual Research Week--Event Proceedings, Office Of Research And Sponsored Projects Operations

Excellence Summit (Research Week) Archived Proceedings

12th Annual Research Week

"A Celebration of Student Research"

Increasing Mental Health Literacy In The African American Community: Collaborations Between Mental Health Professionals And The Black Church, Brianna Simmons

Virginias Collegiate Honors Council Conference

African Americans tend to underutilize mental health services due to historical and present institutionalized racism, misdiagnoses, and misunderstandings, and to the lack of representation in the mental health field (Dempsey, Butler, and Gaither, 2016). African Americans thus turn to the Black Church for help. Clergy members of the Black Church use biblical counseling, which consists of seeking God’s wisdom (Dempsey et al., 2016). This differs from traditional psychological counseling where formalized diagnostic criteria are followed, and medication is often prescribed. Despite these differences between the Black Church and professional mental health agencies, there are a number of commonalities, such as …

Hour-Level Resolution On Consumption Pattern Of Substance Abuse, Jarrett Mauk, Rhiannon Huffines, Brittney Nelson, Tara Croft, Bikram Subedi

Scholars Week

Conventional survey-based approaches of determining the consumption statistics of drugs in communities are suffered from non-response biases, and typically underestimate the actual consumption. Time and cost-intensive conventional approaches, therefore, can’t be utilized to determine high-resolution temporal variability in drug consumption. In this study, the temporal trend of consumption of 10 illicit and 26 prescribed neuropsychiatric drugs was determined at hour-level resolution utilizing wastewater-based epidemiology. The hourly composite raw wastewater (every 10 minutes) samples were collected for three consecutive days in a typical week (total of 72 samples), analyzed for target drug residues using UPLC-MS/MS, and back-calculated the consumption rate of …

The Validity Of Medicare Claims-Based Codes To Identify Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection In Patients With Bronchiectasis, Jennifer Ku

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference

Background: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is a disease of increasing incidence, causing permanent airway damage leading to destructive pulmonary disease. Medicare claims-based codes have been used to identify NTM infection and to evaluate trends in diagnosis and disease outcomes. However, claims-based codes to identify NTM infection have not been validated.

Methods: We linked patients with a bronchiectasis diagnosis (ICD-9-CM 494.0 or 494.1) excluding cystic fibrosis from the national 2006-2014 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (Medicare) data to the U.S. Bronchiectasis Research Registry (BRR). The BRR is a national prospective cohort of patients with bronchiectasis, that collects detailed clinical, laboratory, microbiology and …

Dohad And The Latina Paradox, Chelsea Peterson, Kellie Pertl, Lulu Gonzalez, Molly Sax

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference

The Latina Paradox is the observation that Latina mothers in the United States have better than expected birth outcomes despite lower socioeconomic status and higher prevalence of risk factors. The Latina Paradox is particularly prominent among women born in Mexico that immigrate to the U.S. prior to having children. Mexican-born women who give birth in the U. S. experience fewer incidences of low birth weight than White women born in the U. S. Various factors are responsible for the Latina Paradox, including social and cultural support in maternity, traditional diet, and immigration of healthier than average women to the U.S. …

Heart Transplant: Donation After Circulatory Death, Saifullah Hasan, Castigliano Bhamidipati

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference

Donation after circulatory death (DCD) is a potential avenue to narrow the gap between demand for donor hearts and their limited supply. DCD was abandoned after 1970 where donation of organs after brain death became the standard, however DCD has made a recent resurgence for organ donation, predominantly for lung transplants which has shown much success. Heart transplant donors primarily source from brain dead donors. Benefits of DCD for heart transplants include an expanded donor pool to address the drastic shortage of supply and reduced onerous financial burden. Drawbacks of heart DCD include substantial ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) and inflammation …

Ex Vivo Heart Perfusion, Saifullah Hasan, Castigliano Bhamidipati

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference

Heart transplantation offers the best prognostic results for patients with end stage heart failure. However, there is a much greater demand for donor hearts than there is adequate supply. Cold static storage (CSS) is the current standard protocol for donor heart procurement. CSS has excellent prognosis but subjects the organ to ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI) and induces tissue inflammation due to anoxic conditions and oxidative stress. Hearts from older donors or patients that have a history of previous heart disease can’t withstand the anoxic stressors and make for poor donor candidates with the CSS protocol since they are associated with …

Comparison Of Administratively Collected (Icd-10) Vs. Prospectively Collected Adverse Event Data, Joseph G. O'Sullivan

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference

Background: Accurate adverse event reporting is vital for analyzing outcomes and implementing the proper systemic efforts to improve them. Complication reporting and tracking has implications in medical practice, billing, and ultimately patient safety.

Objectives: To determine accuracy of complications reported in administrative data compared to prospectively obtained data.

