Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Njohuritë Dhe Qëndrimet E Infermierëve Për Vaksinimin Në Qkmf- Lipjan, Venera Salihu

Theses and Dissertations

Hyrje: Vaksinimi përfaqëson një nga mjetet më efektive për parandalimin e infeksioneve për popullatën dhe për shëndetin publik në përgjithësi. Tani ekzistojnë vaksinat të cilat parandalojnë më shumë se 20 sëmundje të rrezikshme për jetën, duke ndihmuar njerëzit e të gjitha moshave të jetojnë më gjatë, dhe shëndetshëm. Imunizimi aktualisht parandalon 2-3 milion vdekje çdo vit nga sëmundjet sikur difteria, tetanusi, kolla e mirë, gripi dhe fruthi.

Metodologjia: Ky studim është realizuar në Qendrën Kryesore të Mjekësis Familjare, në Komunën e Lipjanit. Në studim kanë marrë pjesë 30 infermierë të cilët kanë pranuar që të përgjigjen në pyetësorin për Njohurit …

Shtatëzënia E Komplikuar Me Pih Syndromë, Komplikimet Amtare Dhe Fetale, Vjollca Bytyqi

Theses and Dissertations

Hyrje: Hipertensioni i shkaktuar nga shtatëzënia (pregnancy induced hypertension- PIH) ndërlikon 6-10% të shtatëzënive. Përkufizohet si presion sistolik i gjakut > 140 mmHg dhe presion diastolik i gjakut > 90 mmHg. Klasifikohet si i butë (PSGJ 140-149 dhe PDGJ 90-99 mmHg), i moderuar (PSGJ 150-159 dhe PSGJ 100-109 mmHg) dhe i rëndë (PSGJ ≥ 160 dhe PDGJ≥ 110 mmHg). PIH syndroma është një nga shkaqet kryesore te sëmundshmërisë dhe vdekshmërisë amtare dhe fetale. Gratë me PIH syndromë janë të rrezikuara nga rreziku i madh për; abruption të placentës, (shkolitje e parakoheshme e placentes, shkolitja e placentes nga java e 21+), ngjarjeve …

Kujdesi Infermieror Te Pacientët Diabetikë Ambulantor Insulino-Vartës, Valza Gashi

Theses and Dissertations

Numri i të diagnostifikuarve me diabet është çdo ditë në rritje e sipër. Kjo sëmundje prek të gjitha moshat nga të gjitha vendet, përfshirë edhe vendet më të zhvilluara. Sëmundja e diabetit duke filluar nga diagnostifikimi, trajtimi e deri te menaxhimi i sëmundjes kërkon një kujdes të shtuar si nga stafi shëndetësor ashtu edhe nga pacienti. Kujdesi infermieror përbën një rol kyç në menaxhimin e sëmundjes së diabetit dhe edukimin e pacientit lidhur me të. Qëllimi i këtij punimi është të bëhet hulumtimi i nivelit të kujdesit infermieror të dhënë te pacientët diabetikë ambulantor insulino-vartës, ndërsa subjekti i këtij punimi …

Kujdesi Infermierorë Tek Pacientët Obez, Qamile Mustafa

Theses and Dissertations

Obeziteti është një gjendje mjekësore në të cilën dhjami i tepërt i trupit është grumbulluar në një masë që mund të ketë një efekt negativ në shëndet. Kjo temë ka të bëjë me qështjet të cilat ndikojnë në kujdesin infermierorë tek Pacientët obez. Si dhe matja e BMI tek pacientët duke bërë vlerësimin e peshës dhe gjatësisë trupore tek ata. Qëllimi i kësaj teme është të bëhet matja e BMI tek pacientët, dhe të bëhet vlerësimi se a konsultohen pacientët me Nutricionistët, a mbajnë ushtrime të rregullta apo dieta speciale për të humbur peshën e tepërt të dhëna të cilët …

Sëmundja Pulmonare Obstruktive Kronike(Spok) Si Problematikë Kirurgjike. Roli I Infermieres Në Kujdesin Postoperator, Selva Rama

Theses and Dissertations

Sëmundja pulmonare obstruktive kronike (SPOK/COPD) është një sëmundje mjaft e përhapur që karakterizohet nga kufizimi i rrjedhës së ajrit në mushkëri që nuk është plotësisht i kthyeshëm. Shkaku kryesor në vendet e zhvilluara është ekspozimi ndaj tymit të duhanit. Simptomat e karakterizuara mirë si dispnea dhe lodhja kanë një ndikim negativ në kualitetin e jetës së pacientëve (QoL) dhe kufizojnë aktivitetin fizik në jetën e përditshme. Ndikimi i simptomave të COPD shpesh nënvlerësohet. Sëmundja kronike obstruktive e mushkërive shoqërohet me morbiditet dhe mortalitet të madh po ashtu siç janë: sëmundjet kardiovaskulare, diabeti i tipit 2, astma. Ndërprerja e pirjes së …

‘‘Njohuritë E Nxënsëve Të Moshës 15-19 Vjeqare Për Substancat Psikoaktive Në Komunën E Drenasit“, Shkurta Nika

Theses and Dissertations

Përdorimi i substancave psikoaktive paraqet një kërcënim serioz për shëndetin dhe zhvillimin shoqëror e ekonomik të kombeve, komuniteteve, familjeve dhe të rinjëve. Numri i përdoruesve të substancave psikoaktive në nivel botëror arrin në 2 miliardë konsumues të alkoholit, 1.3 miliardë duhanpirës dhe 185 milionë përdorues të drogave.

Rezultatet nga raporti i VSHP-së flasin qartë për nevojën e adresimit urgjent dhe sistematik të përdorimit të substancave psikoaktive në Kosovë. Rëndësia e këtij raporti është e dyfishtë, në njërën anë në dokumentimin e situates së përdorimit të substancave psikoaktive në Kosovë dhe në anën tjetër në ofrimin e gjetjeve të cilat duhet …

Roli I Infermierisë Në Tretmanin Paliativ Të Pacientëve Me Kancerin Kolorektal, Miranda Avdyli

Theses and Dissertations

Studimi i kësaj teme është bërë për shkak të incidencës së lartë që ka kanceri i koloinit në popullatë. Në këtë temë janë marrë në studim një numër i konsiderueshëm pacientësh të prekur nga ky kancer. Në bazë të këtij studimi është arritur në përfundimin se grupmoshat më të prekura nga kanceri i kolonit janë kryesisht grupmoshat e treta. Diagnostifikimi i hershëm është mënyra më efikase për parandalimin e këtij kanceri. Ka shumë rëndësi vëzhgimi i pacientëve, këshillimi i tyre në lidhje me kujdesin në vazhdimësi.

Profesioni universal i infermierit , shumë i respektuar dhe i nderuar nga të gjithë, …

Kujdesi Infermerior Tek Pacientët Me Depresion Në Regjionin E Prishtinës, Medina Pllana

Theses and Dissertations

Arsyeja pse e mora këtë temë për hulumtim është fakti sepse ka shumë njerëz të cilët prekën nga depresioni.E rëndesishme është që të mësojmë më shumë informata rreth kësaj sëmundje. Ky punim tregon se çfarë është depresioni ,si duhet të kujdesemi për pacientët me depresion, , llojet e tij, cilët janë shkaktarët, ti informojmë pacientët të jenë të kujdeshëm, të kenë sa më shumë njohuri rreth kësaj sëmundje. Ne si infermier duhet të jemi gjithmonë në gjendje gadishëmerije për të ju ofruar ndihmë pacientëve, të ju sigurojmë pacientëve të ndihen sa më mirë, të ndihen sa më të sigurt.