Methods: A total of 1,213 patients undergoing spine surgery were followed over a two-year period (January 2011 to December 2012) sampled at a single institution. All patients undergoing spine surgery were eligible for inclusion in the study. Prospective data collection of adverse events was accomplished using OrthoSAVES, a standardized …

Quantifying The Invisible: A Literature Review And History Of Research On The Health Effects Of Wildfire Smoke, Lily A. Cook Ma

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference

The objective of this scoping review is to provide an overview of issues affecting the results of studies on the health effects of non-occupational wildfire exposure. Although it is well established that wildfire smoke is harmful to people with chronic respiratory conditions, research on other health impacts have often found inconsistent results or small effect sizes. These results are often misinterpreted to mean that wildfire smoke has a negligible effect on non-respiratory outcomes such as cardiovascular health or mortality. However, what these results actually reflect is the complexity of determining public exposure to wildfire smoke, as well as variations in …

A Data Collection Program For Reducing Ipv In Lgbtq+ Communities, Alexandra Michel, Nicholas Cheke, Lourdes Gonzalez, Rachel Greim

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference

Sexual and gender minority populations are not currently being accurately tracked or counted in most domestic violence (DV) and intimate partner violence (IPV) surveillance programs in Oregon. However, research indicates that LGBTQ+ populations experience IPV at rates comparable or even higher than heterosexual populations. Additionally, distrust of law enforcement and services designed around heterosexual experiences of IPV further reduce the ability of LGBTQ+ populations, particularly transgender women, to access IPV services. We propose that through the use of a PRECEED-PROCEED model, a program could be developed to more accurately collect sexual orientation and gender identity data by IPV service providers …

A New Method For Assessing Smoking Behavior In Orthopaedic Patients, David Gallacher

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference

“A New Method for Assessing Smoking Behavior in Orthopaedic Patients”

Background:Tobacco use is associated with post-operative complications and self-reporting often introduces a bias that underestimates the true exposure. Traditional tobacco testing methods, including serum cotinine are associated with issues of specificity, as they do not differentiate active smokers from those on nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs). This study intends to evaluate the effectiveness of point-of-care carbon monoxide (CO) breathalyzer test to assess patient smoking status and to differentiate active smokers from those using NRTs.

Methods:Eligible patients will be >18 years old and indicated for joint or fracture surgery at …

Take Control: A Proposed Mental Health Treatment Program To Be Implemented In Youth Correctional Facilities Around Oregon Based On The Evidence-Based Target Program, Zoey S. Rochefort

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference

70% of youth in state and local juvenile justice systems exhibit symptoms of one or more mental health disorders and are not receiving adequate treatment. Currently, in Oregon, there is no mental health-screening requirement for youth admitted into detention centers or correctional facilities. Though this doesn’t mean kids never get diagnosed, it does mean there is a large delay in time before treatment begins where they could be receiving care. The Take Control program is working to mitigate wasted time and improve mental health treatment for youth inmates through a seven-step treatment program that provides youth with steps and strategies …

Validity Of An Atopic Dermatitis Outcome Measure For Real-World Clinical Practice, Christina Topham, Dylan Haynes, Molly Brazil, Eric Simpson

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease in the United States. AD is associated with reduced quality of life and substantial financial costs, making it burdensome at an individual and population level. Disease severity outcome measures are validated tools to assess severity and therapeutic response. Recent consensus statements have identified gold-standard outcome measures for AD in clinical trials, but further work is needed evaluating outcome measures feasible for clinical practice.

Objective: To investigate the validity and feasibility of the product of investigator global assessment and body surface area (IGA x BSA) as an outcome measure …

Improving Access To Rare Disease Clinical Trials Through Telemedicine, Dylan Haynes, Christina Topham, Teri Greiling

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference

Introduction: Rare diseases affect nearly 400 million individuals worldwide. The geographic density of any single disease, however, can prohibit access to care and research efforts. Telemedicine has improved access barriers in the clinical setting, though its application in rare disease trials has not been evaluated.

Objective: To assess the impact on access to care of videoconferencing in a rare disease clinical trial.

Materials and Methods: Preliminary analysis was performed on the first five participants to complete our ongoing trial (NCT03485976) evaluating the efficacy of ixekizumab for the treatment of pityriasis rubra pilaris. Participants were required to travel to Oregon Health …

A Visual Exploration Of Walking In Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (Mtbi), Bryana Popa

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference

Visual exploration of the environment is vital for safe and effective walking, and is influenced by cognitive load. Eye movement deficits can occur following mTBI and may impact visual exploration when walking, leading to issues with mobility. This study aims to examine visual exploration when walking under single and dual-task in mTBI and controls.

Sixteen people with mTBI (Age: 30.1±12.8 yrs, days since injury: 39.5±21.7) and 10 healthy controls (Age: 26.3±5.2 yrs) walked for 1 minute while wearing a mobile eye tracker under single and dual-task conditions. The primary outcome was visual exploration measured by saccade frequency (sacc/sec). Secondary outcomes …

Study Of Physical Literacy And Physical Fitness In School Children, Natalie T. Pexton

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference

Background: Currently there is no standard physical education (P.E.) assessment for tracking students’ progress across the state. As a result, there is little data on the physical literacy and physical fitness of school children which are essential to lifelong physical activity.

Physical Literacy is the confidence, knowledge, and ability to execute fundamental movement skills like hopping, throwing, and kicking.

Cardiorespiratory fitness is a measure of the stamina and capacity to perform aerobic exercise.

Objective: To test the “PlayFun” physical literacy and “Pacer” cardiorespiratory fitness tests with Portland Public School students.

Methods:

Setting: Two Portland Public School district elementary …

Preventing Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis In Salmonid Fish Along The Columbia River Basin, Whitney L. Wright

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference

Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a member of the Rhabdoviridae family and causes infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) disease in many salmonid species during the juvenile or “fry” stage of life. IHNV is endemic to Western North America and occurs in the Columbia River Basin, where Steelhead and Chinook salmon are the most abundant IHNV-vulnerable species. IHNV can cause an epidemic in wild or farmed stocks, killing 90-95 percent of the fish it infects. Transmission is currently understood to occur by direct exposure through the gills, and the virus is shed typically from asymptomatic or clinically ill carrier adults at …