Evaluation Of The Anticancer Potential Of Alchemilla Vulgaris Extract Against Human Neuroblastoma Cells, Yomna Moqidem

Theses and Dissertations

Neuroblastoma is one of the most challenging pediatric tumors that present heterogeneity in prognosis and survival despite intensive treatment protocols. Therefore, there is an urge to develop novel and more potent anticancer drugs. Medicinal plants have recently gained worldwide attention due to their variable activities, wide availability, and cost-efficiency. Accordingly, this study attempted to identify novel plant extracts that could show potential anticancer properties against neuroblastoma. In this study, Alchemilla vulgaris (A.vulgaris) ethyl acetate extract was prepared and evaluated for its anticancer potential against SH-SY5Y Human neuroblastoma cell line. The Phenolic content of the prepared extract was characterized …

The Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activities Of Cornsilk Extract Encapsulated In Polysaccharide Nanoparticles, Maryam Mady

Theses and Dissertations

Corn silk possess antibacterial and antioxidant activities due to its phenolic compounds but they are of low bioavailability that requires some innovative techniques to develop such active ingredients in a safe and less toxic manner. Accordingly, silk extract SE was encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles CS NPs, which is a natural and abundant polymer derived from chitin. Among 15 experimental trials via design expert software, the optimum formula of SE x\CS NPs was prepared at 800 rpm, 5hrs. on magnetic stirrer, and by CS: TPP ratio was 2.5:1. Then SEM showed the majority of particles size diameter in the range of …

Nanoencapsulation Of Jania Rubens’ Phytochemicals: Antioxidant Properties For Food Applications, Yasmin R. Maghraby

Theses and Dissertations

The development of natural antioxidants that can mitigate oxidation reactions in food products is on the rise. Several antioxidants have been developed from natural terrestrial plants, with less emphasis on marine seaweeds.Rancidity is a major degradative reaction limiting the shelf-life and deteriorating the quality of lipid containing food products. The goal of this study is to evaluate the ability of Jania rubens algal extract encapsulated by chitosan-tripolyphosphate in retarding lipid oxidation reactions in vegetable oils as a food model system. Phytochemicals were extracted from the seaweeds’ matrices by means of an organic solvent. The antioxidant efficacy of the Jania rubens …

Role Of Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated In The Repair Of Magnetite Nanoparticles Induced Double Strand Breaks Associated With Heterochromatin, Mie Mohamed Mounir

Theses and Dissertations

Magnetite nanoparticles particulate matter pollution is escalating in large cities like New Mexico, Manchester city, Cairo, and New Delhi. Combustion derived Magnetite nanoparticles was found deposited in internal vital organs of deceased residents of urban areas. A great deal of research focused on the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of Magnetite Nanoparticles (MNPs). In our work we focus on the mechanisms employed in DNA repair of higher chromatin structures. We employed the sensitive analysis of anti γ-H2AX to detect and monitor the repair of DSBs following exposure to MNPs. A 2- fold delay in the repair of heterochromatin associated DSBs in …

Synthesis And Cytotoxicity Of Trisubstituted Imidazoles, Venkata Agasthya Kasibotla

Theses and Dissertations

Aza heterocyclic compounds are an important class of organic compounds that play a major role in medicinal chemistry. Majority of the heterocyclic motifs such as imidazoles, triazoles, piperazines etc. act as building blocks for synthesizing active pharmaceutical ingredients. Several pharmaceutical drugs include these motifs due to their varying physicochemical properties, which enable them to exhibit wide range of pharmacological activities ranging from anti-fungal, anti-neoplastic, anti-helmintic, anti-microbial etc. Owing to their electron rich ring system, imidazole and piperazine based motifs have become an attractive target for design and development of novel chemical structures as new drugs. In the current study, we …

Experimental Pharmacotherapies In Models Of Alcohol Addiction, Mousumi Akter Sumi

Theses and Dissertations

The USA faces $220 billion economic loss and eighty thousand deaths per year due to alcohol abuse while affecting more than 15 million people, making it the third largest life-style related cause of death. The U.S. FDA has approved four medications namely, disulfiram, acamprosate, oral naltrexone, and injectable long-acting naltrexone. These existing drugs are trashed with side effects, have a low success rate, indicating a demand for new potential drugs. We studied the effects of the CB1 negative allosteric modulator, PSNCBAM-1, and the dopamine D4 receptor antagonist, L-745,870 in mouse models of alcohol addiction. PSNCBAM-1 did not significantly reduce CPP …

Design And Synthesis Of Non-Xanthone Structural Analogs Of Α-Mangostin, Maryam Foroozmehr

Theses and Dissertations

α-Mangostin belongs to a class of polyphenolic compounds called xanthones. The potential pharmacological effects such as anti-bacterial and anti-cancer effects of α-mangostin have made it an important natural product for medicinal chemistry evaluation. During this thesis research, we have designed and synthesized a series of non-xanthone analogs of α-mangostin for medicinal chemistry evaluation. A commercially available starting material, methyl-4-methoxysalicylate was used to synthesize these non-xanthone analogs. The analogs were designed as more flexible derivatives compared to the tricyclic motif within α-mangostin yet retain the hydroxybenzoate scaffold. Through a one-pot chemical synthesis, with relatively high yield (70%), we prepared eight different …

Understanding College Student Emotional Functioning During Covid-19, Dominique Marie Giroux

Theses and Dissertations

The novel coronavirus has resulted in mass infection and death. To prevent spread of the virus, colleges and universities shut down and transitioned to remote learning, which mandated all college students to leave residential housing and relocate to a permanent address. Previous literature suggests college students who experienced housing displacement due to a natural disaster reported heightened distress and poorer overall functioning (Davis, Grills-Taquechel, & Ollendick, 2010). Prior to the COVID-19 outbreak, college student mental health was deemed a public health concern, however, it is expected to worsen following the outbreak (Galea, Merchant, & Lurie, 2020). Researchers suggest peer support …

A Timecourse Based Dermatotoxicity Evaluation Of Mechlorethamine On Damage And Repair Related Protein Expression In The Mouse Ear Vesicant Model, Ganming Mao

Theses and Dissertations

Mechlorethamine (HN2) is a type of nitrogen mustard alkylating agent that has been widely applied as an anticancer drug. HN2 is an analog of the corrosive reagent sulfur mustard, which is highly reactive with skin and organisms exposed to HN2 develop significant skin irritation, edema, erythema, and disruption of the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ). These pathological affects lead to tissue damage, activate wound repair mechanisms and, if unresolved, result in necrosis. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the time-dependent effects of HN2 on the expression of three different proteins using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and previously prepared and preserved formalin-fixed …

Structure Based Optimization Of Benzimidazole 4-Carboxamide Scaffold Led To Picomolar Poly(Adp-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors, Griffin J. Coate

Theses and Dissertations

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is one of several proteins in the PARP superfamily consisting of 17 proteins with a conserved ART domain. Out of the 17 total proteins, 6 show clear evidence of catalytic activity. These 6 proteins are comprised of PARP1 through PARP4 as well as TNKS1 and TNKS2. PARP1 is thoroughly characterized and has been implicated for its role in various forms of cancer. Due to the role PARP1 plays in the DNA repair pathway, targeting PARP1 for inhibition has led to two distinct anticancer strategies. The first focusing on combinatorial drug therapy with a DNA damaging anticancer …

Selective Toxicity Of Mx106-4c, A Survivin Inhibitor, To Abcb1 Positive Multidrug Resistant Colon Cancer, Zining Lei

Theses and Dissertations

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major challenge in colon cancer chemotherapy, which is typically mediated by the overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, particularly ABCB1 (P-gp, MDR1). The application of ABCB1 inhibitors to overcome ABCB1-mediated MDR has been disappointing in the clinical settings. As an alternative approach, a synthetic analog of survivin inhibitor MX106, MX106-4C, was identified as a potent collateral sensitivity (CS) agent that selectively exerted more than 10-fold cytotoxicity on ABCB1 positive MDR colon cancer cell lines compared to cell lines with low ABCB1 expression. Biochemical assays revealed that MX106-4C did not affect the ATPase activity or the …

Self-Emulsified Nanoemulsion As Permeation Enhancer And Its Application For Intranasal Delivery Of Insulin, Kanyaphat Bunchongprasert

Theses and Dissertations

This study aimed to investigate the permeation enhancing property and safety of self-emulsified nanoemulsion (SEN) and use these findings to enhance insulin absorption through the nasal route.

The first part of the project was to identify the factors affecting cytotoxicity and permeation enhancement of SEN on Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells, a widely used paracellular model. Twenty-six fatty acid esters (FAEs) commonly used in SEN were investigated. Among the FAEs (mono-, di-, and triesters), fatty acid monoesters (FAME) are the main excipient causing cytotoxicity and opening tight junction. The cytotoxicity of FAME in SEN was reduced with the presence of …

Particle Shape Engineering For Improved Drug Delivery To Peripheral Lungs By Non-Invasive Route, Snehal Shukla

Theses and Dissertations

Inhalation of therapeutics has been gaining importance owing to immense advantages offered by pulmonary route and have attracted significant advancements in the pharmaceutical field. However, pulmonary drug delivery has been challenging because of the complexity of the respiratory tract and the existing defense mechanism. The pulmonary drug delivery has experienced advances in approaches and strategies to combat the existing challenges by tailoring the physicochemical properties of the delivery carriers and enabling both localized as well as systemic delivery. Pulmonary drug delivery is governed by several biophysical parameters of the delivery carriers such as particle size, shape, density, charge, and surface …

Development Of Nanoliposomes For The Treatment Of Braf V600e Mutated Parent And Vemurafenib-Resistant Melanoma, Yige Fu

Theses and Dissertations

Melanoma is one of the most aggressive and deadliest types of skin cancer. Currently, off-target toxicities and the rapid resistance development of metastatic melanoma mainly restrict the efficiency of the treatments. This thesis presents efforts towards developing liposomes to address current problems of BRAF-mutant metastatic melanoma.

EphA2-Receptor Targeted PEGylated Nanoliposomes for the Treatment of BRAF V600E Mutated Parent and Resistant Melanoma

In order to address off-target toxicities of the targeted therapy of MEK inhibitor trametinib (TMB), we developed a physically stable EphrinA1-mimicking peptide (YSA) anchored TMB-loaded PEGylated nanoliposomes (YTPLs). The YTPLs were evaluated in BRAFV600E-mutated parent cell lines (A375 and …

Preformulation Studies For The Preparation Of Amorphous Solid Dispersions, Hemanth Kumar Mamidi

Theses and Dissertations

The major challenges in the formulation of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) using hot-melt extrusion (HME) are the selection of an ideal polymeric carrier, optimization of HME processing conditions, and screening of the physical stability of the ASDs. Addressing these challenges using traditional approaches require extensive experimentation and large amounts of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) which may not be feasible during the initial stages of product development. Therefore, there is a need to develop material-sparing techniques for the successful formulation of ASDs. The objective of the present study was to develop material-sparing techniques that can be used as pre-formulation tool during …

Exploring Efficacy Of An Anti-Malarial Nanomedicine In Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment, Vineela Parvathaneni

Theses and Dissertations

New drug and dosage form development faces significant challenges, especially in oncology, due to longer development cycle and associated scale-up complexities. Repurposing of existing drugs with potential anti-cancer activity into new therapeutic regimens provides a feasible alternative. In this project, amodiaquine (AQ), an anti-malarial drug, has been explored for its anti-cancer efficacy through formulating inhalable nanoparticulate systems using high-pressure homogenization (HPH) with scale-up feasibility and high reproducibility. A 32 multifactorial design was employed to better understand critical processes and formulation parameters so as to ensure product quality with improved anticancer efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Optimized AQ loaded …

Effect Of Inhibition Of Glycogen Catabolism In Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells, Shrikant Barot

Theses and Dissertations

Metabolic reprogramming is one of the important features of cancers, and there has been growing interest in targeting metabolic proteins to treat cancer. Glycogen is a polymer of glucose and serves as its storage unit in cells. Glycogen can provide energy to cells during the situations of high energy demand. A number of tumors are known to contain high levels of glycogen than their normal tissue counterparts. The liver plays an essential role in maintaining glucose homeostasis in the body via storing it into glycogen. The significance of glycogen metabolism in patients suffering from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been …

Development And Characterization Of Bilayer Abuse Deterrent Extended Release Tablet Using Various Model Drugs For Opioids Overdose Crisis, Ankit Soni

Theses and Dissertations

The objective of present study is to develop bilayer abuse-deterrent extended-release tablets (ADERTs) using various model drugs for opioids overdose crisis. Bilayer ADERTs using various model drugs were fabricated by direct compression; consists of extended-release drug layer and pH modifying layer. To develop extended-release layer, various hydrophilic polymers evaluated for their abuse deterrent potential. Based on significantly higher viscosity at 100RPM and lower syringe-ability data, it was found that HPMC K100M could be used as abuse deterrent polymer. Along HPMC K100M, various diluents were evaluated for their abuse deterrent potential. Tablet formulations prepared with various type of diluents using metformin …

Qbd Approach For Development Of Ivermectin-Loaded Gastro Retentive Sustained Release Tablets As Mass Drug Administration For Malaria Transmission Control, Zhangjie Xi

Theses and Dissertations

Malaria is a life-threatening disease with a high prevalence worldwide. Mass drug administration (MDA) of ivermectin have been shown to prevent the transmission of malaria. The objective of this investigation is to develop ivermectin-loaded gastro retentive sustained release tablets (GRSRTs), which have the potential to avoid not only frequent administration of MDA but also fluctuation of ivermectin in systemic circulation. Based on the outcomes from screening various materials to be the suitable matrix forming polymer and bio-adhesive polymer mixture of GRSRTs, HPMC K100M, Carbopol 934p and sodium alginate:chitosan (1:1) were selected as formulation variables. Eight formulations of ivermectin-loaded GRSRTs were …

Double-Coated Biodegradable Poly (Butyl Cyanoacrylate) Nanoparticulate Delivery Systems For Brain Targeting Of Doxorubicin Via Oral Administration, Neeraj Kaushal

Theses and Dissertations

Primary brain cancer cells grow within the brain or cancer cells can metastasis from different site of the body into brain. The major hurdle in the treatment of brain cancer is the presence of blood-brain barrier (BBB). Additionally, acquired multidrug-resistant (MDR) impedes the success of long-term chemotherapy. Therefore, the objective of this investigation is to evaluate the brain targeting potential of orally administered poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticulate delivery systems (PBCA-NPDS), double-coated with Tween 80 and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 20000 for brain delivery of doxorubicin, that does not cross the BBB by itself. And, evaluate the MDR reversal potential of PBCA-NPDS. Doxorubicin-loaded …

Up-Regulation Of Fibroblast Growth Factor (Fgf) 21 Via Ap-1 Activation Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Hepatotoxicity, Yue Zhang

Theses and Dissertations

Fibroblast growth factor (Fgf in rodents and FGF in human) 21 plays important roles in the maintenance of sugar, lipid and energy homeostasis. Fgf/FGF21 can be up-regulated via activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and activating transcription factor (ATF) 4. Recent studies also demonstrated that Fgf/FGF21 plays cytoprotective roles against chemical-induced toxicities, such as of dioxins, acetaminophen, and alcohols. Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, CDDP) is a widely used chemotherapeutic drug. However, numerous adverse effects have been noted during CDDP therapy, which largely limit its clinical applications. This study was designed to determine the regulation of …

Value Of Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire In Referrals For Obstructive Sleep Apnea At Vcu Pediatric Dental Clinic, Elizabeth H. Hering

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the number of VCU pediatric dental patients screened for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) relative to the number of referrals made for a pediatric sleep study.

Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of children between the ages of 1-18 years seen at the VCU Pediatric Dental Clinic between 2016-2020. Patients with a completed sleep apnea screening questionnaire in the health history form or sleep apnea form/referral were identified. The data was used to determine how many referrals were made for a pediatric sleep study in patients screening positive for sleep apnea. …